An Index-Based Approach to Assessing Recalcitrance and Soil Carbon Sequestration Potential of Engineered Black Carbons (Biochars)
The ability of engineered black carbons (or biochars) to resist abiotic and, or biotic degradation (herein referred to as recalcitrance) is crucial to their successful deployment as a soil carbon sequestration strategy. A new recalcitrance index, the R 50, for assessing biochar quality for carbon se...
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| Published in | Environmental science & technology Vol. 46; no. 3; pp. 1415 - 1421 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Washington, DC
American Chemical Society
07.02.2012
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | The ability of engineered black carbons (or biochars) to resist abiotic and, or biotic degradation (herein referred to as recalcitrance) is crucial to their successful deployment as a soil carbon sequestration strategy. A new recalcitrance index, the R 50, for assessing biochar quality for carbon sequestration is proposed. The R 50 is based on the relative thermal stability of a given biochar to that of graphite and was developed and evaluated with a variety of biochars (n = 59), and soot-like black carbons. Comparison of R 50, with biochar physicochemical properties and biochar-C mineralization revealed the existence of a quantifiable relationship between R 50 and biochar recalcitrance. As presented here, the R 50 is immediately applicable to pre-land application screening of biochars into Class A (R 50 ≥ 0.70), Class B (0.50 ≤ R 50 < 0.70) or Class C (R 50 < 0.50) recalcitrance/carbon sequestration classes. Class A and Class C biochars would have carbon sequestration potential comparable to soot/graphite and uncharred plant biomass, respectively, whereas Class B biochars would have intermediate carbon sequestration potential. We believe that the coupling of the R 50 , to an index-based degradation, and an economic model could provide a suitable framework in which to comprehensively assess soil carbon sequestration in biochars. |
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| AbstractList | The ability of engineered black carbons (or biochars) to resist abiotic and, or biotic degradation (herein referred to as recalcitrance) is crucial to their successful deployment as a soil carbon sequestration strategy. A new recalcitrance index, the R 50, for assessing biochar quality for carbon sequestration is proposed. The R 50 is based on the relative thermal stability of a given biochar to that of graphite and was developed and evaluated with a variety of biochars (n = 59), and soot-like black carbons. Comparison of R 50, with biochar physicochemical properties and biochar-C mineralization revealed the existence of a quantifiable relationship between R 50 and biochar recalcitrance. As presented here, the R 50 is immediately applicable to pre-land application screening of biochars into Class A (R 50 ≥ 0.70), Class B (0.50 ≤ R 50 < 0.70) or Class C (R 50 < 0.50) recalcitrance/carbon sequestration classes. Class A and Class C biochars would have carbon sequestration potential comparable to soot/graphite and uncharred plant biomass, respectively, whereas Class B biochars would have intermediate carbon sequestration potential. We believe that the coupling of the R 50 , to an index-based degradation, and an economic model could provide a suitable framework in which to comprehensively assess soil carbon sequestration in biochars. The ability of engineered black carbons (or biochars) to resist abiotic and, or biotic degradation (herein referred to as recalcitrance) is crucial to their successful deployment as a soil carbon sequestration strategy. A new recalcitrance index, the R{sub 50}, for assessing biochar quality for carbon sequestration is proposed. The R{sub 50} is based on the relative thermal stability of a given biochar to that of graphite and was developed and evaluated with a variety of biochars (n = 59), and soot-like black carbons. Comparison of R{sub 50}, with biochar physicochemical properties and biochar-C mineralization revealed the existence of a quantifiable relationship between R{sub 50} and biochar recalcitrance. As presented here, the R{sub 50} is immediately applicable to pre-land application screening of biochars into Class A (R{sub 50} {>=} 0.70), Class B (0.50 {<=} R{sub 50} < 0.70) or Class C (R{sub 50} < 0.50) recalcitrance/carbon sequestration classes. Class A and Class C biochars would have carbon sequestration potential comparable to soot/graphite and uncharred plant biomass, respectively, while Class B biochars would have intermediate carbon sequestration potential. We believe that the coupling of the R{sub 50}, to an index-based degradation, and an economic model could provide a suitable framework in which to comprehensively assess soil carbon sequestration in biochars. The ability of engineered black carbons (or biochars) to resist abiotic and, or biotic degradation (herein referred to as recalcitrance) is crucial to their successful deployment as a soil carbon sequestration strategy. A new recalcitrance index, the R(50), for assessing biochar quality for carbon sequestration is proposed. The R(50) is based on the relative thermal stability of a given biochar to that of graphite and was developed and evaluated with a variety of biochars (n = 59), and soot-like black carbons. Comparison of R(50), with biochar physicochemical properties and biochar-C mineralization revealed the existence of a quantifiable relationship between R(50) and biochar recalcitrance. As presented here, the R(50) is immediately applicable to pre-land application screening of biochars into Class A (R(50) ≥ 0.70), Class B (0.50 ≤ R(50) < 0.70) or Class C (R(50) < 0.50) recalcitrance/carbon sequestration classes. Class A and Class C biochars would have carbon sequestration potential comparable to soot/graphite and uncharred plant biomass, respectively, whereas Class B biochars would have intermediate carbon sequestration potential. We believe that the coupling of the R(50), to an index-based degradation, and an economic model could provide a suitable framework in which to comprehensively assess soil carbon sequestration in biochars.The ability of engineered black carbons (or biochars) to resist abiotic and, or biotic degradation (herein