Pyrolysis GC–MS as a rapid screening tool for determination of peat-forming plant composition in cores from ombrotrophic peat
► Analytical tool to rapidly screen peat archives to determine vegetation input explored. ► Confirmation of Sphagnum pyrolysate biomarker 4-isopropenylphenol (from sphagnum acid). ► Ratio of 4-isopropenylphenol and lignin (“I%”) tested as a Sphagnum macrofossil proxy. ► Macrofossil decay affects sph...
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| Published in | Organic geochemistry Vol. 42; no. 11; pp. 1420 - 1435 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Oxford
Elsevier Ltd
01.12.2011
Elsevier |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | ► Analytical tool to rapidly screen peat archives to determine vegetation input explored. ► Confirmation of
Sphagnum pyrolysate biomarker 4-isopropenylphenol (from sphagnum acid). ► Ratio of 4-isopropenylphenol and lignin (“I%”) tested as a Sphagnum macrofossil proxy. ► Macrofossil decay affects sphagnum acid; other markers quantify original sphagnum input.
Peat cores provide decadal to centennial records of climatic and environmental change, including evidence for human/environment interaction. Existing palaeoenvironmental proxies (macrofossils, pollen, humification, testate amoebae, lipid composition) require multiple laboratory preparation steps and may be subject to differential preservation that can limit production of a continuous time series. The potential for pyrolysis gas-chromatography–mass-spectrometry (Py–GC–MS) to be applied to bulk peat samples is investigated here. The only preparatory step required was freeze drying. Analysis of a range of important peat-forming plants demonstrates that
Sphagnum moss species are unique in containing the pyrolysis product of sphagnum acid, 4-isopropenylphenol. In contrast, non-
Sphagnum species are rich in lignin pyrolysis products, which are absent from
Sphagnum. The presence of these pyrolysis markers is reflected in bulk peat composition and tested here using archives from Bolton Fell Moss and Butterburn Flow (UK), Kontolanrahka (Finland) and Bissendorfer Moor (Germany). A ratio between 4-isopropenylphenol and two lignin pyrolysis products is proposed as a proxy for total
Sphagnum input to peat archives and shows potential for use as a rapid screening tool for characterising bulk peat composition before more intensive analysis. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Peat cores provide decadal to centennial records of climatic and environmental change, including evidence for human/environment interaction. Existing palaeoenvironmental proxies (macrofossils, pollen, humification, testate amoebae, lipid composition) require multiple laboratory preparation steps and may be subject to differential preservation that can limit production of a continuous time series. The potential for pyrolysis gas-chromatography-mass-spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) to be applied to bulk peat samples is investigated here. The only preparatory step required was freeze drying. Analysis of a range of important peat-forming plants demonstrates that Sphagnum moss species are unique in containing the pyrolysis product of sphagnum acid, 4-isopropenylphenol. In contrast, non-Sphagnum species are rich in lignin pyrolysis products, which are absent from Sphagnum. The presence of these pyrolysis markers is reflected in bulk peat composition and tested here using archives from Bolton Fell Moss and Butterburn Flow (UK), Kontolanrahka (Finland) and Bissendorfer Moor (Germany). A ratio between 4-isopropenylphenol and two lignin pyrolysis products is proposed as a proxy for total Sphagnum input to peat archives and shows potential for use as a rapid screening tool for characterising bulk peat composition before more intensive analysis. ► Analytical tool to rapidly screen peat archives to determine vegetation input explored. ► Confirmation of Sphagnum pyrolysate biomarker 4-isopropenylphenol (from sphagnum acid). ► Ratio of 4-isopropenylphenol and lignin (“I%”) tested as a Sphagnum macrofossil proxy. ► Macrofossil decay affects sphagnum acid; other markers quantify original sphagnum input. Peat cores provide decadal to centennial records of climatic and environmental change, including evidence for human/environment interaction. Existing palaeoenvironmental proxies (macrofossils, pollen, humification, testate amoebae, lipid composition) require multiple laboratory preparation steps and may be subject to differential preservation that can limit production of a continuous time series. The potential for pyrolysis gas-chromatography–mass-spectrometry (Py–GC–MS) to be applied to bulk peat samples is investigated here. The only preparatory step required was freeze drying. Analysis of a range of important peat-forming plants demonstrates that Sphagnum moss species are unique in containing the pyrolysis product of sphagnum acid, 4-isopropenylphenol. In contrast, non- Sphagnum species are rich in lignin pyrolysis products, which are absent from Sphagnum. The presence of these pyrolysis markers is reflected in bulk peat composition and tested here using archives from Bolton Fell Moss and Butterburn Flow (UK), Kontolanrahka (Finland) and Bissendorfer Moor (Germany). A ratio between 4-isopropenylphenol and two lignin pyrolysis products is proposed as a proxy for total Sphagnum input to peat archives and shows potential for use as a rapid screening tool for characterising bulk peat composition before more intensive analysis. |
| Author | McClymont, Erin L. Bingham, Elizabeth M. Evershed, Richard P. Chambers, Frank M. Pancost, Richard D. Nott, Chris J. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Erin L. surname: McClymont fullname: McClymont, Erin L. email: erin.mcclymont@durham.ac.uk organization: Organic Geochemistry Unit, Bristol Biogeochemistry Research Centre, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK – sequence: 2 givenname: Elizabeth M. surname: Bingham fullname: Bingham, Elizabeth M. organization: Organic Geochemistry Unit, Bristol Biogeochemistry Research Centre, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK – sequence: 3 givenname: Chris J. surname: Nott fullname: Nott, Chris J. organization: Organic Geochemistry Unit, Bristol Biogeochemistry Research Centre, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK – sequence: 4 givenname: Frank M. surname: Chambers fullname: Chambers, Frank M. organization: Centre for Environmental Change and Quaternary Research, Department of Natural and Social Sciences, University of Gloucestershire, Cheltenham GL50 4AZ, UK – sequence: 5 givenname: Richard D. surname: Pancost fullname: Pancost, Richard D. organization: Organic Geochemistry Unit, Bristol Biogeochemistry Research Centre, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK – sequence: 6 givenname: Richard P. surname: Evershed fullname: Evershed, Richard P. organization: Organic Geochemistry Unit, Bristol Biogeochemistry Research Centre, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK |
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| Keywords | Musci lipids pollen Plantae lignin gas chromatography paleoclimate mass spectroscopy bryophytes Sphagnum drill cores preservation acids pyrolysis humification peat flow |
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| Snippet | ► Analytical tool to rapidly screen peat archives to determine vegetation input explored. ► Confirmation of
Sphagnum pyrolysate biomarker 4-isopropenylphenol... Peat cores provide decadal to centennial records of climatic and environmental change, including evidence for human/environment interaction. Existing... |
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| SubjectTerms | Amoebida Earth sciences Earth, ocean, space Exact sciences and technology Finland freeze drying gas chromatography Geochemistry Germany humans humification lignin lipid composition Marine and continental quaternary mass spectrometry mosses and liverworts peat pollen pyrolysis rapid methods Soil and rock geochemistry Sphagnum Surficial geology time series analysis United Kingdom |
| Title | Pyrolysis GC–MS as a rapid screening tool for determination of peat-forming plant composition in cores from ombrotrophic peat |
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