Lee-wave clouds and denitrification of the polar stratosphere
We present a hypothesis that the known formation of nitric acid hydrates in lee‐wave ice clouds produces a “standing crop” of nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) particles, and that growth and sedimentation of these particles efficiently denitrifies the polar stratosphere. Simulations using a simple two‐di...
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Published in | Geophysical research letters Vol. 29; no. 9; pp. 36-1 - 36-4 |
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Main Authors | , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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American Geophysical Union
01.05.2002
Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
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Abstract | We present a hypothesis that the known formation of nitric acid hydrates in lee‐wave ice clouds produces a “standing crop” of nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) particles, and that growth and sedimentation of these particles efficiently denitrifies the polar stratosphere. Simulations using a simple two‐dimensional model illustrate that the large NAT number concentrations produced in lee waves (>0.1 cm−3) lead to low gas‐phase HNO3 concentration in the cloud layer, limiting subsequent particle growth. Provided the NAT existence temperature is not exceeded, these particles slowly sediment out of the cloud layer, at which point further growth is initiated. As a result of the long residence time and vertical wind shear, NAT particles produced in geographically selective regions over a short duration can cause extensive denitrification throughout the lower stratosphere. Our model illustrates that a single hypothetical lee‐wave nucleation event [10 hours, 1000 km width (along a longitude) × 100 m altitude] is sufficient to produce significant denitrification (∼25%) vortex‐wide. |
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AbstractList | We present a hypothesis that the known formation of nitric acid hydrates in lee-wave ice clouds produces a "standing crop" of nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) particles, and that growth and sedimentation of these particles efficiently denitrifies the polar stratosphere. Simulations using a simple two-dimensional model illustrate that the large NAT number concentrations produced in lee waves (>0.1 cm super(-3)) lead to low gas-phase HNO sub(3) concentration in the cloud layer, limiting subsequent particle growth. Provided the NAT existence temperature is not exceeded, these particles slowly sediment out of the cloud layer, at which point further growth is initiated. As a result of the long residence time and vertical wind shear, NAT particles produced in geographically selective regions over a short duration can cause extensive denitrification throughout the lower stratosphere. Our model illustrates that a single hypothetical lee-wave nucleation event [10 hours, 1000 km width (along a longitude) 100 m altitude] is sufficient to produce significant denitrification (25%) vortex-wide. We present a hypothesis that the known formation of nitric acid hydrates in lee‐wave ice clouds produces a “standing crop” of nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) particles, and that growth and sedimentation of these particles efficiently denitrifies the polar stratosphere. Simulations using a simple two‐dimensional model illustrate that the large NAT number concentrations produced in lee waves (>0.1 cm −3 ) lead to low gas‐phase HNO 3 concentration in the cloud layer, limiting subsequent particle growth. Provided the NAT existence temperature is not exceeded, these particles slowly sediment out of the cloud layer, at which point further growth is initiated. As a result of the long residence time and vertical wind shear, NAT particles produced in geographically selective regions over a short duration can cause extensive denitrification throughout the lower stratosphere. Our model illustrates that a single hypothetical lee‐wave nucleation event [10 hours, 1000 km width (along a longitude) × 100 m altitude] is sufficient to produce significant denitrification (∼25%) vortex‐wide. We present a hypothesis that the known formation of nitric acid hydrates in lee-wave ice clouds produces a "standing crop" of nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) particles, and that growth and sedimentation of these particles efficiently denitrifies the polar stratosphere. Simulations using a simple model illustrate that the large NAT number concentrations produced in lee waves ( > 0.1/cu cm) lead to low gas-phase HNO3 concentration in the cloud layer, limiting subsequent particle growth. Provided the NAT existence temperature is not exceeded, these particles slowly sediment out of the cloud layer, at which point further growth is initiated. As a result of the long residence time and vertical wind shear, NAT particles produced in geographically selective regions over a short duration can cause extensive denitrification throughout the lower stratosphere. Our model illustrates that a single hypothetical lee-wave nucleation event is sufficient to produce significant denitrification (about 25 percent) vortex-wide. (Author) We present a hypothesis that the known formation of nitric acid hydrates in lee‐wave ice clouds produces a “standing crop” of nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) particles, and that growth and sedimentation of these particles efficiently denitrifies the polar stratosphere. Simulations using a simple two‐dimensional model illustrate that the large NAT number concentrations produced in lee waves (>0.1 cm−3) lead to low gas‐phase HNO3 concentration in the cloud layer, limiting subsequent particle growth. Provided the NAT existence temperature is not exceeded, these particles slowly sediment out of the cloud layer, at which point further growth is initiated. As a result of the long residence time and vertical wind shear, NAT particles produced in geographically selective regions over a short duration can cause extensive denitrification throughout the lower stratosphere. Our model illustrates that a single hypothetical lee‐wave nucleation event [10 hours, 1000 km width (along a longitude) × 100 m altitude] is sufficient to produce significant denitrification (∼25%) vortex‐wide. |
Author | Wennberg, Paul O. Mckinney, Karena A. Dhaniyala, Suresh |
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Snippet | We present a hypothesis that the known formation of nitric acid hydrates in lee‐wave ice clouds produces a “standing crop” of nitric acid trihydrate (NAT)... We present a hypothesis that the known formation of nitric acid hydrates in lee-wave ice clouds produces a "standing crop" of nitric acid trihydrate (NAT)... |
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SubjectTerms | Aerosols and particles Atmospheric Composition and Structure Cloud physics and chemistry Clouds Geophysics Lee waves Nitric acid Nucleation Sedimentation Stratosphere Wind shear |
Title | Lee-wave clouds and denitrification of the polar stratosphere |
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