Dynamics of Plate Tectonics and Mantle Flow: From Local to Global Scales

Plate tectonics is regulated by driving and resisting forces concentrated at plate boundaries, but observationally constrained high-resolution models of global mantle flow remain a computational challenge. We capitalized on advances in adaptive mesh refinement algorithms on parallel computers to sim...

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Published inScience (American Association for the Advancement of Science) Vol. 329; no. 5995; pp. 1033 - 1038
Main Authors Stadler, Georg, Gurnis, Michael, Burstedde, Carsten, Wilcox, Lucas C, Alisic, Laura, Ghattas, Omar
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Washington, DC American Association for the Advancement of Science 27.08.2010
The American Association for the Advancement of Science
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Abstract Plate tectonics is regulated by driving and resisting forces concentrated at plate boundaries, but observationally constrained high-resolution models of global mantle flow remain a computational challenge. We capitalized on advances in adaptive mesh refinement algorithms on parallel computers to simulate global mantle flow by incorporating plate motions, with individual plate margins resolved down to a scale of 1 kilometer. Back-arc extension and slab rollback are emergent consequences of slab descent in the upper mantle. Cold thermal anomalies within the lower mantle couple into oceanic plates through narrow high-viscosity slabs, altering the velocity of oceanic plates. Viscous dissipation within the bending lithosphere at trenches amounts to approximately 5 to 20% of the total dissipation through the entire lithosphere and mantle.
AbstractList Plate tectonics is regulated by driving and resisting forces concentrated at plate boundaries, but observationally constrained high-resolution models of global mantle now remain a computational challenge. We capitalized on advances in adaptive mesh refinement algorithms on parallel computers to simulate global mantle now by incorporating plate motions, with individual plate margins resolved down to a scale of 1 kilometer. Back-arc extension and slab rollback are emergent consequences of slab descent in the upper mantle. Cold thermal anomalies within the lower mantle couple into oceanic plates through narrow high-viscosity slabs, altering the velocity of oceanic plates. Viscous dissipation within the bending lithosphère at trenches amounts to ~5 to 20% of the total dissipation through the entire lithosphère and mantle.
Plate tectonics is regulated by driving and resisting forces concentrated at plate boundaries, but observationally constrained high-resolution models of global mantle flow remain a computational challenge. We capitalized on advances in adaptive mesh refinement algorithms on parallel computers to simulate global mantle flow by incorporating plate motions, with individual plate margins resolved down to a scale of 1 kilometer. Back-arc extension and slab rollback are emergent consequences of slab descent in the upper mantle. Cold thermal anomalies within the lower mantle couple into oceanic plates through narrow high-viscosity slabs, altering the velocity of oceanic plates. Viscous dissipation within the bending lithosphere at trenches amounts to approximately 5 to 20% of the total dissipation through the entire lithosphere and mantle.
Plate tectonics is regulated by driving and resisting forces concentrated at plate boundaries, but observationally constrained high-resolution models of global mantle flow remain a computational challenge. We capitalized on advances in adaptive mesh refinement algorithms on parallel computers to simulate global mantle flow by incorporating plate motions, with individual plate margins resolved down to a scale of 1 kilometer. Back-arc extension and slab rollback are emergent consequences of slab descent in the upper mantle. Cold thermal anomalies within the lower mantle couple into oceanic plates through narrow high-viscosity slabs, altering the velocity of oceanic plates. Viscous dissipation within the bending lithosphere at trenches amounts to ~5 to 20% of the total dissipation through the entire lithosphere and mantle. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
Improving Earth Models The geophysical processes responsible for shaping the planet's surface and interior need largescale simulations, but to achieve high resolution at these scales is costly and tends to focus on gradual processes such as plate tectonics. By using large parallel supercomputers, Stadler et al. (p. 1033 ; see the Perspective by Becker ; see the cover) have improved on a commonly used method—adaptive mesh refinement—to increase the resolution of global geodynamic models to the scale of a single kilometer and been able to reveal unexpected insights into localized processes, such as subduction zone mechanics, thermal anomalies in the lower mantle, and the speed of movement of oceanic plates. Computational advances enable the modeling of global geophysical processes to the scale of a kilometer. Plate tectonics is regulated by driving and resisting forces concentrated at plate boundaries, but observationally constrained high-resolution models of global mantle flow remain a computational challenge. We capitalized on advances in adaptive mesh refinement algorithms on parallel computers to simulate global mantle flow by incorporating plate motions, with individual plate margins resolved down to a scale of 1 kilometer. Back-arc extension and slab rollback are emergent consequences of slab descent in the upper mantle. Cold thermal anomalies within the lower mantle couple into oceanic plates through narrow high-viscosity slabs, altering the velocity of oceanic plates. Viscous dissipation within the bending lithosphere at trenches amounts to ~5 to 20% of the total dissipation through the entire lithosphere and mantle.
Author Wilcox, Lucas C
Ghattas, Omar
Burstedde, Carsten
Alisic, Laura
Gurnis, Michael
Stadler, Georg
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IngestDate Fri Aug 16 12:01:44 EDT 2024
Fri Aug 16 22:59:46 EDT 2024
Thu Oct 10 17:24:47 EDT 2024
Thu Sep 26 16:23:34 EDT 2024
Sat Sep 28 07:52:13 EDT 2024
Sun Oct 29 17:07:14 EDT 2023
Fri Feb 02 07:02:43 EST 2024
Wed Dec 27 19:17:06 EST 2023
IsPeerReviewed true
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Issue 5995
Keywords plate movement
strain rates
algorithms
models
simulation
thermal anomalies
lithosphere
velocity
plate tectonics
dynamics
viscosity
extension tectonics
back-arc basins
mantle
subduction zones
plate boundaries
flow
trenches
oceanic crust
high resolution
Language English
License CC BY 4.0
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Snippet Plate tectonics is regulated by driving and resisting forces concentrated at plate boundaries, but observationally constrained high-resolution models of global...
Improving Earth Models The geophysical processes responsible for shaping the planet's surface and interior need largescale simulations, but to achieve high...
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SubjectTerms Algorithms
Boundaries
Computer simulation
Convergent boundaries
Dissipation
Earth sciences
Earth, ocean, space
Earthquakes
Exact sciences and technology
Flow velocity
Geomorphology
Geophysics
Internal geophysics
Kinematics
Kinetics
Lithosphere
Lower mantle
Mantle
Mathematical models
Plate tectonics
Slabs
Solid-earth geophysics, tectonophysics, gravimetry
Strain rate
Tectonic plate interactions
Tectonics. Structural geology. Plate tectonics
Viscosity
Title Dynamics of Plate Tectonics and Mantle Flow: From Local to Global Scales
URI https://www.jstor.org/stable/40803008
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20798311
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Volume 329
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