Multilayer Heterojunction Anodes for Saline Wastewater Treatment: Design Strategies and Reactive Species Generation Mechanisms
Multilayer heterojunction SbSn/CoTi/Ir anodes, which consist of Ir0.7Ta0.3O2 bottom layers coated onto a titanium base, Co-TiO2 interlayers, and overcoated discrete Sb-SnO2 islands, were prepared by spray pyrolysis. The Ir0.7Ta0.3O2 bottom layer serves as an Ohmic contact to facilitate electron tran...
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| Published in | Environmental science & technology Vol. 50; no. 16; pp. 8780 - 8787 |
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| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
American Chemical Society
16.08.2016
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0013-936X 1520-5851 1520-5851 |
| DOI | 10.1021/acs.est.6b00688 |
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| Abstract | Multilayer heterojunction SbSn/CoTi/Ir anodes, which consist of Ir0.7Ta0.3O2 bottom layers coated onto a titanium base, Co-TiO2 interlayers, and overcoated discrete Sb-SnO2 islands, were prepared by spray pyrolysis. The Ir0.7Ta0.3O2 bottom layer serves as an Ohmic contact to facilitate electron transfer from semiconductor layers to the Ti base. The Co-TiO2 interlayer and overcoated Sb-SnO2 islands enhance the evolution of reactive chlorine. The surficial Sb-SnO2 islands also serve as the reactive sites for free radical generation. Experiments coupled with computational kinetic simulations show that while ·OH and Cl· are initially produced on the SbSn/CoTi/Ir anode surface, the dominant radical formed in solution is the dichlorine radical anion, Cl2·–. The steady-state concentration of reactive radicals is 10 orders of magnitude lower than that of reactive chlorine. The SbSn/CoTi/Ir anode was applied to electrochemically treat human wastewater. These test results show that COD and NH4 + can be removed after 2 h of electrolysis with minimal energy consumption (370 kWh/kg COD and 383 kWh/kg NH4 +). Although free radical species contribute to COD removal, anodes designed to enhance reactive chlorine production are more effective than those designed to enhance free radical production. |
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| AbstractList | Multilayer heterojunction SbSn/CoTi/Ir anodes, which consist of Ir^sub 0.7^Ta^sub 0.3^O^sub 2^ bottom layers coated onto a titanium base, Co-TiO^sub 2^ interlayers, and overcoated discrete Sb-SnO^sub 2^ islands, were prepared by spray pyrolysis. The Ir^sub 0.7^Ta^sub 0.3^O^sub 2^ bottom layer serves as an Ohmic contact to facilitate electron transfer from semiconductor layers to the Ti base. The Co-TiO^sub 2^ interlayer and overcoated Sb-SnO^sub 2^ islands enhance the evolution of reactive chlorine. The surficial Sb-SnO^sub 2^ islands also serve as the reactive sites for free radical generation. Experiments coupled with computational kinetic simulations show that while ...OH and Cl... are initially produced on the SbSn/CoTi/Ir anode surface, the dominant radical formed in solution is the dichlorine radical anion, Cl^sub 2...-^. The steady-state concentration of reactive radicals is 10 orders of magnitude lower than that of reactive chlorine. The SbSn/CoTi/Ir anode was applied to electrochemically treat human wastewater. These test results show that COD and NH^sub 4^+ can be removed after 2 h of electrolysis with minimal energy consumption (370 kWh/kg COD and 383 kWh/kg NH^sub 4^+). Although free radical species contribute to COD removal, anodes designed to enhance reactive chlorine production are more effective than those designed to enhance free radical production. (ProQuest: ... denotes formulae/symbols omitted.) Multilayer heterojunction SbSn/CoTi/Ir anodes, which consist of Ir0.7Ta0.3O2 bottom layers coated onto a titanium base, Co-TiO2 interlayers, and overcoated discrete Sb-SnO2 islands, were prepared by spray pyrolysis. The Ir0.7Ta0.3O2 bottom layer serves as an Ohmic contact to facilitate electron transfer from semiconductor layers to the Ti base. The Co-TiO2 interlayer and overcoated Sb-SnO2 islands enhance the evolution of reactive chlorine. The surficial Sb-SnO2 islands also serve as the reactive sites for free radical generation. Experiments coupled with computational kinetic simulations show that while ·OH and Cl· are initially produced on the SbSn/CoTi/Ir anode surface, the dominant radical formed in solution is the dichlorine radical anion, Cl2·(-). The steady-state concentration of reactive radicals is 10 orders of magnitude lower than that of reactive chlorine. The SbSn/CoTi/Ir anode was applied to electrochemically treat human wastewater. These test results show that COD and NH4(+) can be removed after 2 h of electrolysis with minimal energy consumption (370 kWh/kg COD and 383 kWh/kg NH4(+)). Although free radical species contribute to COD removal, anodes designed to enhance reactive chlorine production are more effective than those designed to enhance free radical production.Multilayer heterojunction SbSn/CoTi/Ir anodes, which consist of Ir0.7Ta0.3O2 bottom layers coated onto a titanium base, Co-TiO2 interlayers, and overcoated discrete Sb-SnO2 islands, were prepared by spray pyrolysis. The Ir0.7Ta0.3O2 bottom layer serves as an Ohmic contact to facilitate electron transfer from semiconductor layers to the Ti base. The Co-TiO2 interlayer and overcoated Sb-SnO2 islands enhance the evolution of reactive chlorine. The surficial Sb-SnO2 islands also serve as the reactive sites for free radical generation. Experiments coupled with computational kinetic simulations show that while ·OH and Cl· are initially produced on the SbSn/CoTi/Ir anode surface, the dominant radical formed in solution is the dichlorine radical anion, Cl2·(-). The steady-state concentration of reactive radicals is 10 orders of magnitude lower than that of reactive chlorine. The SbSn/CoTi/Ir anode was applied to electrochemically treat human wastewater. These test results show that COD and NH4(+) can be removed after 2 h of electrolysis with minimal energy consumption (370 kWh/kg COD and 383 kWh/kg NH4(+)). Although free radical species contribute to COD removal, anodes designed to enhance reactive chlorine production are more effective than those designed to enhance free radical production. Multilayer heterojunction SbSn/CoTi/Ir anodes, which consist of Ir₀.