Fundamental physics with ESPRESSO: Precise limit on variations in the fine-structure constant towards the bright quasar HE 0515\(-\)4414
The strong intervening absorption system at redshift 1.15 towards the very bright quasar HE 0515\(-\)4414 is the most studied absorber for measuring possible cosmological variations in the fine-structure constant, \(\alpha\). We observed HE 0515\(-\)4414 for 16.1\(\,\)h with the Very Large Telescope...
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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10.12.2021
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Abstract | The strong intervening absorption system at redshift 1.15 towards the very bright quasar HE 0515\(-\)4414 is the most studied absorber for measuring possible cosmological variations in the fine-structure constant, \(\alpha\). We observed HE 0515\(-\)4414 for 16.1\(\,\)h with the Very Large Telescope and present here the first constraint on relative variations in \(\alpha\) with parts-per-million (ppm) precision from the new ESPRESSO spectrograph: \(\Delta\alpha/\alpha = 1.3 \pm 1.3_{\rm stat} \pm 0.4_{\rm sys}\,{\rm ppm}\). The statistical uncertainty (1\(\sigma\)) is similar to the ensemble precision of previous large samples of absorbers, and derives from the high S/N achieved (\(\approx\)105 per 0.4\(\,\)km\(\,\)s\(^{-1}\) pixel). ESPRESSO's design, and calibration of our observations with its laser frequency comb, effectively removed wavelength calibration errors from our measurement. The high resolving power of our ESPRESSO spectrum (\(R=145000\)) enabled the identification of very narrow components within the absorption profile, allowing a more robust analysis of \(\Delta\alpha/\alpha\). The evidence for the narrow components is corroborated by their correspondence with previously detected molecular hydrogen and neutral carbon. The main remaining systematic errors arise from ambiguities in the absorption profile modelling, effects from redispersing the individual quasar exposures, and convergence of the parameter estimation algorithm. All analyses of the spectrum, including systematic error estimates, were initially blinded to avoid human biases. We make our reduced ESPRESSO spectrum of HE 0515\(-\)4414 publicly available for further analysis. Combining our ESPRESSO result with 28 measurements, from other spectrographs, in which wavelength calibration errors have been mitigated, yields a weighted mean \(\Delta\alpha/\alpha = -0.5 \pm 0.5_{\rm stat} \pm 0.4_{\rm sys}\,\)ppm at redshifts 0.6-2.4. |
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AbstractList | The strong intervening absorption system at redshift 1.15 towards the very bright quasar HE 0515\(-\)4414 is the most studied absorber for measuring possible cosmological variations in the fine-structure constant, \(\alpha\). We observed HE 0515\(-\)4414 for 16.1\(\,\)h with the Very Large Telescope and present here the first constraint on relative variations in \(\alpha\) with parts-per-million (ppm) precision from the new ESPRESSO spectrograph: \(\Delta\alpha/\alpha = 1.3 \pm 1.3_{\rm stat} \pm 0.4_{\rm sys}\,{\rm ppm}\). The statistical uncertainty (1\(\sigma\)) is similar to the ensemble precision of previous large samples of absorbers, and derives from the high S/N achieved (\(\approx\)105 per 0.4\(\,\)km\(\,\)s\(^{-1}\) pixel). ESPRESSO's design, and calibration of our observations with its laser frequency comb, effectively removed wavelength calibration errors from our measurement. The high resolving power of our ESPRESSO spectrum (\(R=145000\)) enabled the identification of very narrow components within the absorption profile, allowing a more robust analysis of \(\Delta\alpha/\alpha\). The evidence for the narrow components is corroborated by their correspondence with previously detected molecular hydrogen and neutral carbon. The main remaining systematic errors arise from ambiguities in the absorption profile modelling, effects from redispersing the individual quasar exposures, and convergence of the parameter estimation algorithm. All analyses of the spectrum, including systematic error estimates, were initially blinded to avoid human biases. We make our reduced ESPRESSO spectrum of HE 