Mantle Shear-Wave Velocity Structure Beneath the Hawaiian Hot Spot
Defining the mantle structure that lies beneath hot spots is important for revealing their depth of origin. Three-dimensional images of shear-wave velocity beneath the Hawaiian Islands, obtained from a network of sea-floor and land seismometers, show an upper-mantle low-velocity anomaly that is elon...
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| Published in | Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) Vol. 326; no. 5958; pp. 1388 - 1390 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Washington, DC
American Association for the Advancement of Science
04.12.2009
The American Association for the Advancement of Science |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Defining the mantle structure that lies beneath hot spots is important for revealing their depth of origin. Three-dimensional images of shear-wave velocity beneath the Hawaiian Islands, obtained from a network of sea-floor and land seismometers, show an upper-mantle low-velocity anomaly that is elongated in the direction of the island chain and surrounded by a parabola-shaped high-velocity anomaly. Low velocities continue downward to the mantle transition zone between 410 and 660 kilometers depth, a result that is in agreement with prior observations of transition-zone thinning. The inclusion of SKS observations extends the resolution downward to a depth of 1500 kilometers and reveals a several-hundred-kilometer-wide region of low velocities beneath and southeast of Hawaii. These images suggest that the Hawaiian hot spot is the result of an upwelling high-temperature plume from the lower mantle. |
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| AbstractList | Defining the mantle structure that lies beneath hot spots is important for revealing their depth of origin. Three-dimensional images of shear-wave velocity beneath the Hawaiian Islands, obtained from a network of sea-floor and land seismometers, show an upper-mantle low-velocity anomaly that is elongated in the direction of the island chain and surrounded by a parabola-shaped high-velocity anomaly. Low velocities continue downward to the mantle transition zone between 410 and 660 kilometers depth, a result that is in agreement with prior observations of transition-zone thinning. The inclusion of SKS observations extends the resolution downward to a depth of 1500 kilometers and reveals a several-hundred-kilometer-wide region of low velocities beneath and southeast of Hawaii. These images suggest that the Hawaiian hot spot is the result of an upwelling high-temperature plume from the lower mantle. Earth's Plume Plumbing Volcanic hot spots, such as the one that continues to build the Hawaiian Islands, are thought to form by one of two mechanisms: Either mantle plumes bring hot, buoyant material to the surface from deep within the Earth's interior, or extensive processing of the upper mantle by plate tectonics causes localized volcanism in stressed or heterogeneous crust. Wolfe et al. (p. 1388 ; see the cover; see the news story by Kerr ) used an extensive array of ocean-bottom and land-based seismometers to reveal the structure of the mantle beneath Hawaii. These high-resolution images reveal a high-temperature plume originating from the lower mantle. Extensive seismological data support a mantle plume origin for the Hawaiian volcanic hot spot. Defining the mantle structure that lies beneath hot spots is important for revealing their depth of origin. Three-dimensional images of shear-wave velocity beneath the Hawaiian Islands, obtained from a network of sea-floor and land seismometers, show an upper-mantle low-velocity anomaly that is elongated in the direction of the island chain and surrounded by a parabola-shaped high-velocity anomaly. Low velocities continue downward to the mantle transition zone between 410 and 660 kilometers depth, a result that is in agreement with prior observations of transition-zone thinning. The inclusion of SKS observations extends the resolution downward to a depth of 1500 kilometers and reveals a several-hundred-kilometer-wide region of low velocities beneath and southeast of Hawaii. These images suggest that the Hawaiian hot spot is the result of an upwelling high-temperature plume from the lower mantle. Defining the mantle structure that lies beneath hot spots is important for revealing their depth of origin. Three-dimensional images of shear-wave velocity beneath the Hawaiian Islands, obtained from a network of sea-floor and land seismometers, show an upper-mantle low-velocity anomaly that is elongated in the direction of the island chain and surrounded by a parabola-shaped high-velocity anomaly. Low velocities continue downward to the mantle transition zone between 410 and 660 kilometers depth, a result that is in agreement with prior observations of transition-zone thinning. The inclusion of SKS observations extends the resolution downward to a depth of 1500 kilometers and reveals a several-hundred-kilometer-wide region of low velocities beneath and southeast of Hawaii. These images suggest that the Hawaiian hot spot is the result of an upwelling high-temperature plume from the lower mantle. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] |
| Author | Wolfe, Cecily J Solomon, Sean C Detrick, Robert S Hauri, Erik H Collins, John A Bercovici, David Laske, Gabi Orcutt, John A |
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| Keywords | velocity structure plumes seismology upper mantle S-waves deep-seated structures seismic discontinuities anomalies high temperature transition zones depth upwelling seismometers three-dimensional models hot spots mantle SKS-waves seismic waves |
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| Snippet | Defining the mantle structure that lies beneath hot spots is important for revealing their depth of origin. Three-dimensional images of shear-wave velocity... Earth's Plume Plumbing Volcanic hot spots, such as the one that continues to build the Hawaiian Islands, are thought to form by one of two mechanisms: Either... |
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| SubjectTerms | Earth sciences Earth, ocean, space Earthquakes Earthquakes, seismology Exact sciences and technology Geodynamics Geophysics Internal geophysics Low speed Lower mantle Mantle Plumes Seismographs Seismology Solid-earth geophysics, tectonophysics, gravimetry Transition zones Upper mantle Velocity |
| Title | Mantle Shear-Wave Velocity Structure Beneath the Hawaiian Hot Spot |
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