Experimental Philosophy and the Birth of Empirical Science Boyle, Locke and Newton

• Main Author: Chaim, Michael Ben
• Format: eBook Book
• Language: English
• Published: Aldershot, Hants, England ; Burlington, VT Routledge 2004; Taylor and Francis; Ashgate; Taylor & Francis Group
• Edition: 1
• Subjects: 17th century; Boyle, Robert; Early Modern History 1500-1750; History of Science & Technology; Intellectual History; Locke, John; Methodology; Newton, Isaac; Philosophy; Philosophy of Science; Science; Science - Philosophy - History - 17th century; Science > Methodology > History > 17th century; Electrical Phenomena; Social Transaction; Institutio Logica; Locke’s Essay; Newton’s Studies; Empirical Adequacy; Vice Versa; Houghton Library; Spectral Colors; Oblong Shape; Experimentum Crucis; Causal Explanations; Royale Des Sciences; Public Transaction; Gray’s Discovery; God’s Dominion; Experimental Philosophy; Unequal Refraction; Electric Body; God’s Rule; Idolatrous Notions; National Academies; Empirical Properties; Early Modem Science; Boyle’s Views
• ISBN: 0754640914; 9780754640912
• DOI: 10.4324/9781315255675

How did empirical research become the cornerstone of modern science? Scholars have traditionally associated empirical research with the search for knowledge, but have failed to provide adequate solutions to this basic historical problem. This book offers a different approach that focuses on human understanding - rather than knowledge - and its cultural expression in the creation and social transaction of causal explanations. Ancient Greek philosophers professed that genuine understanding of a particular subject was gained only when its nature, or essence, was defined. This ancient mode of explanation furnished the core teachings of late medieval natural philosophers, and was reaffirmed by early modern philosophers such as Bacon and Descartes. Yet during the second half of the 17th century, radical transformation gave rise to innovative research practices that were designed to explain how empirical properties of the physical world were correlated. The study unfolded in this book centres on the works of Robert Boyle, John Locke, and Isaac Newton - the most notable exponents of the 'experimental philosophy' in the late 17th century - to explore how this transformation led to the emergence of a recognizably modern culture of empirical research. Relating empirical with explanatory practices, this book offers a novel solution to one of the major problems in the history of western science and philosophy. It thereby provides a new perspective on the Scientific Revolution and the origins of modern empiricism. At the same time, this book demonstrates how historical and sociological tools can be combined to study science as an evolving institution of human understanding. Contents: Introduction: the historical sociology of scientific explanations; The break with the philosophical discourse on nature: the discovery of electrical conductivity; Explanation and experimentation transformed: Newton's studies on spectral colors; The public transaction of Newton's optical research; Remodeling human understanding: Locke's laboratory of the mind; Locke's doctrine of the faithful mind; Experimental philosophy: the Gospel according to Boyle; Science as an institution of human understanding: conclusions; Bibliography; Index. Dr Michael Ben-Chaim is a Visiting Scholar at the Department of the History of Science at Harvard University, USA.