MECHANICAL PROCESSES IN BIOCHEMISTRY

Mechanical processes are involved in nearly every facet of the cell cycle. Mechanical forces are generated in the cell during processes as diverse as chromosomal segregation, replication, transcription, translation, translocation of proteins across membranes, cell locomotion, and catalyzed protein a...

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Published in	Annual review of biochemistry Vol. 73; no. 1; pp. 705 - 748
Main Authors	Bustamante, Carlos, Chemla, Yann R, Forde, Nancy R, Izhaky, David
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	Palo Alto, CA 94303-0139 Annual Reviews 01.01.2004 4139 El Camino Way, P.O. Box 10139 Annual Reviews, Inc USA
Subjects	Animals Biochemical Phenomena Biochemistry Biomechanical Phenomena Catalysis Cells Chromosomes enzyme catalysis Enzymes - chemistry Kinetics Life cycles mechanical forces mechanical unfolding Molecular Conformation Molecular Motor Proteins - chemistry molecular motors Molecules Nucleic acids Proteins single-molecule manipulation Thermodynamics Translocation
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Abstract	Mechanical processes are involved in nearly every facet of the cell cycle. Mechanical forces are generated in the cell during processes as diverse as chromosomal segregation, replication, transcription, translation, translocation of proteins across membranes, cell locomotion, and catalyzed protein and nucleic acid folding and unfolding, among others. Because force is a product of all these reactions, biochemists are beginning to directly apply external forces to these processes to alter the extent or even the fate of these reactions hoping to reveal their underlying molecular mechanisms. This review provides the conceptual framework to understand the role of mechanical force in biochemistry.
AbstractList	Mechanical processes are involved in nearly every facet of the cell cycle. Mechanical forces are generated in the cell during processes as diverse as chromosomal segregation, replication, transcription, translation, translocation of proteins across membranes, cell locomotion, and catalyzed protein and nucleic acid folding and unfolding, among others. Because force is a product of all these reactions, biochemists are beginning to directly apply external forces to these processes to alter the extent or even the fate of these reactions hoping to reveal their underlying molecular mechanisms. This review provides the conceptual framework to understand the role of mechanical force in biochemistry. ▪ Abstract Mechanical processes are involved in nearly every facet of the cell cycle. Mechanical forces are generated in the cell during processes as diverse as chromosomal segregation, replication, transcription, translation, translocation of proteins across membranes, cell locomotion, and catalyzed protein and nucleic acid folding and unfolding, among others. Because force is a product of all these reactions, biochemists are beginning to directly apply external forces to these processes to alter the extent or even the fate of these reactions hoping to reveal their underlying molecular mechanisms. This review provides the conceptual framework to understand the role of mechanical force in biochemistry. Mechanical processes are involved in nearly every facet of the cell cycle. Mechanical forces are generated in the cell during processes as diverse as chromosomal segregation, replication, transcription, translation, translocation of proteins across membranes, cell locomotion, and catalyzed protein and nucleic acid folding and unfolding, among others. Because force is a product of all these reactions, biochemists are beginning to directly apply external forces to these processes to alter the extent or even the fate of these reactions hoping to reveal their underlying molecular mechanisms. This review provides the conceptual framework to understand the role of mechanical force in biochemistry. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] Mechanical processes are involved in nearly every facet of the cell cycle. Mechanical forces are generated in the cell during processes as diverse as chromosomal segregation, replication, transcription, translation, translocation of proteins across membranes, cell locomotion, and catalyzed protein and nucleic acid folding and unfolding, among others. Because force is a product of all these reactions, biochemists are beginning to directly apply external forces to these processes to alter the extent or even the fate of these reactions hoping to reveal their underlying molecular mechanisms. This review provides the conceptual framework to understand the role of mechanical force in biochemistry. Mechanical processes are involved in nearly every facet of the cell cycle. Mechanical forces are generated in the cell during processes as diverse as chromosomal segregation, replication, transcription, translation, translocation of proteins across membranes, cell locomotion, and catalyzed protein and nucleic acid folding and unfolding, among others. Because force is a product of all these reactions, biochemists are beginning to directly apply external forces to these processes to alter the extent or even the fate of these reactions hoping to reveal their underlying molecular mechanisms. This review provides the conceptual framework to understand the role of mechanical force in biochemistry.Mechanical processes are involved in nearly every facet of the cell cycle. Mechanical forces are generated in the cell during processes as diverse as chromosomal segregation, replication, transcription, translation, translocation of proteins across membranes, cell locomotion, and catalyzed protein and nucleic acid folding and unfolding, among others. Because force is a product of all these reactions, biochemists are beginning to directly apply external forces to these processes to alter the extent or even the fate of these reactions hoping to reveal their underlying molecular mechanisms. This review provides the conceptual framework to understand the role of mechanical force in biochemistry.
Author	Bustamante, Carlos Chemla, Yann R Forde, Nancy R Izhaky, David
AuthorAffiliation	1 Molecular and Cell Biology, and 2 3 nforde@alice.berkeley.edu Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Departments of carlos@alice.berkeley.edu Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3206; email ychemla@socrates.berkeley.edu izhaky@alice.berkeley.edu
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 3 – name: Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Departments of – name: nforde@alice.berkeley.edu – name: izhaky@alice.berkeley.edu – name: carlos@alice.berkeley.edu – name: ychemla@socrates.berkeley.edu – name: 2 – name: Molecular and Cell Biology, and – name: Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3206; email – name: 1
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Carlos surname: Bustamante fullname: Bustamante, Carlos – sequence: 2 givenname: Yann R surname: Chemla fullname: Chemla, Yann R – sequence: 3 givenname: Nancy R surname: Forde fullname: Forde, Nancy R – sequence: 4 givenname: David surname: Izhaky fullname: Izhaky, David
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15189157$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet	Mechanical processes are involved in nearly every facet of the cell cycle. Mechanical forces are generated in the cell during processes as diverse as... ▪ Abstract Mechanical processes are involved in nearly every facet of the cell cycle. Mechanical forces are generated in the cell during processes as diverse... Mechanical processes are involved in nearly every facet of the cell cycle. Mechanical forces are generated in the cell during processes as diverse as...
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StartPage	705
SubjectTerms	Animals Biochemical Phenomena Biochemistry Biomechanical Phenomena Catalysis Cells Chromosomes enzyme catalysis Enzymes - chemistry Kinetics Life cycles mechanical forces mechanical unfolding Molecular Conformation Molecular Motor Proteins - chemistry molecular motors Molecules Nucleic acids Proteins single-molecule manipulation Thermodynamics Translocation
Title	MECHANICAL PROCESSES IN BIOCHEMISTRY
URI	http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.biochem.72.121801.161542 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15189157 https://www.proquest.com/docview/223692099 https://www.proquest.com/docview/72004624
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