Law and the New Developmental State The Brazilian Experience in Latin American Context

• Main Authors: Trubek, David M, Alviar Garcia, Helena, Coutinho, Diogo R, Santos, Alvaro
• Format: eBook
• Language: English
• Published: New York Cambridge University Press 31.05.2013
• Edition: 1
• Subjects: Law and economic development

This book explores the emergence of a new developmental state in Latin America and its significance for law and development theory. In Brazil since 2000, emerging forms of state activism, including a new industrial policy and a robust social policy, differ from both classic developmental state and n...

Table of Contents:

• Developmental State, Industrial Policy, and Developmental Bank: Some Reminiscences of the Developmental Period -- Crisis of the Developmental State and Innovation Era: Brazil Falling Behind and Attempting to React -- Developmental Crisis and the Brazilian Economy Falling Behind -- Brazilian Attempt to React: Innovation-Based Strategies and Innovation-Oriented Policies -- New Developmental State, Innovation Policy, and New Development Bank? The Role of BNDES in Financing Innovation -- BNDES's Institutional Trajectory Toward Innovation -- BNDES Legal Tools and Legal Action -- BNDES as an Angel Investor: Contracts with Nonrefundable Resources (FUNTEC Resources) -- Fixed-Income Financial Contracts: A Combination of Formal Rules and Informal Governance -- Equity Investments: BNDES as Venture Capitalist -- Indirect Participation: Investment Funds -- The Political Economy of Innovation-Oriented Development Bank -- The Limits of the Innovation-Oriented Developmental State: From Institutional Learning to Institutional Practice -- Limits of Political Economy: Outward Constraints -- Government Failure and "Crowding Out": Inward Constraints -- Concluding Remarks -- Part II Trade Law: Carving Out Development Policy Space within the WTO Regime -- 5 Carving Out Policy Autonomy for Developing Countries in the World Trade Organization: The Experience of Brazil and Mexico -- Introduction -- The Debate about Policy Autonomy in the WTO -- Liberal Trade versus Development Scholars -- Structural versus Pragmatic Development Scholars -- The WTO Limits on Country's Policy Autonomy -- Restrictions -- Exceptions -- Countries' Ability to Carve Out Policy Autonomy -- Opportunities Arising from Strategic Lawyering -- In Theory -- In Practice -- Rule-Based and Doctrinal Space for Countries' Policy Preferences -- Environmental Regulations -- Labor Standards
• Intellectual Property -- Linking Legal Capacity to a Development Strategy -- The Cases of Brazil and Mexico -- Differences in Trade Promotion and Industrial Policy -- Brazil -- Mexico -- Differences in Development Banks and Export Finance -- Legal Capacity in the Service of Policy Autonomy -- Differences in Legal Capacity -- Brazil -- Mexico -- Differences in Policy Objectives -- Differences in Litigation Experience -- As Complainants -- As Respondents -- The Brazil Aircraft Case and the Export Subsidies Prohibition -- The Limits of Strategic Litigation -- Conclusion -- 6 Developmental Responses to the International Trade Legal Game: Cases of Intellectual Property and Export Credit Law Reforms in Brazil -- Key Reforms of the Trade Arena in Brazil -- "Fair Tales"? About HIV/AIDS Policy for Intellectual Property Rights and Public Trade Finance to the Civil Aircraft Industry -- Intellectual Property: Top-Down Alignment versus Bottom-Up Resistance -- International Standards on Intellectual Property Protection for the Pharmaceutical Industry Incorporated into the Brazilian Leg -- The Particularities of Intellectual Property Rights in the Pharmaceutical Market in Brazil -- The Resistance Spurred by the HIV/AIDS Movements: Mobilizing Legal Knowledge -- Brazilian Foreign Policy Review and Its Spillover Effect at the International Level -- Are there Development Lessons to Take from this Case? -- The Particularities Regarding Trade Finance to the Civil Aircraft Industry in a Developing Market -- Embraer Elected as the National Champion in a Period of No Industrial Policy -- The Embraer Case in the WTO and the Hidden Information on the Limits of the Multilateral Trade System -- Are there Development Lessons to Take from this Case? -- Trade Finance Facing Local and International Challenges -- Concluding Notes of Two Distinct Cases -- A Final Remark
