Omicron: What Makes the Latest SARS-CoV-2 Variant of Concern So Concerning?

Emerging strains of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, that show increased transmission fitness and/or immune evasion are classified as “variants of concern” (VOCs). Recently, a SARS-CoV-2 variant fir...

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Published inJournal of virology Vol. 96; no. 6; p. e0207721
Main Authors Jung, Christoph, Kmiec, Dorota, Koepke, Lennart, Zech, Fabian, Jacob, Timo, Sparrer, Konstantin M. J., Kirchhoff, Frank
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States American Society for Microbiology 23.03.2022
Subjects
COVID-19 - immunology
COVID-19 - virology
Gem
Genome, Viral
Humans
Immune Evasion
Mutation
SARS-CoV-2 - genetics
SARS-CoV-2 - immunology
SARS-CoV-2 - pathogenicity
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - metabolism
Virology
COVID-19
Spike
SARS-CoV-2
variants of concern
Omicron
BA.1
BA.2
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Abstract Emerging strains of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, that show increased transmission fitness and/or immune evasion are classified as “variants of concern” (VOCs). Recently, a SARS-CoV-2 variant first identified in November 2021 in South Africa has been recognized as a fifth VOC, termed “Omicron.” What makes this VOC so alarming is the high number of changes, especially in the viral Spike protein, and accumulating evidence for increased transmission efficiency and escape from neutralizing antibodies. Emerging strains of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, that show increased transmission fitness and/or immune evasion are classified as “variants of concern” (VOCs). Recently, a SARS-CoV-2 variant first identified in November 2021 in South Africa has been recognized as a fifth VOC, termed “Omicron.” What makes this VOC so alarming is the high number of changes, especially in the viral Spike protein, and accumulating evidence for increased transmission efficiency and escape from neutralizing antibodies. In an amazingly short time, the Omicron VOC has outcompeted the previously dominating Delta VOC. However, it seems that the Omicron VOC is overall less pathogenic than other SARS-CoV-2 VOCs. Here, we provide an overview of the mutations in the Omicron genome and the resulting changes in viral proteins compared to other SARS-CoV-2 strains and discuss their potential functional consequences.
AbstractList Emerging strains of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, that show increased transmission fitness and/or immune evasion are classified as "variants of concern" (VOCs). Recently, a SARS-CoV-2 variant first identified in November 2021 in South Africa has been recognized as a fifth VOC, termed "Omicron." What makes this VOC so alarming is the high number of changes, especially in the viral Spike protein, and accumulating evidence for increased transmission efficiency and escape from neutralizing antibodies. In an amazingly short time, the Omicron VOC has outcompeted the previously dominating Delta VOC. However, it seems that the Omicron VOC is overall less pathogenic than other SARS-CoV-2 VOCs. Here, we provide an overview of the mutations in the Omicron genome and the resulting changes in viral proteins compared to other SARS-CoV-2 strains and discuss their potential functional consequences.Emerging strains of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, that show increased transmission fitness and/or immune evasion are classified as "variants of concern" (VOCs). Recently, a SARS-CoV-2 variant first identified in November 2021 in South Africa has been recognized as a fifth VOC, termed "Omicron." What makes this VOC so alarming is the high number of changes, especially in the viral Spike protein, and accumulating evidence for increased transmission efficiency and escape from neutralizing antibodies. In an amazingly short time, the Omicron VOC has outcompeted the previously dominating Delta VOC. However, it seems that the Omicron VOC is overall less pathogenic than other SARS-CoV-2 VOCs. Here, we provide an overview of the mutations in the Omicron genome and the resulting changes in viral proteins compared to other SARS-CoV-2 strains and discuss their potential functional consequences.
Emerging strains of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, that show increased transmission fitness and/or immune evasion are classified as "variants of concern" (VOCs). Recently, a SARS-CoV-2 variant first identified in November 2021 in South Africa has been recognized as a fifth VOC, termed "Omicron." What makes this VOC so alarming is the high number of changes, especially in the viral Spike protein, and accumulating evidence for increased transmission efficiency and escape from neutralizing antibodies. In an amazingly short time, the Omicron VOC has outcompeted the previously dominating Delta VOC. However, it seems that the Omicron VOC is overall less pathogenic than other SARS-CoV-2 VOCs. Here, we provide an overview of the mutations in the Omicron genome and the resulting changes in viral proteins compared to other SARS-CoV-2 strains and discuss their potential functional consequences.
