Carbon Quantum Dot-Catalyzed, Highly Efficient Miniemulsion Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Induced by Visible Light
Owing to the benefits of using natural or artificial light sources as a stimulus, photoinduced reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (photoRDRP) techniques have been recognized to be a powerful “green” platform for the preparation of well-defined polymers. However, the development of highly...
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| Published in | ACS macro letters Vol. 11; no. 11; pp. 1298 - 1305 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
American Chemical Society
15.11.2022
Washington, D.C : American Chemical Society |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Owing to the benefits of using natural or artificial light sources as a stimulus, photoinduced reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (photoRDRP) techniques have been recognized to be a powerful “green” platform for the preparation of well-defined polymers. However, the development of highly efficient visible light-induced photoRDRP processes in aqueous dispersed media remains a challenge due to light scattering and refraction by monomer droplets or colloidal particles. In this work, an efficient green photocatalyst, carbon quantum dots (CQDs), was introduced to visible light-mediated miniemulsion atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), leading to highly efficient polymerizations with reaction rates (>80% monomer conversion within 1 h) much higher than in previous studies. This heterogeneous photocatalytic system is presumed to involve three catalytic cycles in (i) the aqueous phase, (ii) the oil–water interface, and (iii) the monomer droplets. The effect of different polymerization parameters on the polymerization reaction was investigated, including the amounts of surfactant and CQDs, CuBr2 dosage, and solid content. Excellent temporal control of the polymerization was illustrated by “ON/OFF” polymerizations, and natural sunlight was also used as an energy source. This novel CQDs-catalyzed miniemulsion photoATRP process may be easily extended to other aqueous dispersion RDRP systems. As an extension of our previous work (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2022, 144 (22), 9817–9826) we also developed a “one-pot” method for the rapid preparation of heterogeneous hydrogels. |
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| AbstractList | Owing to the benefits of using natural or artificial light sources as a stimulus, photoinduced reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (photoRDRP) techniques have been recognized to be a powerful “green” platform for the preparation of well-defined polymers. However, the development of highly efficient visible light-induced photoRDRP processes in aqueous dispersed media remains a challenge due to light scattering and refraction by monomer droplets or colloidal particles. In this work, an efficient green photocatalyst, carbon quantum dots (CQDs), was introduced to visible light-mediated miniemulsion atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), leading to highly efficient polymerizations with reaction rates (>80% monomer conversion within 1 h) much higher than in previous studies. This heterogeneous photocatalytic system is presumed to involve three catalytic cycles in (i) the aqueous phase, (ii) the oil–water interface, and (iii) the monomer droplets. The effect of different polymerization parameters on the polymerization reaction was investigated, including the amounts of surfactant and CQDs, CuBr2 dosage, and solid content. Excellent temporal control of the polymerization was illustrated by “ON/OFF” polymerizations, and natural sunlight was also used as an energy source. This novel CQDs-catalyzed miniemulsion photoATRP process may be easily extended to other aqueous dispersion RDRP systems. As an extension of our previous work (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2022, 144 (22), 9817–9826) we also developed a “one-pot” method for the rapid preparation of heterogeneous hydrogels. Owing to the benefits of using natural or artificial light sources as a stimulus, photoinduced reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (photoRDRP) techniques have been recognized to be a powerful "green" platform for the preparation of well-defined polymers. However, the development of highly efficient visible light-induced photoRDRP processes in aqueous dispersed media remains a challenge due to light scattering and refraction by monomer droplets or colloidal particles. In this work, an efficient green photocatalyst, carbon quantum dots (CQDs), was introduced to visible light-mediated miniemulsion atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), leading to highly efficient polymerizations with reaction rates (>80% monomer conversion within 1 h) much higher than in previous studies. This heterogeneous photocatalytic system is presumed to involve three catalytic cycles in (i) the aqueous phase, (ii) the oil−water interface, and (iii) the monomer droplets. The effect of different polymerization parameters on the polymerization reaction was investigated, including the amounts of surfactant and CQDs, CuBr 2 dosage, and solid content. Excellent temporal control of the polymerization was illustrated by "ON/OFF" polymerizations, and natural sunlight was also used as an energy source. This novel CQDs-catalyzed miniemulsion photoATRP process may be easily extended to other aqueous dispersion RDRP systems. As an extension of our previous work (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2022, 144 (22), 9817−9826) we also developed a "one-pot" method for the rapid preparation of heterogeneous hydrogels. Owing to the benefits of using natural or artificial light sources as a