referred to as recalcitrance) is crucial to their successful deployment as a soil carbon sequestration strategy. A new recalcitrance index, the R(50), for assessing biochar quality for carbon sequestration is proposed. The R(50) is based on the relative thermal stability of a given biochar to that of graphite and was developed and evaluated with a variety of biochars (n = 59), and soot-like black carbons. Comparison of R(50), with biochar physicochemical properties and biochar-C mineralization revealed the existence of a quantifiable relationship between R(50) and biochar recalcitrance. As presented here, the R(50) is immediately applicable to pre-land application screening of biochars into Class A (R(50) ≥ 0.70), Class B (0.50 ≤ R(50) < 0.70) or Class C (R(50) < 0.50) recalcitrance/carbon sequestration classes. Class A and Class C biochars would have carbon sequestration potential comparable to soot/graphite and uncharred plant biomass, respectively, whereas Class B biochars would have intermediate carbon sequestration potential. We believe that the coupling of the R(50), to an index-based degradation, and an economic model could provide a suitable framework in which to comprehensively assess soil carbon sequestration in biochars. The ability of engineered black carbons (or biochars) to resist abiotic and, or biotic degradation (herein referred to as recalcitrance) is crucial to their successful deployment as a soil carbon sequestration strategy. A new recalcitrance index, the R₅₀, for assessing biochar quality for carbon sequestration is proposed. The R₅₀ is based on the relative thermal stability of a given biochar to that of graphite and was developed and evaluated with a variety of biochars (n = 59), and soot-like black carbons. Comparison of R₅₀, with biochar physicochemical properties and biochar-C mineralization revealed the existence of a quantifiable relationship between R₅₀ and biochar recalcitrance. As presented here, the R₅₀ is immediately applicable to pre-land application screening of biochars into Class A (R₅₀ ≥ 0.70), Class B (0.50 ≤ R₅₀ < 0.70) or Class C (R₅₀ < 0.50) recalcitrance/carbon sequestration classes. Class A and Class C biochars would have carbon sequestration potential comparable to soot/graphite and uncharred plant biomass, respectively, whereas Class B biochars would have intermediate carbon sequestration potential. We believe that the coupling of the R₅₀, to an index-based degradation, and an economic model could provide a suitable framework in which to comprehensively assess soil carbon sequestration in biochars. The ability of engineered black carbons (or biochars) to resist abiotic and, or biotic degradation (herein referred to as recalcitrance) is crucial to their successful deployment as a soil carbon sequestration strategy. A new recalcitrance index, the ..., for assessing biochar quality for carbon sequestration is proposed. The ... is based on the relative thermal stability of a given biochar to that of graphite and was developed and evaluated with a variety of biochars (n = 59), and soot-like black carbons. Comparison of ..., with biochar physicochemical properties and biochar-C mineralization revealed the existence of a quantifiable relationship between R50 and biochar recalcitrance. As presented here, the ... is immediately applicable to pre-land application screening of biochars into Class A (... ≥ 0.70), Class B (0.50 ≤ ... < 0.70) or Class C (... < 0.50) recalcitrance/carbon sequestration classes. Class A and Class C biochars would have carbon sequestration potential comparable to soot/graphite and uncharred plant biomass, respectively, whereas Class B biochars would have intermediate carbon sequestration potential. We believe that the coupling of the ..., to an index-based degradation, and an economic model could provide a suitable framework in which to comprehensively assess soil carbon sequestration in biochars. (ProQuest: ... denotes formulae/symbols omitted.) |
| Author | Harvey, Omar R Amonette, James E Herbert, Bruce E Kuo, Li-Jung Zimmerman, Andrew R Louchouarn, Patrick |
| AuthorAffiliation | Texas A&M University at Galveston University of Florida Texas A&M University System Texas A&M University Pacific Northwest National Laboratory |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: Texas A&M University at Galveston – name: Texas A&M University System – name: Texas A&M University – name: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory – name: University of Florida |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Omar R surname: Harvey fullname: Harvey, Omar R email: Omar.Harvey@pnnl.gov – sequence: 2 givenname: Li-Jung surname: Kuo fullname: Kuo, Li-Jung – sequence: 3 givenname: Andrew R surname: Zimmerman fullname: Zimmerman, Andrew R – sequence: 4 givenname: Patrick surname: Louchouarn fullname: Louchouarn, Patrick – sequence: 5 givenname: James E surname: Amonette fullname: Amonette, James E – sequence: 6 givenname: Bruce E surname: Herbert fullname: Herbert, Bruce E |
| BackLink | http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=25630572$$DView record in Pascal Francis https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22242866$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1034967$$D View this record in Osti.gov |
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| Snippet | The ability of engineered black carbons (or biochars) to resist abiotic and, or biotic degradation (herein referred to as recalcitrance) is crucial to their... |
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| SubjectTerms | 09 BIOMASS FUELS biochar Biodegradation BIOMASS Carbon - chemistry CARBON SEQUESTRATION Charcoal - chemistry Charcoal - classification Chemical compounds Climatology. Bioclimatology. Climate change Earth, ocean, space econometric models ECONOMICS Environmental Restoration and Remediation - methods Exact sciences and technology External geophysics graphene GRAPHITE Meteorology MINERALIZATION Models, Chemical Models, Economic Physical properties physicochemical properties phytomass screening Soil - chemistry SOILS soot STABILITY Temperature Thermogravimetry |
| Title | An Index-Based Approach to Assessing Recalcitrance and Soil Carbon Sequestration Potential of Engineered Black Carbons (Biochars) |
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