Gender equity in junior and senior secondary education in Sub-Saharan Africa

Evidence of gender inequity and inequality in terms of access, retention and performance in secondary education in Sub-Saharan Africa raises many questions. While transition rates from primary to secondary are higher for girls than boys, and the repetition rates are lower, girls still significantly...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author	World Bank, World
Format	eBook Book Publication
Language	English
Published	Washington, DC World Bank 2008 World Bank Publications The World Bank Washington, DC : World Bank
Edition	1
Series	World Bank working paper
Subjects	ABSENTEEISM ACADEMIC YEAR ACCESS TO EDUCATION ACCESS TO SCHOOLING ACCESS TO SECONDARY EDUCATION ACCESSIBILITY OF SCHOOLS ACHIEVING GENDER EQUALITY ADOLESCENT GIRLS ADOLESCENTS ADULTS Africa, Sub-Saharan Allgemein bildende Schule Allgemeinbildende Schule ALTERNATIVE EDUCATION APPROACHES TO EDUCATION Arbeitspapier ATTENDANCE RATES BASIC EDUCATION BASIC HUMAN RIGHT Bildungswesen CITIZENS COMPLETION RATE COMPLETION RATES CONTEXTUAL FACTORS DEMOCRACY DISCRIMINATION DISSEMINATION DROPOUT DROPOUT RATES EARLY MARRIAGES EARLY PREGNANCY ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC POLICIES Education EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT EDUCATION FOR ALL EDUCATION FOR DEVELOPMENT EDUCATION FOR GIRLS EDUCATION OUTCOMES EDUCATION POLICY EDUCATION SECTOR EDUCATION SYSTEM EDUCATION SYSTEMS Education, Secondary EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT EDUCATIONAL EXPENDITURES EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES EDUCATIONAL POLICIES EDUCATIONAL POLICY EDUCATIONAL QUALITY EDUCATORS ELIMINATING GENDER DISPARITIES ENROLLMENT INCREASES ENROLLMENT RATES ENROLLMENT RATES FOR GIRLS ENROLLMENT RATIOS EQUAL ACCESS EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EQUAL PARTICIPATION Equality EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY EQUITABLE ACCESS Equity FEMALE ENROLLMENT FEMALE PARTICIPATION FEMALE TEACHERS FINAL GRADE FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS FIRST GRADE GENDER AWARENESS GENDER DIFFERENCES GENDER DISPARITIES GENDER DISPARITY GENDER EQUALITY IN EDUCATION GENDER EQUITY GENDER GAP GENDER INEQUALITIES GENDER INEQUALITY GENDER INEQUITY GENDER PARITY GENDER PARITY INDEX GENDER PARTICIPATION GENDER SENSITIVE GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATION GER Geschlecht Girls GLOBAL EDUCATION GOOD GOVERNANCE GRADE REPETITION GROSS ENROLLMENT GROSS ENROLLMENT RATE GROSS ENROLLMENT RATIO HIGH SCHOOL HIGHER EDUCATION HIGHER REPETITION HIV HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INCENTIVES FOR GIRLS INDUSTRIAL TRAINING INTAKE RATES INTERVENTIONS INVESTMENT IN EDUCATION JUNIOR SECONDARY JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL LEVEL LABOR MARKETS LEADERSHIP LEARNERS LEARNING LEARNING ENVIRONMENT LEARNING OUTCOMES LEGAL STATUS LEVEL OF EDUCATION LEVEL OF LITERACY LEVELS OF EDUCATION LIFE SKILLS LOWER SECONDARY EDUCATION LOWER SECONDARY LEVEL MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS MINISTRY OF EDUCATION NATIONAL LEVEL NER NET ENROLLMENT NET ENROLLMENT RATE NET ENROLLMENT RATIO NEW ENTRANTS NUMBER OF PUPILS ORPHANS PARTICIPATION IN EDUCATION PARTICIPATION OF GIRLS PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN PARTICIPATION RATES PERFORMANCE IN MATHEMATICS POLICY FORMULATION POLITICAL INSTABILITY POPULATION GROWTH POST-PRIMARY EDUCATION POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY PREGNANCIES PRIMARY COMPLETION PRIMARY CYCLE PRIMARY ENROLLMENT PRIMARY GRADE PRIMARY GRADUATE PRIMARY GROSS ENROLLMENT PRIMARY GROSS ENROLLMENT RATIOS PRIMARY LEVEL PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOL CYCLE PRIMARY SCHOOL ENROLLMENT PRIMARY SCHOOLING PRIMARY TEACHERS PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS PROGRESS PUPILS PER TEACHER PUPILTEACHER RATIO QUALITY EDUCATION QUALITY OF EDUCATION QUALITY OF EDUCATION PROGRAMS QUALITY PRIMARY EDUCATION RE-ENTRY REPETITION RATES RESPECT RURAL AREAS SCHOOL AGE SCHOOL AGE POPULATION SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SCHOOL CAREER SCHOOL ENROLLMENT SCHOOL ENROLLMENTS SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT SCHOOL FEES SCHOOL LEAVING EXAMINATION SCHOOL LEVELS SCHOOL PARTICIPATION SCHOOLING SCHOOLS SCIENCE SUBJECTS SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOLING SECONDARY SCHOOLS SERVICE DELIVERY SEX Sex differences in education SEXUAL ABUSE SEXUAL HARASSMENT SEXUAL VIOLENCE SKILL DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL PROGRESS SOCIAL RELATIONS SOCIAL SECTORS STATE POLICY Sub-Saharan Africa Subsahara-Afrika Südliches Afrika TEACHER TEACHER ASSESSMENT TEACHERS TEACHING TERTIARY EDUCATION TEXTBOOKS TRADITIONAL VALUES UNIVERSAL PRIMARY COMPLETION UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION UPE VIOLENCE AGAINST GIRLS VOCATIONAL EDUCATION VOCATIONAL TRAINING WOMEN EDUCATIONALISTS YOUNG PEOPLE YOUTH Sub-Saharan Africa LOWER SECONDARY EDUCATION FEMALE PARTICIPATION VIOLENCE AGAINST GIRLS PRIMARY COMPLETION SCHOOLING SECONDARY EDUCATION SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT GENDER EQUITY PARTICIPATION OF GIRLS GENDER DISPARITY
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ISBN	9780821375051 9780821375059 0821375059 9780821375068 0821375067
DOI	10.1596/978-0-8213-7505-1