0515\(-\)4414 publicly available for further analysis. Combining our ESPRESSO result with 28 measurements, from other spectrographs, in which wavelength calibration errors have been mitigated, yields a weighted mean \(\Delta\alpha/\alpha = -0.5 \pm 0.5_{\rm stat} \pm 0.4_{\rm sys}\,\)ppm at redshifts 0.6-2.4. A&A 658, A123 (2022) The strong intervening absorption system at redshift 1.15 towards the very bright quasar HE 0515$-$4414 is the most studied absorber for measuring possible cosmological variations in the fine-structure constant, $\alpha$. We observed HE 0515$-$4414 for 16.1$\,$h with the Very Large Telescope and present here the first constraint on relative variations in $\alpha$ with parts-per-million (ppm) precision from the new ESPRESSO spectrograph: $\Delta\alpha/\alpha = 1.3 \pm 1.3_{\rm stat} \pm 0.4_{\rm sys}\,{\rm ppm}$. The statistical uncertainty (1$\sigma$) is similar to the ensemble precision of previous large samples of absorbers, and derives from the high S/N achieved ($\approx$105 per 0.4$\,$km$\,$s$^{-1}$ pixel). ESPRESSO's design, and calibration of our observations with its laser frequency comb, effectively removed wavelength calibration errors from our measurement. The high resolving power of our ESPRESSO spectrum ($R=145000$) enabled the identification of very narrow components within the absorption profile, allowing a more robust analysis of $\Delta\alpha/\alpha$. The evidence for the narrow components is corroborated by their correspondence with previously detected molecular hydrogen and neutral carbon. The main remaining systematic errors arise from ambiguities in the absorption profile modelling, effects from redispersing the individual quasar exposures, and convergence of the parameter estimation algorithm. All analyses of the spectrum, including systematic error estimates, were initially blinded to avoid human biases. We make our reduced ESPRESSO spectrum of HE 0515$-$4414 publicly available for further analysis. Combining our ESPRESSO result with 28 measurements, from other spectrographs, in which wavelength calibration errors have been mitigated, yields a weighted mean $\Delta\alpha/\alpha = -0.5 \pm 0.5_{\rm stat} \pm 0.4_{\rm sys}\,$ppm at redshifts 0.6-2.4. |
Author | Molaro, Paolo Santos, Nuno C Poretti, Ennio Pepe, Francesco A Benz, Willy Landoni, Marco Adibekyan, Vardan Dekker, Hans Zerbi, Filippo Carlos Allende Prieto Mégevand, Denis Cupani, Guido Figueira, Pedro Lovis, Christophe Manescau, Antonio Carlos J A P Martins Amate, Manuel D'Odorico, Valentina Riva, Marco Paolo Di Marcantonio Alibert, Yann Bouchy, François Micela, Giuseppina Baldini, Veronica Milaković, Dinko Ricardo Génova Santos Maria-Rosa Zapatero Osorio Cabral, Alexandre Leite, Ana C O Gaspare Lo Curto Alejandro Suárez Mascareño Ehrenreich, David González Hernández, Jonay I Murphy, Michael T Rebolo, Rafael Sousa, Sérgio G Sozzetti, Alessandro Cristiani, Stefano Nunes, Nelson J Mehner, Andrea Pasquini, Luca Schmidt, Tobias M Udry, Stéphane |
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BackLink | https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2112.05819$$DView paper in arXiv https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202142257$$DView published paper (Access to full text may be restricted) |
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Snippet | The strong intervening absorption system at redshift 1.15 towards the very bright quasar HE 0515\(-\)4414 is the most studied absorber for measuring possible... A&A 658, A123 (2022) The strong intervening absorption system at redshift 1.15 towards the very bright quasar HE 0515$-$4414 is the most studied absorber for... |
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SubjectTerms | Absorbers Absorption Algorithms Calibration Coffee Human bias Parameter estimation Physics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics Quasars Red shift Resolution Spectrographs Statistical methods Systematic errors Very Large Telescope |
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Title | Fundamental physics with ESPRESSO: Precise limit on variations in the fine-structure constant towards the bright quasar HE 0515\(-\)4414 |
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