₇Ta₀.₃O₂ bottom layers coated onto a titanium base, Co-TiO₂ interlayers, and overcoated discrete Sb-SnO₂ islands, were prepared by spray pyrolysis. The Ir₀.₇Ta₀.₃O₂ bottom layer serves as an Ohmic contact to facilitate electron transfer from semiconductor layers to the Ti base. The Co-TiO₂ interlayer and overcoated Sb-SnO₂ islands enhance the evolution of reactive chlorine. The surficial Sb-SnO₂ islands also serve as the reactive sites for free radical generation. Experiments coupled with computational kinetic simulations show that while ·OH and Cl· are initially produced on the SbSn/CoTi/Ir anode surface, the dominant radical formed in solution is the dichlorine radical anion, Cl₂·–. The steady-state concentration of reactive radicals is 10 orders of magnitude lower than that of reactive chlorine. The SbSn/CoTi/Ir anode was applied to electrochemically treat human wastewater. These test results show that COD and NH₄⁺ can be removed after 2 h of electrolysis with minimal energy consumption (370 kWh/kg COD and 383 kWh/kg NH₄⁺). Although free radical species contribute to COD removal, anodes designed to enhance reactive chlorine production are more effective than those designed to enhance free radical production. Multilayer heterojunction SbSn/CoTi/Ir anodes, which consist of Ir0.7Ta0.3O2 bottom layers coated onto a titanium base, Co-TiO2 interlayers, and overcoated discrete Sb-SnO2 islands, were prepared by spray pyrolysis. The Ir0.7Ta0.3O2 bottom layer serves as an Ohmic contact to facilitate electron transfer from semiconductor layers to the Ti base. The Co-TiO2 interlayer and overcoated Sb-SnO2 islands enhance the evolution of reactive chlorine. The surficial Sb-SnO2 islands also serve as the reactive sites for free radical generation. Experiments coupled with computational kinetic simulations show that while ·OH and Cl· are initially produced on the SbSn/CoTi/Ir anode surface, the dominant radical formed in solution is the dichlorine radical anion, Cl2·–. The steady-state concentration of reactive radicals is 10 orders of magnitude lower than that of reactive chlorine. The SbSn/CoTi/Ir anode was applied to electrochemically treat human wastewater. These test results show that COD and NH4 + can be removed after 2 h of electrolysis with minimal energy consumption (370 kWh/kg COD and 383 kWh/kg NH4 +). Although free radical species contribute to COD removal, anodes designed to enhance reactive chlorine production are more effective than those designed to enhance free radical production. |
| Author | Shin, Jieun Jasper, Justin T Yang, Yang Hoffmann, Michael R |
| AuthorAffiliation | California Institute of Technology Linde + Robinson Laboratories |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: Linde + Robinson Laboratories – name: California Institute of Technology |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Yang surname: Yang fullname: Yang, Yang – sequence: 2 givenname: Jieun surname: Shin fullname: Shin, Jieun – sequence: 3 givenname: Justin T surname: Jasper fullname: Jasper, Justin T – sequence: 4 givenname: Michael R surname: Hoffmann fullname: Hoffmann, Michael R email: mrh@caltech.edu |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27402194$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Snippet | Multilayer heterojunction SbSn/CoTi/Ir anodes, which consist of Ir0.7Ta0.3O2 bottom layers coated onto a titanium base, Co-TiO2 interlayers, and overcoated... Multilayer heterojunction SbSn/CoTi/Ir anodes, which consist of Ir^sub 0.7^Ta^sub 0.3^O^sub 2^ bottom layers coated onto a titanium base, Co-TiO^sub 2^... Multilayer heterojunction SbSn/CoTi/Ir anodes, which consist of Ir sub( 0.7)Ta sub( 0.3)O sub( 2) bottom layers coated onto a titanium base, Co-TiO sub( 2)... Multilayer heterojunction SbSn/CoTi/Ir anodes, which consist of Ir₀.₇Ta₀.₃O₂ bottom layers coated onto a titanium base, Co-TiO₂ interlayers, and overcoated... |
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| SubjectTerms | active sites ammonium compounds anodes chemical oxygen demand Chlorine electrochemistry Electrodes Electrolysis Electron transfer energy Energy consumption Experiments Free radicals humans islands Oxidation-Reduction pyrolysis reaction kinetics reaction mechanisms Saline water semiconductors simulation models titanium Titanium - chemistry Waste Water - chemistry wastewater wastewater treatment Water treatment |
| Title | Multilayer Heterojunction Anodes for Saline Wastewater Treatment: Design Strategies and Reactive Species Generation Mechanisms |
| URI | http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b00688 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27402194 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1813896530 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1812223758 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1819143025 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2000196468 |
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