Dendrite-Free Lithium Deposition via Self-Healing Electrostatic Shield Mechanism

Rechargeable lithium metal batteries are considered the “Holy Grail” of energy storage systems. Unfortunately, uncontrollable dendritic lithium growth inherent in these batteries (upon repeated charge/discharge cycling) has prevented their practical application over the past 40 years. We show a nove...

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Published in	Journal of the American Chemical Society Vol. 135; no. 11; pp. 4450 - 4456
Main Authors	Ding, Fei, Xu, Wu, Graff, Gordon L, Zhang, Jian, Sushko, Maria L, Chen, Xilin, Shao, Yuyan, Engelhard, Mark H, Nie, Zimin, Xiao, Jie, Liu, Xingjiang, Sushko, Peter V, Liu, Jun, Zhang, Ji-Guang
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	United States American Chemical Society 20.03.2013
Subjects	additives anodes batteries cations cesium coatings energy lithium rubidium
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Abstract	Rechargeable lithium metal batteries are considered the “Holy Grail” of energy storage systems. Unfortunately, uncontrollable dendritic lithium growth inherent in these batteries (upon repeated charge/discharge cycling) has prevented their practical application over the past 40 years. We show a novel mechanism that can fundamentally alter dendrite formation. At low concentrations, selected cations (such as cesium or rubidium ions) exhibit an effective reduction potential below the standard reduction potential of lithium ions. During lithium deposition, these additive cations form a positively charged electrostatic shield around the initial growth tip of the protuberances without reduction and deposition of the additives. This forces further deposition of lithium to adjacent regions of the anode and eliminates dendrite formation in lithium metal batteries. This strategy may also prevent dendrite growth in lithium-ion batteries as well as other metal batteries and transform the surface uniformity of coatings deposited in many general electrodeposition processes.
AbstractList	Rechargeable lithium metal batteries are considered the "Holy Grail" of energy storage systems. Unfortunately, uncontrollable dendritic lithium growth inherent in these batteries (upon repeated charge/discharge cycling) has prevented their practical application over the past 40 years. We show a novel mechanism that can fundamentally alter dendrite formation. At low concentrations, selected cations (such as cesium or rubidium ions) exhibit an effective reduction potential below the standard reduction potential of lithium ions. During lithium deposition, these additive cations form a positively charged electrostatic shield around the initial growth tip of the protuberances without reduction and deposition of the additives. This forces further deposition of lithium to adjacent regions of the anode and eliminates dendrite formation in lithium metal batteries. This strategy may also prevent dendrite growth in lithium-ion batteries as well as other metal batteries and transform the surface uniformity of coatings deposited in many general electrodeposition processes.Rechargeable lithium metal batteries are considered the "Holy Grail" of energy storage systems. Unfortunately, uncontrollable dendritic lithium growth inherent in these batteries (upon repeated charge/discharge cycling) has prevented their practical application over the past 40 years. We show a novel mechanism that can fundamentally alter dendrite formation. At low concentrations, selected cations (such as cesium or rubidium ions) exhibit an effective reduction potential below the standard reduction potential of lithium ions. During lithium deposition, these additive cations form a positively charged electrostatic shield around the initial growth tip of the protuberances without reduction and deposition of the additives. This forces further deposition of lithium to adjacent regions of the anode and eliminates dendrite formation in lithium metal batteries. This strategy may also prevent dendrite growth in lithium-ion batteries as well as other metal batteries and transform the surface uniformity of coatings deposited in many general electrodeposition processes. Rechargeable lithium metal batteries are considered the “Holy Grail” of energy storage systems. Unfortunately, uncontrollable dendritic lithium growth inherent in these batteries (upon repeated charge/discharge cycling) has prevented their practical application over the past 40 years. We show a novel mechanism that can fundamentally alter dendrite formation. At low concentrations, selected cations (such as cesium or rubidium ions) exhibit an effective reduction potential below the standard reduction potential of lithium ions. During lithium deposition, these additive cations form a positively charged electrostatic shield around the initial growth tip of the protuberances without reduction and deposition of the additives. This forces further deposition of lithium to adjacent regions of the anode and eliminates dendrite formation in lithium metal batteries. This strategy may also prevent dendrite growth in lithium-ion batteries as well as other metal batteries and transform the surface uniformity of coatings deposited in many general electrodeposition processes.
Author	Xu, Wu Zhang, Jian Shao, Yuyan Zhang, Ji-Guang Ding, Fei Engelhard, Mark H Sushko, Peter V Sushko, Maria L Xiao, Jie Graff, Gordon L Chen, Xilin Liu, Xingjiang Liu, Jun Nie, Zimin
AuthorAffiliation	University College London Fundamental and Computational Sciences Directorate Environmental and Molecular Sciences Laboratory Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Tianjin Institute of Power Sources Energy and Environment Directorate
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: Fundamental and Computational Sciences Directorate – name: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory – name: Environmental and Molecular Sciences Laboratory – name: Energy and Environment Directorate – name: Tianjin Institute of Power Sources – name: University College London
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Fei surname: Ding fullname: Ding, Fei – sequence: 2 givenname: Wu surname: Xu fullname: Xu, Wu email: jiguang.zhang@pnnl.gov, wu.xu@pnnl.gov – sequence: 3 givenname: Gordon L surname: Graff fullname: Graff, Gordon L – sequence: 4 givenname: Jian surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Jian – sequence: 5 givenname: Maria L surname: Sushko fullname: Sushko, Maria L – sequence: 6 givenname: Xilin surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Xilin – sequence: 7 givenname: Yuyan surname: Shao fullname: Shao, Yuyan – sequence: 8 givenname: Mark H surname: Engelhard fullname: Engelhard, Mark H – sequence: 9 givenname: Zimin surname: Nie fullname: Nie, Zimin – sequence: 10 givenname: Jie surname: Xiao fullname: Xiao, Jie – sequence: 11 givenname: Xingjiang surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Xingjiang – sequence: 12 givenname: Peter V surname: Sushko fullname: Sushko, Peter V – sequence: 13 givenname: Jun surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Jun – sequence: 14 givenname: Ji-Guang surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Ji-Guang email: jiguang.zhang@pnnl.gov, wu.xu@pnnl.gov
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23448508$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet	Rechargeable lithium metal batteries are considered the “Holy Grail” of energy storage systems. Unfortunately, uncontrollable dendritic lithium growth inherent... Rechargeable lithium metal batteries are considered the "Holy Grail" of energy storage systems. Unfortunately, uncontrollable dendritic lithium growth inherent...
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SubjectTerms	additives anodes batteries cations cesium coatings energy lithium rubidium
Title	Dendrite-Free Lithium Deposition via Self-Healing Electrostatic Shield Mechanism
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