Using TDR and inverse modeling to characterize solute transport in a layered agricultural volcanic soil

• Published in: Vadose zone journal Vol. 4; no. 2; pp. 300 - 309
• Main Authors: Ritter, A, Munoz-Carpena, R, Regalado, C.M, Javaux, M, Vanclooster, M
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Madison Soil Science Society of America 01.05.2005; Soil Science Society
• Subjects: adsorption; agricultural soils; agriculture; aluminum; aluminum oxyhydroxides; Andisols; anion exchange; Atlantic Ocean Islands; breakthrough curves; bromide ion; bromides; bromine; Canary Islands; characterization; chemical dispersion; convection; electrical methods; Environmental geology; field studies; geochemistry; geophysical methods; ground water; halogens; inverse modeling; inverse problem; ion exchange; iron; iron oxyhydroxides; layered materials; layered soils; mathematical models; minerals; miscible displacement; mobility; numerical models; oxide, hydroxide, and oxyhydroxide minerals; physicochemical properties; pollution; quantitative analysis; reactivity; simulation models; soil solution; soil transport processes; soil water; soils; solute transport; solutes; statistical analysis; TDR data; Tenerife; terraces; time domain reflectometry; tracers; unsaturated zone; vadose zone; variable charge; volcanic soils; water pollution
• DOI: 10.2136/vzj2004.0094
• ISSN: 1539-1663

Volcanic soils exhibit particular physical-chemical properties (i.e., strong and stable natural aggregation and high content of variable-charge minerals) that may influence solute transport. To determine if such techniques like TDR and inverse modeling are useful for analyzing solute transport in volcanic soils, we studied the governing transport processes by means of a miscible displacement experiment of Br ̄in a large undisturbed soil monolith. Bromide resident concentrations at several depths were monitored successfully with TDR technology, while parameters for the convective-dispersive (CDE) and mobile-immobile (MIM) transport models were estimated by inverse modeling. For the relatively high soil moisture conditions, typical of high frequency-irrigation systems that we considered, Br ̄was found to move slowly by convection-dispersion. Simulations with the CDE and MIM transport models yielded very similar results. Although Br ̄is generally assumed to behave as a tracer, we found that this anion in our experiment was subject to adsorption at the bottom part of the monolith. This may be explained by the variable-charge nature of the minerals (Fe and Al oxihydroxides) present in this volcanic soil, which exhibited anion exchange when the pH of the soil solution decreased below the zero point of charge.