Patient Use and Clinical Practice Patterns of Remote Cardiology Clinic Visits in the Era of COVID-19
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an unprecedented shift in ambulatory cardiovascular care from in-person to remote visits. To understand whether the transition to remote visits is associated with disparities in patient use of care, diagnostic test ordering, and medication prescribing. This cross-sec...
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Published in | JAMA network open Vol. 4; no. 4; p. e214157 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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United States
American Medical Association
01.04.2021
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Abstract | The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an unprecedented shift in ambulatory cardiovascular care from in-person to remote visits.
To understand whether the transition to remote visits is associated with disparities in patient use of care, diagnostic test ordering, and medication prescribing.
This cross-sectional study used electronic health records data for all ambulatory cardiology visits at an urban, multisite health system in Los Angeles County, California, during 2 periods: April 1, 2019, to December 31, 2019 (pre-COVID) and April 1 to December 31, 2020 (COVID-era). Statistical analysis was performed from January to February 2021.
In-person or remote ambulatory cardiology clinic visit at one of 31 during the pre-COVID period or COVID-era period.
Comparison of patient characteristics and frequencies of medication ordering and cardiology-specific testing across 4 visit types (pre-COVID in-person (reference), COVID-era in-person, COVID-era video, COVID-era telephone).
This study analyzed data from 87 182 pre-COVID in-person, 74 498 COVID-era in-person, 4720 COVID-era video, and 10 381 COVID-era telephone visits. Across visits, 79 572 patients were female (45.0%), 127 080 patients were non-Hispanic White (71.9%), and the mean (SD) age was 68.1 (17.0) years. Patients accessing COVID-era remote visits were more likely to be Asian, Black, or Hispanic individuals (24 934 pre-COVID in-person visits [28.6%] vs 19 742 COVID-era in-person visits [26.5%] vs 3633 COVID-era video visits [30.4%] vs 1435 COVID-era telephone visits [35.0%]; P < .001 for all comparisons), have private insurance (34 063 pre-COVID in-person visits [39.1%] vs 25 474 COVID-era in-person visits [34.2%] vs 2562 COVID-era video visits [54.3%] vs 4264 COVID-era telephone visits [41.1%]; P < .001 for COVID-era in-person vs video and COVID-era in-person vs telephone), and have cardiovascular comorbidities (eg, hypertension: 37 166 pre-COVID in-person visits [42.6%] vs 31 359 COVID-era in-person visits [42.1%] vs 2006 COVID-era video visits [42.5%] vs 5181 COVID-era telephone visits [49.9%]; P < .001 for COVID-era in-person vs telephone; and heart failure: 14 319 pre-COVID in-person visits [16.4%] vs 10 488 COVID-era in-person visits [14.1%] vs 1172 COVID-era video visits [24.8%] vs 2674 COVID-era telephone visits [25.8%]; P < .001 for COVID-era in-person vs video and COVID-era in-person vs telephone). After adjusting for patient and visit characteristics and in comparison with pre-COVID in-person visits, during video and telephone visits, clinicians had lower odds of ordering any medication (COVID-era in-person: odds ratio [OR], 0.62 [95% CI, 0.60-0.64], COVID-era video: OR, 0.22 [95% CI, 0.20-0.24]; COVID-era telephone: OR, 0.14 [95% CI, 0.13-0.15]) or tests, such as electrocardiograms (COVID-era in-person: OR, 0.60 [95% CI, 0.58-0.62]; COVID-era video: OR, 0.03 [95% CI, 0.02-0.04]; COVID-era telephone: OR, 0.02 [95% CI, 0.01-0.03]) or echocardiograms (COVID-era in-person: OR, 1.21 [95% CI, 1.18-1.24]; COVID-era video: OR, 0.47 [95% CI, 0.42-0.52]; COVID-era telephone: OR, 0.28 [95% CI, 0.25-0.31]).
Patients who were Asian, Black, or Hispanic, had private insurance, and had at least one of several cardiovascular comorbidities used remote cardiovascular care more frequently in the COVID-era period. Clinician ordering of diagnostic testing and medications consistently decreased when comparing pre-COVID vs COVID-era and in-person vs remote visits. Further studies are needed to clarify whether these decreases represent a reduction in the overuse of tests and medications vs an underuse of indicated testing and prescribing. |
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AbstractList | The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an unprecedented shift in ambulatory cardiovascular care from in-person to remote visits.
To understand whether the transition to remote visits is associated with disparities in patient use of care, diagnostic test ordering, and medication prescribing.
This cross-sectional study used electronic health records data for all ambulatory cardiology visits at an urban, multisite health system in Los Angeles County, California, during 2 periods: April 1, 2019, to December 31, 2019 (pre-COVID) and April 1 to December 31, 2020 (COVID-era). Statistical analysis was performed from January to February 2021.
