Global coastal wetland change under sea-level rise and related stresses: The DIVA Wetland Change Model

The Dynamic Interactive Vulnerability Assessment Wetland Change Model (DIVA_WCM) comprises a dataset of contemporary global coastal wetland stocks (estimated at 756×103km2 (in 2011)), mapped to a one-dimensional global database, and a model of the macro-scale controls on wetland response to sea-leve...

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Published inGlobal and planetary change Vol. 139; pp. 15 - 30
Main Authors Spencer, Thomas, Schuerch, Mark, Nicholls, Robert J., Hinkel, Jochen, Lincke, Daniel, Vafeidis, A.T., Reef, Ruth, McFadden, Loraine, Brown, Sally
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Elsevier B.V 01.04.2016
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Abstract The Dynamic Interactive Vulnerability Assessment Wetland Change Model (DIVA_WCM) comprises a dataset of contemporary global coastal wetland stocks (estimated at 756×103km2 (in 2011)), mapped to a one-dimensional global database, and a model of the macro-scale controls on wetland response to sea-level rise. Three key drivers of wetland response to sea-level rise are considered: 1) rate of sea-level rise relative to tidal range; 2) lateral accommodation space; and 3) sediment supply. The model is tuned by expert knowledge, parameterised with quantitative data where possible, and validated against mapping associated with two large-scale mangrove and saltmarsh vulnerability studies. It is applied across 12,148 coastal segments (mean length 85km) to the year 2100. The model provides better-informed macro-scale projections of likely patterns of future coastal wetland losses across a range of sea-level rise scenarios and varying assumptions about the construction of coastal dikes to prevent sea flooding (as dikes limit lateral accommodation space and cause coastal squeeze). With 50cm of sea-level rise by 2100, the model predicts a loss of 46–59% of global coastal wetland stocks. A global coastal wetland loss of 78% is estimated under high sea-level rise (110cm by 2100) accompanied by maximum dike construction. The primary driver for high vulnerability of coastal wetlands to sea-level rise is coastal squeeze, a consequence of long-term coastal protection strategies. Under low sea-level rise (29cm by 2100) losses do not exceed ca. 50% of the total stock, even for the same adverse dike construction assumptions. The model results confirm that the widespread paradigm that wetlands subject to a micro-tidal regime are likely to be more vulnerable to loss than macro-tidal environments. Countering these potential losses will require both climate mitigation (a global response) to minimise sea-level rise and maximisation of accommodation space and sediment supply (a regional response) on low-lying coasts. •Database identifies estimated (in 2011) 756×103km2 global coastal wetland stock.•With 50cm of sea-level rise by 2100, losses of 46–59% of global coastal wetlands•Under high sea-level rise (110cm by 2100), global wetland losses may reach 78%.•Under low sea-level rise, micro-tidal wetlands more vulnerable to loss•Wetland loss likely to be exacerbated by non-climate related, anthropogenic impacts
AbstractList The Dynamic Interactive Vulnerability Assessment Wetland Change Model (DIVA_WCM) comprises a dataset of contemporary global coastal wetland stocks (estimated at 756103 km2 (in 2011)), mapped to a one-dimensional global database, and a model of the macro-scale controls on wetland response to sea-level rise. Three key drivers of wetland response to sea-level rise are considered: 1) rate of sea-level rise relative to tidal range; 2) lateral accommodation space; and 3) sediment supply. The model is tuned by expert knowledge, parameterised with quantitative data where possible, and validated against mapping associated with two large-scale mangrove and saltmarsh vulnerability studies. It is applied across 12,148 coastal segments (mean length 85km) to the year 2100. The model provides better-informed macro-scale projections of likely patterns of future coastal wetland losses across a range of sea-level rise scenarios and varying assumptions about the construction of coastal dikes to prevent sea flooding (as dikes limit lateral accommodation space and cause coastal squeeze). With 50cm of sea-level rise by 2100, the model predicts a loss of 46-59% of global coastal wetland stocks. A global coastal wetland loss of 78% is estimated under high sea-level rise (110cm by 2100) accompanied by maximum dike construction. The primary driver for high vulnerability of coastal wetlands to sea-level rise is coastal squeeze, a consequence of long-term coastal protection strategies. Under low sea-level rise (29cm by 2100) losses do not exceed ca. 50% of the total stock, even for the same adverse dike construction assumptions. The model results confirm that the widespread paradigm that wetlands subject to a micro-tidal regime are likely to be more vulnerable to loss than macro-tidal environments. Countering these potential losses will require both climate mitigation (a global response) to minimise sea-level rise and maximisation of accommodation space and sediment supply (a regional response) on low-lying coasts.