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Table of Contents:

Table 5. Subject Enrollment for the Malawi Secondary School Leaving Examination, by Gender -- Table 6. Reasons for the Low Participation of Girls in Science,Maths, and Technological Subjects in Ghana -- Table 7. National Open Apprenticeship Scheme, Edo State, Nigeria -- Table 8. Manazini Industrial Training Center Enrollment, 1990/91, Swaziland -- Table 9. Final Baccalauréate (Senior High School) Results in TVE in Burkina Faso (1992) -- Table 10. Details of Performance by Subject Area-High School Results in TVE in Burkina Faso (1992) -- Table 11. Factors Affecting Disparities in Secondary Education -- Table 12. A Summary of Obstacles and Possible Strategies for Overcoming Them -- Table 13. A National Vision for Girls' Education in Ghana: Gender Targets Set by the Girls' Education Unit, 2001 -- Table 14. Female Participation Rates at Various Level of Education: 1998/90-2000/01 -- Table 15. MOE/GEU Interventions in Girls' Education -- Table 16. Gender Activities by Development Partners -- Table 17. FAWE Pilot Centres of Excellence at a Glance -- Table 18. Costs of the Centres of Excellence -- Box 1. Summary of Factors Affecting Disparities in Secondary Education -- Box 2. EFA and MDG Goals Related to Secondary Education for Girls
Intro -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations and Acronyms -- Executive Summary -- Résumé Analytique -- Introduction -- Objectives of the Study -- Scope and Content -- Constraints of the Study -- The Global and Regional Context -- The Essence of Adolescence -- 1. Participation in Secondary Education in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Global Picture -- EFA and Secondary Education -- Definition of Terms -- Gender Equity and Education -- Secondary Education in SSA -- Primary Completion and the Transition to Lower Secondary Education -- Gender Disparity in Secondary Education: A Widening Gap -- 2. Factors Affecting the Participation of Girls in Secondary Education -- Economic Policies, Growth, and Development -- Equity, Financial Measures, and Good Governance -- Making Girls' Schooling Affordable: The Impact of Fees -- The Bottleneck Effect -- The School Environment -- Sociocultural Barriers -- Violence against Girls -- The Unreached -- Summary of Factors -- 3. Promotion of Female Participation in Secondary Education -- Two Policy Challenges -- State Policy and the Promotion of Female Participation Secondary Education -- 4. Institutions Addressing the Issue of Secondary Education -- CAMFED -- The Role of Civil Society: The FAWE Approach -- FAWE Centres of Excellence:Making the Case for the Holistic Approach -- Challenges of the COE Concept -- 5. Concluding Observations -- Quality Factor -- Importance of Intersectoral Approaches -- Involvement of Students -- Expanding Opportunities -- Taking Best Practices to Scale -- References -- Table 1. GER at Junior Secondary School Level in Senegal, 2000 -- Table 2. Trends in Basic or Proxy Indicators to Measure EFA Goals 4 and 5 -- Table 3. Share of Children 15-19 Who Have Completed Primary School, by Gender (percent) -- Table 4. General Performance in Mathematics in Tanzania, 2000