Microplastics in the Olfactory Bulb of the Human Brain

• Published in: JAMA network open Vol. 7; no. 9; p. e2440018
• Main Authors: Amato-Lourenço, Luís Fernando, Dantas, Katia Cristina, Júnior, Gabriel Ribeiro, Paes, Vitor Ribeiro, Ando, Rômulo Augusto, de Oliveira Freitas, Raul, da Costa, Ohanna Maria Menezes M., Rabelo, Renata S., Soares Bispo, Kelly Cristina, Carvalho-Oliveira, Regiani, Mauad, Thais
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States American Medical Association 03.09.2024
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Autopsies; Brain; Brazil; Cross-Sectional Studies; Environmental Exposure - adverse effects; Environmental Exposure - analysis; Environmental Health; Female; Fourier transforms; Humans; Male; Microplastics - analysis; Middle Aged; Morphology; Olfactory Bulb; Online Only; Original Investigation; Brazil
• DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.40018
• ISSN: 2574-3805

Microplastic (MP) pollution is an emerging environmental and health concern. While MPs have been detected in various human tissues, their presence in the human brain has not been documented, raising important questions about potential neurotoxic effects and the mechanisms by which MPs might reach brain tissues. To determine the presence of MPs in the human olfactory bulb and to analyze their characteristics such as size, morphology, color, and polymeric composition. This case series study used a cross-sectional design involving the analysis of olfactory bulb tissues obtained from deceased individuals during routine coroner autopsies. The sampling procedures were conducted at São Paulo City Death Verification Service, with laboratory analysis carried out at the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS). Participants included 15 adult individuals who had been residents of São Paulo for more than 5 years and underwent coroner autopsies. Exclusion criteria included previous neurosurgical interventions. Data analysis was performed in April 2024. The primary exposure assessed was the presence of MPs in the olfactory bulb, analyzed through direct tissue examination and digested tissue filtration followed by micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The main outcomes were the identification and characterization of MPs within the olfactory bulb, including their size, morphology, color, and polymeric composition. The median age of the 15 deceased individuals was 69.5 years, ranging from 33 to 100 years, with 12 males and 3 females. MPs were detected in the olfactory bulbs of 8 out of 15 individuals. A total of 16 synthetic polymer particles and fibers were identified, with 75% being particles and 25% being fibers. The most common polymer detected was polypropylene (43.8%). Sizes of MPs ranged from 5.5 μm to 26.4 μm for particles, and the mean fiber length was 21.4 μm. Polymeric materials were absent in procedural blank and negative control filters, indicating minimal contamination risk. This case series provides evidence of MPs found in the human olfactory bulb, suggesting a potential pathway for the translocation of MPs to the brain. The findings underscore the need for further research on the health implications of MP exposure, particularly concerning neurotoxicity and the potential for MPs to bypass the blood-brain barrier.