Generalized sorting profile of alluvial fans
Alluvial rivers often exhibit self‐similar gravel size distributions and abrupt gravel‐sand transitions. Experiments suggest that these sorting patterns are established rapidly, but how—and how fast—this convergence occurs in the field is unknown. We examine the establishment of downstream sorting p...
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| Published in | Geophysical research letters Vol. 41; no. 20; pp. 7191 - 7199 |
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| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Washington
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
28.10.2014
John Wiley & Sons, Inc |
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| Abstract | Alluvial rivers often exhibit self‐similar gravel size distributions and abrupt gravel‐sand transitions. Experiments suggest that these sorting patterns are established rapidly, but how—and how fast—this convergence occurs in the field is unknown. We examine the establishment of downstream sorting patterns in a kilometer‐scale alluvial fan. The sharp transition from canyon to unconfined, channelized fan provides a well‐defined boundary condition. The channel changes from deep and entrenched at the fan apex to shallow and depositional over a short distance, exhibiting nonequilibrium behavior. The resulting gravel‐fining profile is not self‐similar; the particle size distribution narrows until approximate equal mobility is achieved. Downfan, the gravel‐sand transition appears to exhibit a self‐similar form; field and laboratory data collapse when downstream distance is normalized by the location of the transition. Results suggest a generalized sorting profile for alluvial fans as a consequence of the threshold of motion and nonequilibrium channels.
Key Points
Gravel sorting is limited by equal mobility of the grain size distributionThe gravel‐sand transition exhibit a self‐similar formTransient dynamics control channel geometry on fan |
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| AbstractList | Alluvial rivers often exhibit self‐similar gravel size distributions and abrupt gravel‐sand transitions. Experiments suggest that these sorting patterns are established rapidly, but how—and how fast—this convergence occurs in the field is unknown. We examine the establishment of downstream sorting patterns in a kilometer‐scale alluvial fan. The sharp transition from canyon to unconfined, channelized fan provides a well‐defined boundary condition. The channel changes from deep and entrenched at the fan apex to shallow and depositional over a short distance, exhibiting nonequilibrium behavior. The resulting gravel‐fining profile is not self‐similar; the particle size distribution narrows until approximate equal mobility is achieved. Downfan, the gravel‐sand transition appears to exhibit a self‐similar form; field and laboratory data collapse when downstream distance is normalized by the location of the transition. Results suggest a generalized sorting profile for alluvial fans as a consequence of the threshold of motion and nonequilibrium channels.
Key Points
Gravel sorting is limited by equal mobility of the grain size distributionThe gravel‐sand transition exhibit a self‐similar formTransient dynamics control channel geometry on fan Alluvial rivers often exhibit self-similar gravel size distributions and abrupt gravel-sand transitions. Experiments suggest that these sorting patterns are established rapidly, but how--and how fast--this convergence occurs in the field is unknown. We examine the establishment of downstream sorting patterns in a kilometer-scale alluvial fan. The sharp transition from canyon to unconfined, channelized fan provides a well-defined boundary condition. The channel changes from deep and entrenched at the fan apex to shallow and depositional over a short distance, exhibiting nonequilibrium behavior. The resulting gravel-fining profile is not self-similar; the particle size distribution narrows until approximate equal mobility is achieved. Downfan, the gravel-sand transition appears to exhibit a self-similar form; field and laboratory data collapse when downstream distance is normalized by the location of the transition. Results suggest a generalized sorting profile for alluvial fans as a consequence of the threshold of motion and nonequilibrium channels. Abstract Alluvial rivers often exhibit self‐similar gravel size distributions and abrupt gravel‐sand transitions. Experiments suggest that these sorting patterns are established rapidly, but how—and how fast—this convergence occurs in the field is unknown. We examine the establishment of downstream sorting patterns in a kilometer‐scale alluvial fan. The sharp transition from canyon to unconfined, channelized fan provides a well‐defined boundary condition. The channel changes from deep and entrenched at the fan apex to shallow and depositional over a short distance, exhibiting nonequilibrium behavior. The resulting gravel‐fining profile is not self‐similar; the particle size distribution narrows until approximate equal mobility is achieved. Downfan, the gravel‐sand transition appears to exhibit a self‐similar form; field and laboratory data collapse when downstream distance is normalized by the location of the transition. Results suggest a generalized sorting profile for alluvial fans as a consequence of the threshold of motion and nonequilibrium channels. Key Points Gravel sorting is limited by equal mobility of the grain size distribution The gravel‐sand transition exhibit a self‐similar form Transient dynamics control channel geometry on fan |
| Author | Jerolmack, Douglas J. Reitz, Meredith D. Miller, Kimberly Litwin |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Kimberly Litwin surname: Miller fullname: Miller, Kimberly Litwin email: klitwin@sas.upenn.edu organization: Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Meredith D. surname: Reitz fullname: Reitz, Meredith D. organization: Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, New York, Palisades, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Douglas J. surname: Jerolmack fullname: Jerolmack, Douglas J. organization: Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA |
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| Snippet | Alluvial rivers often exhibit self‐similar gravel size distributions and abrupt gravel‐sand transitions. Experiments suggest that these sorting patterns are... Abstract Alluvial rivers often exhibit self‐similar gravel size distributions and abrupt gravel‐sand transitions. Experiments suggest that these sorting... Alluvial rivers often exhibit self-similar gravel size distributions and abrupt gravel-sand transitions. Experiments suggest that these sorting patterns are... |
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| SubjectTerms | Alluvial channels alluvial fan Alluvial fans Alluvial rivers Boundary conditions Canyons Channels Collapse Convergence Deep-sea fans Distance Downstream effects downstream fining equal mobility Gravel gravel-sand transition Mobility Movement Particle size Particle size distribution Rivers Sand Sedimentation & deposition selective transport Self-similarity Size distribution sorting |
| Title | Generalized sorting profile of alluvial fans |
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