stimulus, photoinduced reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (photoRDRP) techniques have been recognized to be a powerful "green" platform for the preparation of well-defined polymers. However, the development of highly efficient visible light-induced photoRDRP processes in aqueous dispersed media remains a challenge due to light scattering and refraction by monomer droplets or colloidal particles. In this work, an efficient green photocatalyst, carbon quantum dots (CQDs), was introduced to visible light-mediated miniemulsion atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), leading to highly efficient polymerizations with reaction rates (>80% monomer conversion within 1 h) much higher than in previous studies. This heterogeneous photocatalytic system is presumed to involve three catalytic cycles in (i) the aqueous phase, (ii) the oil-water interface, and (iii) the monomer droplets. The effect of different polymerization parameters on the polymerization reaction was investigated, including the amounts of surfactant and CQDs, CuBr2 dosage, and solid content. Excellent temporal control of the polymerization was illustrated by "ON/OFF" polymerizations, and natural sunlight was also used as an energy source. This novel CQDs-catalyzed miniemulsion photoATRP process may be easily extended to other aqueous dispersion RDRP systems. As an extension of our previous work (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2022, 144 (22), 9817-9826) we also developed a "one-pot" method for the rapid preparation of heterogeneous hydrogels.Owing to the benefits of using natural or artificial light sources as a stimulus, photoinduced reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (photoRDRP) techniques have been recognized to be a powerful "green" platform for the preparation of well-defined polymers. However, the development of highly efficient visible light-induced photoRDRP processes in aqueous dispersed media remains a challenge due to light scattering and refraction by monomer droplets or colloidal particles. In this work, an efficient green photocatalyst, carbon quantum dots (CQDs), was introduced to visible light-mediated miniemulsion atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), leading to highly efficient polymerizations with reaction rates (>80% monomer conversion within 1 h) much higher than in previous studies. This heterogeneous photocatalytic system is presumed to involve three catalytic cycles in (i) the aqueous phase, (ii) the oil-water interface, and (iii) the monomer droplets. The effect of different polymerization parameters on the polymerization reaction was investigated, including the amounts of surfactant and CQDs, CuBr2 dosage, and solid content. Excellent temporal control of the polymerization was illustrated by "ON/OFF" polymerizations, and natural sunlight was also used as an energy source. This novel CQDs-catalyzed miniemulsion photoATRP process may be easily extended to other aqueous dispersion RDRP systems. As an extension of our previous work (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2022, 144 (22), 9817-9826) we also developed a "one-pot" method for the rapid preparation of heterogeneous hydrogels. |
| Author | Qiao, Xiaoguang Bourgeat-Lami, Elodie Qiao, Liang Zhou, Mengjie Zhang, Xi He, Yanjie Shi, Ge Pang, Xinchang |
| AuthorAffiliation | Henan University of Engineering Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5128, Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials (CP2M) College of Materials Engineering, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Rare Earth Composite Materials, Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for Fiber Preparation and Modification Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: Henan University of Engineering – name: Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering – name: Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5128, Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials (CP2M) – name: College of Materials Engineering, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Rare Earth Composite Materials, Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for Fiber Preparation and Modification |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Xiaoguang orcidid: 0000-0002-4379-5398 surname: Qiao fullname: Qiao, Xiaoguang email: joexiaoguang@hotmail.com organization: Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering – sequence: 2 givenname: Liang surname: Qiao fullname: Qiao, Liang organization: Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering – sequence: 3 givenname: Mengjie surname: Zhou fullname: Zhou, Mengjie organization: Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering – sequence: 4 givenname: Xi surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Xi organization: Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering – sequence: 5 givenname: Ge surname: Shi fullname: Shi, Ge organization: Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering – sequence: 6 givenname: Yanjie surname: He fullname: He, Yanjie organization: Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering – sequence: 7 givenname: Elodie orcidid: 0000-0002-7049-3897 surname: Bourgeat-Lami fullname: Bourgeat-Lami, Elodie organization: Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5128, Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials (CP2M) – sequence: 8 givenname: Xinchang surname: Pang fullname: Pang, Xinchang email: pangxinchang1980@163.com organization: Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering |
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| Title | Carbon Quantum Dot-Catalyzed, Highly Efficient Miniemulsion Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Induced by Visible Light |
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