Efficacy of Tecovirimat (ST-246) in Nonhuman Primates Infected with Variola Virus (Smallpox)

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Published inAntimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 57; no. 12; pp. 6246 - 6253
Main Authors MUCKER, Eric M, GOFF, Arthur J, CLEMMONS, Cody J, HUDSON, Paul, HRUBY, Dennis E, SHAMBLIN, Joshua D, GROSENBACH, Douglas W, DAMON, Inger K, MEHAL, Jason M, HOLMAN, Robert C, CARROLL, Darin, GALLARDO, Nadia, OLSON, Victoria A
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Washington, DC American Society for Microbiology 01.12.2013
Subjects
Animal models
Animals
Antibiotics. Antiinfectious agents. Antiparasitic agents
Antiviral Agents
Antiviral Agents - administration & dosage
Antiviral Agents - therapeutic use
Benzamides
Benzamides - administration & dosage
Benzamides - therapeutic use
Biological and medical sciences
Isoindoles
Isoindoles - administration & dosage
Isoindoles - therapeutic use
Macaca
Male
Medical sciences
Orthopoxvirus
Pharmacology. Drug treatments
Poxviridae Infections
Poxviridae Infections - blood
Poxviridae Infections - drug therapy
Random Allocation
Treatment Outcome
Variola virus
Variola virus - drug effects
Variola virus - pathogenicity
Virus
Infection
Chordopoxvirinae
Variola virus
Poxviridae
Orthopoxvirus
Treatment efficiency
Nonhuman primate
Tecovirimat
Benzamide derivatives
Antiviral
Online AccessGet full text

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Abstract Classifications Services AAC Citing Articles Google Scholar PubMed Related Content Social Bookmarking CiteULike Delicious Digg Facebook Google+ Mendeley Reddit StumbleUpon Twitter current issue AAC About AAC Subscribers Authors Reviewers Advertisers Inquiries from the Press Permissions & Commercial Reprints ASM Journals Public Access Policy AAC RSS Feeds 1752 N Street N.W. • Washington DC 20036 202.737.3600 • 202.942.9355 fax • journals@asmusa.org Print ISSN: 0066-4804 Online ISSN: 1098-6596 Copyright © 2014 by the American Society for Microbiology.   For an alternate route to AAC .asm.org, visit: AAC       
AbstractList Naturally occurring smallpox has been eradicated but remains a considerable threat as a biowarfare/bioterrorist weapon (F. Fleck, Bull. World Health Organ. 81: 917–918, 2003). While effective, the smallpox vaccine is currently not recommended for routine use in the general public due to safety concerns ( http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/smallpox/vaccination ). Safe and effective countermeasures, particularly those effective after exposure to smallpox, are needed. Currently, SIGA Technologies is developing the small-molecule oral drug, tecovirimat (previously known as ST-246), as a postexposure therapeutic treatment of orthopoxvirus disease, including smallpox. Tecovirimat has been shown to be efficacious in preventing lethal orthopoxviral disease in numerous animal models (G. Yang, D. C. Pevear, M. H. Davies, M. S. Collett, T. Bailey, et al., J. Virol. 79: 13139–13149, 2005; D. C. Quenelle, R. M. Buller, S. Parker, K. A. Keith, D. E. Hruby, et al., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 51: 689–695, 2007; E. Sbrana, R. Jordan, D. E. Hruby, R. I. Mateo, S. Y. Xiao, et al., Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 76: 768–773, 2007). Furthermore, in clinical trials thus far, the drug appears to be safe, with a good pharmacokinetic profile. In this study, the efficacy of tecovirimat was evaluated in both a prelesional and postlesional setting in nonhuman primates challenged intravenously with 1 × 10 8 PFU of Variola virus (VARV; the causative agent of smallpox), a model for smallpox disease in humans. Following challenge, 50% of placebo-treated controls succumbed to infection, while all tecovirimat-treated animals survived regardless of whether treatment was started at 2 or 4 days postinfection. In addition, tecovirimat treatment resulted in dramatic reductions in dermal lesion counts, oropharyngeal virus shedding, and viral DNA circulating in the blood. Although clinical disease was evident in tecovirimat-treated animals, it was generally very mild and appeared to resolve earlier than in placebo-treated controls that survived infection. Tecovirimat appears to be an effective smallpox therapeutic in nonhuman primates, suggesting that it is reasonably likely to provide therapeutic benefit in smallpox-infected humans.