Emerging strains of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, that show increased transmission fitness and/or immune evasion are classified as “variants of concern” (VOCs). Recently, a SARS-CoV-2 variant first identified in November 2021 in South Africa has been recognized as a fifth VOC, termed “Omicron.” What makes this VOC so alarming is the high number of changes, especially in the viral Spike protein, and accumulating evidence for increased transmission efficiency and escape from neutralizing antibodies. Emerging strains of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, that show increased transmission fitness and/or immune evasion are classified as “variants of concern” (VOCs). Recently, a SARS-CoV-2 variant first identified in November 2021 in South Africa has been recognized as a fifth VOC, termed “Omicron.” What makes this VOC so alarming is the high number of changes, especially in the viral Spike protein, and accumulating evidence for increased transmission efficiency and escape from neutralizing antibodies. In an amazingly short time, the Omicron VOC has outcompeted the previously dominating Delta VOC. However, it seems that the Omicron VOC is overall less pathogenic than other SARS-CoV-2 VOCs. Here, we provide an overview of the mutations in the Omicron genome and the resulting changes in viral proteins compared to other SARS-CoV-2 strains and discuss their potential functional consequences.
Author Kirchhoff, Frank
Jacob, Timo
Sparrer, Konstantin M. J.
Kmiec, Dorota
Zech, Fabian
Koepke, Lennart
Jung, Christoph
Author_xml – sequence: 1
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  fullname: Jung, Christoph
  organization: Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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  fullname: Koepke, Lennart
  organization: Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
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  surname: Zech
  fullname: Zech, Fabian
  organization: Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
– sequence: 5
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  surname: Jacob
  fullname: Jacob, Timo
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  orcidid: 0000-0002-7052-2360
  surname: Kirchhoff
  fullname: Kirchhoff, Frank
  organization: Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
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ISSN 0022-538X
1098-5514
IngestDate Thu Aug 21 18:18:20 EDT 2025
Thu Jul 10 18:18:18 EDT 2025
Thu Mar 24 01:44:52 EDT 2022
Thu Apr 03 07:08:21 EDT 2025
Tue Jul 01 01:32:40 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 24 23:11:32 EDT 2025
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Issue 6
Keywords COVID-19
Spike
SARS-CoV-2
variants of concern
Omicron
BA.1
BA.2
Language English
License All Rights Reserved. This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted noncommercial re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic. https://doi.org/10.1128/ASMCopyrightv2
All Rights Reserved.
This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted noncommercial re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.
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MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-a484t-f5177863713963b9156bdad042fadd925b2a64eae3df058a5129b3a30b8d5f7a3
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
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ObjectType-Feature-2
ObjectType-Review-3
content type line 23
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Christoph Jung, Dorota Kmiec, Lennart Koepke, and Fabian Zech contributed equally to this article. Author order was determined alphabetically.
ORCID 0000-0002-7052-2360
OpenAccessLink https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC8941872
PMID 35225672
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PublicationDate 2022-03-23
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2022-03-23
PublicationDate_xml – month: 03
  year: 2022
  text: 2022-03-23
  day: 23
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PublicationTitle Journal of virology
PublicationTitleAbbrev J Virol
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PublicationYear 2022
Publisher American Society for Microbiology
Publisher_xml – name: American Society for Microbiology
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Snippet Emerging strains of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, that...
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SubjectTerms COVID-19 - immunology
COVID-19 - virology
Gem
Genome, Viral
Humans
Immune Evasion
Mutation
SARS-CoV-2 - genetics
SARS-CoV-2 - immunology
SARS-CoV-2 - pathogenicity
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - metabolism
Virology
Title Omicron: What Makes the Latest SARS-CoV-2 Variant of Concern So Concerning?
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35225672
https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/jvi.02077-21
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2634518720
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC8941872
Volume 96
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