Potential Use of Exosomes as Diagnostic Biomarkers and in Targeted Drug Delivery: Progress in Clinical and Preclinical Applications

Exosomes are cell-derived vesicles containing heterogeneous active biomolecules such as proteins, lipids, mRNAs, receptors, immune regulatory molecules, and nucleic acids. They typically range in size from 30 to 150 nm in diameter. An exosome’s surfaces can be bioengineered with antibodies, fluoresc...

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Published inACS biomaterials science & engineering Vol. 7; no. 6; pp. 2106 - 2149
Main Authors Huda, Md Nurul, Nafiujjaman, Md, Deaguero, Isaac G, Okonkwo, Jude, Hill, Meghan L, Kim, Taeho, Nurunnabi, Md
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States American Chemical Society 14.06.2021
Subjects
Biomarkers
Drug Delivery Systems
Exosomes
Peptides
Pharmaceutical Preparations
diagnosis
vaccine
clinical translation
drug delivery
biomarker
Exosome
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN2373-9878
2373-9878
DOI10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00217

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Abstract Exosomes are cell-derived vesicles containing heterogeneous active biomolecules such as proteins, lipids, mRNAs, receptors, immune regulatory molecules, and nucleic acids. They typically range in size from 30 to 150 nm in diameter. An exosome’s surfaces can be bioengineered with antibodies, fluorescent dye, peptides, and tailored for small molecule and large active biologics. Exosomes have enormous potential as a drug delivery vehicle due to enhanced biocompatibility, excellent payload capability, and reduced immunogenicity compared to alternative polymeric-based carriers. Because of active targeting and specificity, exosomes are capable of delivering their cargo to exosome-recipient cells. Additionally, exosomes can potentially act as early stage disease diagnostic tools as the exosome carries various protein biomarkers associated with a specific disease. In this review, we summarize recent progress on exosome composition, biological characterization, and isolation techniques. Finally, we outline the exosome’s clinical applications and preclinical advancement to provide an outlook on the importance of exosomes for use in targeted drug delivery, biomarker study, and vaccine development.
AbstractList Exosomes are cell-derived vesicles containing heterogeneous active biomolecules such as proteins, lipids, mRNAs, receptors, immune regulatory molecules, and nucleic acids. They typically range in size from 30 to 150 nm in diameter. An exosome’s surfaces can be bioengineered with antibodies, fluorescent dye, peptides, and tailored for small molecule and large active biologics. Exosomes have enormous potential as a drug delivery vehicle due to enhanced biocompatibility, excellent payload capability, and reduced immunogenicity compared to alternative polymeric-based carriers. Because of active targeting and specificity, exosomes are capable of delivering their cargo to exosome-recipient cells. Additionally, exosomes can potentially act as early stage disease diagnostic tools as the exosome carries various protein biomarkers associated with a specific disease. In this review, we summarize recent progress on exosome composition, biological characterization, and isolation techniques. Finally, we outline the exosome’s clinical applications and preclinical advancement to provide an outlook on the importance of exosomes for use in targeted drug delivery, biomarker study, and vaccine development.
Exosomes are cell-derived vesicles containing heterogeneous active biomolecules such as proteins, lipids, mRNAs, receptors, immune regulatory molecules, and nucleic acids. They typically range in size from 30 to 150 nm in diameter. An exosome's surfaces can be bioengineered with antibodies, fluorescent dye, peptides, and tailored for small molecule and large active biologics. Exosomes have enormous potential as a drug delivery vehicle due to enhanced biocompatibility, excellent payload capability, and reduced immunogenicity compared to alternative polymeric-based carriers. Because of active targeting and specificity, exosomes are capable of delivering their cargo to exosome-recipient cells. Additionally, exosomes can potentially act as early stage disease diagnostic tools as the exosome carries various protein biomarkers associated with a specific disease. In this review, we summarize recent progress on exosome composition, biological characterization, and isolation techniques. Finally, we outline the exosome's clinical applications and preclinical advancement to provide an outlook on the importance of exosomes for use in targeted drug delivery, biomarker study, and vaccine development.Exosomes are cell-derived vesicles containing heterogeneous active biomolecules such as proteins, lipids, mRNAs, receptors, immune regulatory molecules, and nucleic acids. They typically range in size from 30 to 150 nm in diameter. An exosome's surfaces can be bioengineered with antibodies, fluorescent dye, peptides, and tailored for small molecule and large active biologics. Exosomes have enormous potential as a drug delivery vehicle due to enhanced biocompatibility, excellent payload capability, and reduced immunogenicity compared to alternative polymeric-based carriers. Because of active targeting and specificity, exosomes are capable of delivering their cargo to exosome-recipient cells. Additionally, exosomes can potentially act as early stage disease diagnostic tools as the exosome carries various protein biomarkers associated with a specific disease. In this review, we summarize recent progress on exosome composition, biological characterization, and isolation techniques. Finally, we outline the exosome's clinical applications and preclinical advancement to provide an outlook on the importance of exosomes for use in targeted drug delivery, biomarker study, and vaccine development.
Author Huda, Md Nurul
Okonkwo, Jude
Hill, Meghan L
Nafiujjaman, Md
Nurunnabi, Md
Deaguero, Isaac G
Kim, Taeho
AuthorAffiliation Biomedical Engineering
John A. Paulson School of Engineering
Border Biomedical Research Center
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering
Environmental Science & Engineering
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: John A. Paulson School of Engineering
– name: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering
– name: Border Biomedical Research Center
– name: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy
– name: Biomedical Engineering
– name: Environmental Science & Engineering
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Md Nurul
  surname: Huda
  fullname: Huda, Md Nurul
  organization: Environmental Science & Engineering
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Md
  surname: Nafiujjaman
  fullname: Nafiujjaman, Md
  organization: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Isaac G
  surname: Deaguero
  fullname: Deaguero, Isaac G
  organization: Biomedical Engineering
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  givenname: Jude
  surname: Okonkwo
  fullname: Okonkwo, Jude
  organization: John A. Paulson School of Engineering
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Meghan L
  surname: Hill
  fullname: Hill, Meghan L
  organization: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering
– sequence: 6
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  surname: Kim
  fullname: Kim, Taeho
  email: kimtae47@msu.edu
  organization: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Md
  orcidid: 0000-0003-4457-3401
  surname: Nurunnabi
  fullname: Nurunnabi, Md
  email: mnurunnabi@utep.edu
  organization: Border Biomedical Research Center
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33988964$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet Exosomes are cell-derived vesicles containing heterogeneous active biomolecules such as proteins, lipids, mRNAs, receptors, immune regulatory molecules, and...
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SubjectTerms Biomarkers
Drug Delivery Systems
Exosomes
Peptides
Pharmaceutical Preparations
Title Potential Use of Exosomes as Diagnostic Biomarkers and in Targeted Drug Delivery: Progress in Clinical and Preclinical Applications
URI http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00217
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33988964
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