The Dynamic Interactive Vulnerability Assessment Wetland Change Model (DIVA_WCM) comprises a dataset of contemporary global coastal wetland stocks (estimated at 756×103km2 (in 2011)), mapped to a one-dimensional global database, and a model of the macro-scale controls on wetland response to sea-level rise. Three key drivers of wetland response to sea-level rise are considered: 1) rate of sea-level rise relative to tidal range; 2) lateral accommodation space; and 3) sediment supply. The model is tuned by expert knowledge, parameterised with quantitative data where possible, and validated against mapping associated with two large-scale mangrove and saltmarsh vulnerability studies. It is applied across 12,148 coastal segments (mean length 85km) to the year 2100. The model provides better-informed macro-scale projections of likely patterns of future coastal wetland losses across a range of sea-level rise scenarios and varying assumptions about the construction of coastal dikes to prevent sea flooding (as dikes limit lateral accommodation space and cause coastal squeeze). With 50cm of sea-level rise by 2100, the model predicts a loss of 46–59% of global coastal wetland stocks. A global coastal wetland loss of 78% is estimated under high sea-level rise (110cm by 2100) accompanied by maximum dike construction. The primary driver for high vulnerability of coastal wetlands to sea-level rise is coastal squeeze, a consequence of long-term coastal protection strategies. Under low sea-level rise (29cm by 2100) losses do not exceed ca. 50% of the total stock, even for the same adverse dike construction assumptions. The model results confirm that the widespread paradigm that wetlands subject to a micro-tidal regime are likely to be more vulnerable to loss than macro-tidal environments. Countering these potential losses will require both climate mitigation (a global response) to minimise sea-level rise and maximisation of accommodation space and sediment supply (a regional response) on low-lying coasts. •Database identifies estimated (in 2011) 756×103km2 global coastal wetland stock.•With 50cm of sea-level rise by 2100, losses of 46–59% of global coastal wetlands•Under high sea-level rise (110cm by 2100), global wetland losses may reach 78%.•Under low sea-level rise, micro-tidal wetlands more vulnerable to loss•Wetland loss likely to be exacerbated by non-climate related, anthropogenic impacts
The Dynamic Interactive Vulnerability Assessment Wetland Change Model (DIVA_WCM) comprises a dataset of contemporary global coastal wetland stocks (estimated at 756×10³km² (in 2011)), mapped to a one-dimensional global database, and a model of the macro-scale controls on wetland response to sea-level rise. Three key drivers of wetland response to sea-level rise are considered: 1) rate of sea-level rise relative to tidal range; 2) lateral accommodation space; and 3) sediment supply. The model is tuned by expert knowledge, parameterised with quantitative data where possible, and validated against mapping associated with two large-scale mangrove and saltmarsh vulnerability studies. It is applied across 12,148 coastal segments (mean length 85km) to the year 2100. The model provides better-informed macro-scale projections of likely patterns of future coastal wetland losses across a range of sea-level rise scenarios and varying assumptions about the construction of coastal dikes to prevent sea flooding (as dikes limit lateral accommodation space and cause coastal squeeze). With 50cm of sea-level rise by 2100, the model predicts a loss of 46–59% of global coastal wetland stocks. A global coastal wetland loss of 78% is estimated under high sea-level rise (110cm by 2100) accompanied by maximum dike construction. The primary driver for high vulnerability of coastal wetlands to sea-level rise is coastal squeeze, a consequence of long-term coastal protection strategies. Under low sea-level rise (29cm by 2100) losses do not exceed ca. 50% of the total stock, even for the same adverse dike construction assumptions. The model results confirm that the widespread paradigm that wetlands subject to a micro-tidal regime are likely to be more vulnerable to loss than macro-tidal environments. Countering these potential losses will require both climate mitigation (a global response) to minimise sea-level rise and maximisation of accommodation space and sediment supply (a regional response) on low-lying coasts.
Author Schuerch, Mark
Hinkel, Jochen
Lincke, Daniel
Spencer, Thomas
McFadden, Loraine
Nicholls, Robert J.
Vafeidis, A.T.
Reef, Ruth
Brown, Sally
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Thomas
  surname: Spencer
  fullname: Spencer, Thomas
  email: ts111@cam.ac.uk
  organization: Cambridge Coastal Research Unit, Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, Cambridge CB2 3EN, UK
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Mark
  surname: Schuerch
  fullname: Schuerch, Mark
  organization: Geographisches Institut, Ludewig-Meyn-Str. 14, 24098 Kiel, Germany
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Robert J.
  surname: Nicholls
  fullname: Nicholls, Robert J.
  organization: Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Jochen
  surname: Hinkel
  fullname: Hinkel, Jochen
  organization: Global Climate Forum e.V. (GCF), Neue Promenade 6, 10178, Berlin, Germany
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Daniel
  surname: Lincke
  fullname: Lincke, Daniel
  organization: Global Climate Forum e.V. (GCF), Neue Promenade 6, 10178, Berlin, Germany
– sequence: 6
  givenname: A.T.
  surname: Vafeidis
  fullname: Vafeidis, A.T.
  organization: Geographisches Institut, Ludewig-Meyn-Str. 14, 24098 Kiel, Germany
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Ruth
  surname: Reef
  fullname: Reef, Ruth
  organization: Cambridge Coastal Research Unit, Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, Cambridge CB2 3EN, UK
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Loraine
  surname: McFadden
  fullname: McFadden, Loraine
  organization: Flood Hazard Research Centre, Middlesex University, The Burroughs Hendon, London NW4 4BT, UK
– sequence: 9
  givenname: Sally
  surname: Brown
  fullname: Brown, Sally
  organization: Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
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Snippet The Dynamic Interactive Vulnerability Assessment Wetland Change Model (DIVA_WCM) comprises a dataset of contemporary global coastal wetland stocks (estimated...
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SubjectTerms Accommodation
Accommodation space
climate
Coastal
coasts
Construction
data collection
Dikes
expert opinion
Marine
Mathematical models
Raw materials
salt marshes
sea level
Sea-level rise
Sediments
Tidal wetlands
Wetland loss
Wetland transitions
Wetland vulnerability
Wetlands
Title Global coastal wetland change under sea-level rise and related stresses: The DIVA Wetland Change Model
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2015.12.018
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1785245763
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