Classifications Services AAC Citing Articles Google Scholar PubMed Related Content Social Bookmarking CiteULike Delicious Digg Facebook Google+ Mendeley Reddit StumbleUpon Twitter current issue AAC About AAC Subscribers Authors Reviewers Advertisers Inquiries from the Press Permissions & Commercial Reprints ASM Journals Public Access Policy AAC RSS Feeds 1752 N Street N.W. • Washington DC 20036 202.737.3600 • 202.942.9355 fax • journals@asmusa.org Print ISSN: 0066-4804 Online ISSN: 1098-6596 Copyright © 2014 by the American Society for Microbiology.   For an alternate route to AAC .asm.org, visit: AAC       
Naturally occurring smallpox has been eradicated but remains a considerable threat as a biowarfare/bioterrorist weapon (F. Fleck, Bull. World Health Organ. 81:917-918, 2003). While effective, the smallpox vaccine is currently not recommended for routine use in the general public due to safety concerns (http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/smallpox/vaccination). Safe and effective countermeasures, particularly those effective after exposure to smallpox, are needed. Currently, SIGA Technologies is developing the small-molecule oral drug, tecovirimat (previously known as ST-246), as a postexposure therapeutic treatment of orthopoxvirus disease, including smallpox. Tecovirimat has been shown to be efficacious in preventing lethal orthopoxviral disease in numerous animal models (G. Yang, D. C. Pevear, M. H. Davies, M. S. Collett, T. Bailey, et al., J. Virol. 79:13139-13149, 2005; D. C. Quenelle, R. M. Buller, S. Parker, K. A. Keith, D. E. Hruby, et al., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 51:689-695, 2007; E. Sbrana, R. Jordan, D. E. Hruby, R. I. Mateo, S. Y. Xiao, et al., Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 76:768-773, 2007). Furthermore, in clinical trials thus far, the drug appears to be safe, with a good pharmacokinetic profile. In this study, the efficacy of tecovirimat was evaluated in both a prelesional and postlesional setting in nonhuman primates challenged intravenously with 1 108 PFU of Variola virus (VARV; the causative agent of smallpox), a model for smallpox disease in humans. Following challenge, 50% of placebo-treated controls succumbed to infection, while all tecovirimat-treated animals survived regardless of whether treatment was started at 2 or 4 days postinfection. In addition, tecovirimat treatment resulted in dramatic reductions in dermal lesion counts, oropharyngeal virus shedding, and viral DNA circulating in the blood. Although clinical disease was evident in tecovirimat-treated animals, it was generally very mild and appeared to resolve earlier than in placebo-treated controls that survived infection. Tecovirimat appears to be an effective smallpox therapeutic in nonhuman primates, suggesting that it is reasonably likely to provide therapeutic benefit in smallpox-infected humans.
Naturally occurring smallpox has been eradicated but remains a considerable threat as a biowarfare/bioterrorist weapon (F. Fleck, Bull. World Health Organ. 81:917-918, 2003). While effective, the smallpox vaccine is currently not recommended for routine use in the general public due to safety concerns (http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/smallpox/vaccination). Safe and effective countermeasures, particularly those effective after exposure to smallpox, are needed. Currently, SIGA Technologies is developing the small-molecule oral drug, tecovirimat (previously known as ST-246), as a postexposure therapeutic treatment of orthopoxvirus disease, including smallpox. Tecovirimat has been shown to be efficacious in preventing lethal orthopoxviral disease in numerous animal models (G. Yang, D. C. Pevear, M. H. Davies, M. S. Collett, T. Bailey, et al., J. Virol. 79:13139-13149, 2005; D. C. Quenelle, R. M. Buller, S. Parker, K. A. Keith, D. E. Hruby, et al., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 51:689-695, 2007; E. Sbrana, R. Jordan, D. E. Hruby, R. I. Mateo, S. Y. Xiao, et al., Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 76:768-773, 2007). Furthermore, in clinical trials thus far, the drug appears to be safe, with a good pharmacokinetic profile. In this study, the efficacy of tecovirimat was evaluated in both a prelesional and postlesional setting in nonhuman primates challenged intravenously with 1 × 10(8) PFU of Variola virus (VARV; the causative agent of smallpox), a model for smallpox disease in humans. Following challenge, 50% of placebo-treated controls succumbed to infection, while all tecovirimat-treated animals survived regardless of whether treatment was started at 2 or 4 days postinfection. In addition, tecovirimat treatment resulted in dramatic reductions in dermal lesion counts, oropharyngeal virus shedding, and viral DNA circulating in the blood. Although clinical disease was evident in tecovirimat-treated animals, it was generally very mild and appeared to resolve earlier than in placebo-treated controls that survived infection. Tecovirimat appears to be an effective smallpox therapeutic in nonhuman primates, suggesting that it is reasonably likely to provide therapeutic benefit in smallpox-infected humans.
