Mechanism of Selective Ion Removal in Membrane Capacitive Deionization for Water Softening
Capacitive deionization (CDI) is an emerging technology capable of selective removal of ions from water. While many studies have reported chemically tailored electrodes for selective ion removal, the selective removal of divalent cations (i.e., hardness) over monovalent cations can simply be achieve...
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| Published in | Environmental science & technology Vol. 53; no. 10; pp. 5797 - 5804 |
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| Main Authors | , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
American Chemical Society
21.05.2019
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Capacitive deionization (CDI) is an emerging technology capable of selective removal of ions from water. While many studies have reported chemically tailored electrodes for selective ion removal, the selective removal of divalent cations (i.e., hardness) over monovalent cations can simply be achieved using membrane CDI (MCDI) equipped with ion exchange membranes (IEMs). In this study, we use both experimental and modeling approaches to systematically investigate the selective removal of Ca2+ over Na+. Specifically, the impacts of current density, hydraulic retention time, and feed composition on the selectivity of Ca2+ over Na+ were investigated. The results from our study suggest a universal correlation between the ratio of molar fluxes and the ratio of spacer channel ion concentrations, regardless of operating conditions and feed composition. Our analysis also reveals inherent and universal trade-off relationships between selectivity and the Ca2+ removal rate and between selectivity and the degree of Ca2+ removal. This fundamental understanding of the mechanism of selective ion removal in MCDI can also be applied to flow-electrode CDI processes that employ IEMs. |
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| AbstractList | Capacitive deionization (CDI) is an emerging technology capable of selective removal of ions from water. While many studies have reported chemically tailored electrodes for selective ion removal, the selective removal of divalent cations (i.e., hardness) over monovalent cations can simply be achieved using membrane CDI (MCDI) equipped with ion exchange membranes (IEMs). In this study, we use both experimental and modeling approaches to systematically investigate the selective removal of Ca2+ over Na+. Specifically, the impacts of current density, hydraulic retention time, and feed composition on the selectivity of Ca2+ over Na+ were investigated. The results from our study suggest a universal correlation between the ratio of molar fluxes and the ratio of spacer channel ion concentrations, regardless of operating conditions and feed composition. Our analysis also reveals inherent and universal trade-off relationships between selectivity and the Ca2+ removal rate and between selectivity and the degree of Ca2+ removal. This fundamental understanding of the mechanism of selective ion removal in MCDI can also be applied to flow-electrode CDI processes that employ IEMs. Capacitive deionization (CDI) is an emerging technology capable of selective removal of ions from water. While many studies have reported chemically tailored electrodes for selective ion removal, the selective removal of divalent cations (i.e., hardness) over monovalent cations can simply be achieved using membrane CDI (MCDI) equipped with ion exchange membranes (IEMs). In this study, we use both experimental and modeling approaches to systematically investigate the selective removal of Ca over Na . Specifically, the impacts of current density, hydraulic retention time, and feed composition on the selectivity of Ca over Na were investigated. The results from our study suggest a universal correlation between the ratio of molar fluxes and the ratio of spacer channel ion concentrations, regardless of operating conditions and feed composition. Our analysis also reveals inherent and universal trade-off relationships between selectivity and the Ca removal rate and between selectivity and the degree of Ca removal. This fundamental understanding of the mechanism of selective ion removal in MCDI can also be applied to flow-electrode CDI processes that employ IEMs. Capacitive deionization (CDI) is an emerging technology capable of selective removal of ions from water. While many studies have reported chemically tailored electrodes for selective ion removal, the selective removal of divalent cations (i.e., hardness) over monovalent cations can simply be achieved using membrane CDI (MCDI) equipped with ion exchange membranes (IEMs). In this study, we use both experimental and modeling approaches to systematically investigate the selective removal of Ca²⁺ over Na⁺. Specifically, the impacts of current density, hydraulic retention time, and feed composition on the selectivity of Ca²⁺ over Na⁺ were investigated. The results from our study suggest a universal correlation between the ratio of molar fluxes and the ratio of spacer channel ion concentrations, regardless of operating conditions and feed composition. Our analysis also reveals inherent and universal trade-off relationships between selectivity and the Ca²⁺ removal rate and between selectivity and the degree of Ca²⁺ removal. This fundamental understanding of the mechanism of selective ion removal in MCDI can also be applied to flow-electrode CDI processes that employ IEMs. Capacitive deionization (CDI) is an emerging technology capable of selective removal of ions from water. While many studies have reported chemically tailored electrodes for selective ion removal, the selective removal of divalent cations (i.e., hardness) over monovalent cations can simply be achieved using membrane CDI (MCDI) equipped with ion exchange membranes (IEMs). In this study, we use both experimental and modeling approaches to systematically investigate the selective removal of Ca2+ over Na+. Specifically, the impacts of current density, hydraulic retention time, and feed composition on the selectivity of Ca2+ over Na+ were investigated. The results from our study suggest a universal correlation between the ratio of molar fluxes and the ratio of spacer channel ion concentrations, regardless of operating conditions and feed composition. Our analysis also reveals inherent and universal trade-off relationships between selectivity and the Ca2+ removal rate and between selectivity and the degree of Ca2+ removal. This fundamental understanding of the mechanism of selective ion removal in MCDI can also be applied to flow-electrode CDI processes that employ IEMs.Capacitive deionization (CDI) is an emerging technology capable of selective removal of ions from water. While many studies have reported chemically tailored electrodes for selective ion removal, the selective removal of divalent cations (i.e., hardness) over monovalent cations can simply be achieved using membrane CDI (MCDI) equipped with ion exchange membranes (IEMs). In this study, we use both experimental and modeling approaches to systematically investigate the selective removal of Ca2+ over Na+. Specifically, the impacts of current density, hydraulic retention time, and feed composition on the selectivity of Ca2+ over Na+ were investigated. The results from our study suggest a universal correlation between the ratio of molar fluxes and the ratio of spacer channel ion concentrations, regardless of operating conditions and feed composition. Our analysis also reveals inherent and universal trade-off relationships between selectivity and the Ca2+ removal rate and between selectivity and the degree of Ca2+ removal. This fundamental understanding of the mechanism of selective ion removal in MCDI can also be applied to flow-electrode CDI processes that employ IEMs. |
| Author | Lin, Shihong Wang, Li |
| AuthorAffiliation | Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Vanderbilt University Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering – name: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering – name: Vanderbilt University |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Li orcidid: 0000-0002-5542-6696 surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Li organization: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering – sequence: 2 givenname: Shihong orcidid: 0000-0001-9832-9127 surname: Lin fullname: Lin, Shihong email: shihong.lin@vanderbilt.edu organization: Vanderbilt University |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31013430$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Snippet | Capacitive deionization (CDI) is an emerging technology capable of selective removal of ions from water. While many studies have reported chemically tailored... |
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| SubjectTerms | Calcium Calcium ions Cations Composition Correlation analysis Deionization Divalent cations Electrodes Feed composition Fluxes hardness Hydraulic retention time Ion exchange ion-exchange membranes Membranes New technology Organic chemistry Retention time Selectivity Sodium Water softening Water treatment |
| Title | Mechanism of Selective Ion Removal in Membrane Capacitive Deionization for Water Softening |
| URI | http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b00655 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31013430 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2231983690 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2213928480 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2271803849 |
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