• Cover -- Law and the New Developmental State -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Introduction -- 1 Law, State, and the New Developmentalism: An Introduction -- Law and Development in Historical Perspective -- The Changing Role of the State in Latin America and New Ideas about Development Policy -- The Role of the State in Developmentalism and the Rise of Neoliberalism -- Latin American Alternatives -- Globalization and Learning in the New Developmentalism -- Brazil in the New Developmentalist Literature -- Law and the New Developmentalism: Summary of the Volume -- Methodological Observations: Complexity and Contradiction in Law and Development -- The Complex Relationship between Policy Change and Legal Change -- Law in Action versus Law in the Books -- Layering and Contradiction -- Gap between Discourse and Policy -- Law as Help and Hindrance -- Case Studies: The Brazilian Legal Experience in Latin American Context -- Part I: New Industrial Policies: Global Insertion, Productive Transformation, Investment Strategies, and Flexible Law -- Part II: Trade Law: Carving Out Development Policy Space within the WTO Regime -- Part III: Social Policy and Equity: Two Approaches to the Relationship between Social Policy, Law, and Development Strategy -- Conclusion -- 2 New State Activism in Brazil and the Challenge for Law -- Introduction: From the "Long 1990s" (1988-2004) to New State Activism -- Institutional and Political Background: The New Democratic Constitution of 1988 and the Cardoso Administration -- New State Activism Emerges -- Macroeconomic Continuity -- Industrial Policy -- Social Policy -- Brazil's New State Activism: Something New Under the Sun? -- Accounting for the Rise and Shape of the New State Activism -- A Political Moment -- Structural Elements
• Part III Social Policy and Equity: Two Approaches to the Relationship between Social Policy, Law, and Development Strategy -- 7 Decentralization and Coordination in Social Law and Policy: The Bolsa Família Program -- Bolsa Família and the Roles of Law in (New) Developmental Policies -- Social Policy in Brazil from 1930 to 1988 -- Brazilian Welfare State after 1988 -- Bolsa Família and Its Decentralization and Coordination Tools -- Cadastro Único: Decentralized Targeting and Coordinated Management -- IGD: Incentive Mechanisms for Local Performance -- Roles of Law in Development Policies: A Functional Approach -- Law as Policy Framework -- Law as Institutional Arrangement -- Law as a Toolbox for Policy Implementation -- Law as Participation and Accountability Channels -- Roles of Law in Bolsa Família -- Law as a Framework -- Law as Institutional Arrangement -- Law as a Toolbox for Policy Implementation -- Concluding Remarks -- 8 Social Policy and the New Development State -- Familias en Acción: An Example of NDS or a Weak Attempt at Attacking Marginal Poverty? -- History and Design -- Implementation of the Program -- Target Population and Coverage -- Procedure to Become a Beneficiary -- 1) Identification of Municipalities and Families Beneficiaries -- 2) Implementation Procedures -- Types of Subsidies -- Impact and Critiques -- Arguments in Favor of Familias en Acción -- Critiques -- 1) Populism -- 2) Paternalism -- 3) Critiques of the gendered dimension of the program -- Path dependence: historical obstacles faced by transformative social policies -- Conclusions -- Index
• Market Failures: Innovation, Infrastructure, Financial Sector, and Competitiveness -- Social Debt -- International Embeddedness and the Need to Spur Competitiveness -- Structural Elements: Conditioning Factors -- Other Influences on the Emergence of NSA: Enhanced Government Efficiency and New Economic Theories -- The Challenge for Law -- New Roles, New Frameworks of Analysis, and New Functionalities -- Flexibility and Synergy in Industrial Policy -- Orchestration and Decentralization in Social Policy -- Experimentation and Synergy in Labor Law -- Building Legal Capacity for Development: Trade Law -- Conclusion: Assessing the Brazilian Experience in Development Policy and Law -- Part I New Industrial Policies: Global Insertion, Productive Transformation, Investment Strategies, and Flexible Law -- 3 Understanding Neo-Developmentalism in Latin America: New Industrial Policies in Brazil and Colombia -- The Fall of the Washington Consensus and the Rise of the Left in Latin America -- The Emergence of a New Development Consensus and the Comeback of Industrial Policies -- From Discourse to Practice: Institutions and Implementation of the New Development Strategy -- International Insertion Policies in Brazil and Colombia: FTAs -- Macro-Institutional Convergence in International Insertion -- Divergent Policy Implementation in International Insertion -- New Industrial Policies in Brazil and Colombia: Productive Transformation Policies -- Macro-Institutional Convergence in Productive Transformation Policies -- Colombian Productive Transformation Policies: Convergence toward the New Development Model -- Divergent Implementation Strategies in Productive Transformation Policies -- Conclusions -- 4 Rediscovering the Developmental Path? Development Bank, Law, and Innovation Financing in the Brazilian Economy