Naturally occurring smallpox has been eradicated but remains a considerable threat as a biowarfare/bioterrorist weapon (F. Fleck, Bull. World Health Organ. 81:917–918, 2003). While effective, the smallpox vaccine is currently not recommended for routine use in the general public due to safety concerns (http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/smallpox/vaccination). Safe and effective countermeasures, particularly those effective after exposure to smallpox, are needed. Currently, SIGA Technologies is developing the small-molecule oral drug, tecovirimat (previously known as ST-246), as a postexposure therapeutic treatment of orthopoxvirus disease, including smallpox. Tecovirimat has been shown to be efficacious in preventing lethal orthopoxviral disease in numerous animal models (G. Yang, D. C. Pevear, M. H. Davies, M. S. Collett, T. Bailey, et al., J. Virol. 79:13139–13149, 2005; D. C. Quenelle, R. M. Buller, S. Parker, K. A. Keith, D. E. Hruby, et al., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 51:689–695, 2007; E. Sbrana, R. Jordan, D. E. Hruby, R. I. Mateo, S. Y. Xiao, et al., Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 76:768–773, 2007). Furthermore, in clinical trials thus far, the drug appears to be safe, with a good pharmacokinetic profile. In this study, the efficacy of tecovirimat was evaluated in both a prelesional and postlesional setting in nonhuman primates challenged intravenously with 1 × 108 PFU of Variola virus (VARV; the causative agent of smallpox), a model for smallpox disease in humans. Following challenge, 50% of placebo-treated controls succumbed to infection, while all tecovirimat-treated animals survived regardless of whether treatment was started at 2 or 4 days postinfection. In addition, tecovirimat treatment resulted in dramatic reductions in dermal lesion counts, oropharyngeal virus shedding, and viral DNA circulating in the blood. Although clinical disease was evident in tecovirimat-treated animals, it was generally very mild and appeared to resolve earlier than in placebo-treated controls that survived infection. Tecovirimat appears to be an effective smallpox therapeutic in nonhuman primates, suggesting that it is reasonably likely to provide therapeutic benefit in smallpox-infected humans.
Author Paul Hudson
Victoria A. Olson
Nadia Gallardo
Darin Carroll
Eric M. Mucker
Jason M. Mehal
Arthur J. Goff
Cody J. Clemmons
Douglas W. Grosenbach
Dennis E. Hruby
Inger K. Damon
Joshua D. Shamblin
Robert C. Holman
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Issue 12
Keywords Virus
Infection
Chordopoxvirinae
Variola virus
Poxviridae
Orthopoxvirus
Treatment efficiency
Nonhuman primate
Tecovirimat
Benzamide derivatives
Antiviral
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PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2013-12-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 12
  year: 2013
  text: 2013-12-01
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2010
PublicationPlace Washington, DC
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Washington, DC
– name: United States
– name: 1752 N St., N.W., Washington, DC
PublicationTitle Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
PublicationTitleAbbrev Antimicrob Agents Chemother
PublicationTitleAlternate Antimicrob Agents Chemother
PublicationYear 2013
Publisher American Society for Microbiology
Publisher_xml – name: American Society for Microbiology
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Naturally occurring smallpox has been eradicated but remains a considerable threat as a biowarfare/bioterrorist weapon (F. Fleck, Bull. World Health Organ....
Naturally occurring smallpox has been eradicated but remains a considerable threat as a biowarfare/bioterrorist weapon (F. Fleck, Bull. World Health Organ. 81:...
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StartPage 6246
SubjectTerms Animal models
Animals
Antibiotics. Antiinfectious agents. Antiparasitic agents
Antiviral Agents
Antiviral Agents - administration & dosage
Antiviral Agents - therapeutic use
Benzamides
Benzamides - administration & dosage
Benzamides - therapeutic use
Biological and medical sciences
Isoindoles
Isoindoles - administration & dosage
Isoindoles - therapeutic use
Macaca
Male
Medical sciences
Orthopoxvirus
Pharmacology. Drug treatments
Poxviridae Infections
Poxviridae Infections - blood
Poxviridae Infections - drug therapy
Random Allocation
Treatment Outcome
Variola virus
Variola virus - drug effects
Variola virus - pathogenicity
Title Efficacy of Tecovirimat (ST-246) in Nonhuman Primates Infected with Variola Virus (Smallpox)
URI http://aac.asm.org/content/57/12/6246.abstract
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24100494
https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/AAC.00977-13
https://search.proquest.com/docview/1458503978
https://search.proquest.com/docview/1464506126
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC3837858
Volume 57
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