In-person or remote ambulatory cardiology clinic visit at one of 31 during the pre-COVID period or COVID-era period.
Comparison of patient characteristics and frequencies of medication ordering and cardiology-specific testing across 4 visit types (pre-COVID in-person (reference), COVID-era in-person, COVID-era video, COVID-era telephone).
This study analyzed data from 87 182 pre-COVID in-person, 74 498 COVID-era in-person, 4720 COVID-era video, and 10 381 COVID-era telephone visits. Across visits, 79 572 patients were female (45.0%), 127 080 patients were non-Hispanic White (71.9%), and the mean (SD) age was 68.1 (17.0) years. Patients accessing COVID-era remote visits were more likely to be Asian, Black, or Hispanic individuals (24 934 pre-COVID in-person visits [28.6%] vs 19 742 COVID-era in-person visits [26.5%] vs 3633 COVID-era video visits [30.4%] vs 1435 COVID-era telephone visits [35.0%]; P < .001 for all comparisons), have private insurance (34 063 pre-COVID in-person visits [39.1%] vs 25 474 COVID-era in-person visits [34.2%] vs 2562 COVID-era video visits [54.3%] vs 4264 COVID-era telephone visits [41.1%]; P < .001 for COVID-era in-person vs video and COVID-era in-person vs telephone), and have cardiovascular comorbidities (eg, hypertension: 37 166 pre-COVID in-person visits [42.6%] vs 31 359 COVID-era in-person visits [42.1%] vs 2006 COVID-era video visits [42.5%] vs 5181 COVID-era telephone visits [49.9%]; P < .001 for COVID-era in-person vs telephone; and heart failure: 14 319 pre-COVID in-person visits [16.4%] vs 10 488 COVID-era in-person visits [14.1%] vs 1172 COVID-era video visits [24.8%] vs 2674 COVID-era telephone visits [25.8%]; P < .001 for COVID-era in-person vs video and COVID-era in-person vs telephone). After adjusting for patient and visit characteristics and in comparison with pre-COVID in-person visits, during video and telephone visits, clinicians had lower odds of ordering any medication (COVID-era in-person: odds ratio [OR], 0.62 [95% CI, 0.60-0.64], COVID-era video: OR, 0.22 [95% CI, 0.20-0.24]; COVID-era telephone: OR, 0.14 [95% CI, 0.13-0.15]) or tests, such as electrocardiograms (COVID-era in-person: OR, 0.60 [95% CI, 0.58-0.62]; COVID-era video: OR, 0.03 [95% CI, 0.02-0.04]; COVID-era telephone: OR, 0.02 [95% CI, 0.01-0.03]) or echocardiograms (COVID-era in-person: OR, 1.21 [95% CI, 1.18-1.24]; COVID-era video: OR, 0.47 [95% CI, 0.42-0.52]; COVID-era telephone: OR, 0.28 [95% CI, 0.25-0.31]).
Patients who were Asian, Black, or Hispanic, had private insurance, and had at least one of several cardiovascular comorbidities used remote cardiovascular care more frequently in the COVID-era period. Clinician ordering of diagnostic testing and medications consistently decreased when comparing pre-COVID vs COVID-era and in-person vs remote visits. Further studies are needed to clarify whether these decreases represent a reduction in the overuse of tests and medications vs an underuse of indicated testing and prescribing. This cross-sectional study examines ambulatory cardiology clinic visit data and whether the transition to remote visits during COVID-19 is associated with disparities in patient use of care, diagnostic test ordering, and medication prescribing. Importance The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an unprecedented shift in ambulatory cardiovascular care from in-person to remote visits. Objective To understand whether the transition to remote visits is associated with disparities in patient use of care, diagnostic test ordering, and medication prescribing. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study used electronic health records data for all ambulatory cardiology visits at an urban, multisite health system in Los Angeles County, California, during 2 periods: April 1, 2019, to December 31, 2019 (pre-COVID) and April 1 to December 31, 2020 (COVID-era). Statistical analysis was performed from January to February 2021. Exposure In-person or remote ambulatory cardiology clinic visit at one of 31 during the pre-COVID period or COVID-era period. Main Outcomes and Measures Comparison of patient characteristics and frequencies of medication ordering and cardiology-specific testing across 4 visit types (pre-COVID in-person (reference), COVID-era in-person, COVID-era video, COVID-era telephone). Results This study analyzed data from 87 182 pre-COVID in-person, 74 498 COVID-era in-person, 4720 COVID-era video, and 10 381 COVID-era telephone visits. Across visits, 79 572 patients were female (45.0%), 127 080 patients were non-Hispanic White (71.9%), and the mean (SD) age was 68.1 (17.0) years. Patients accessing COVID-era remote visits were more likely to be Asian, Black, or Hispanic individuals (24 934 pre-COVID in-person visits [28.6%] vs 19 742 COVID-era in-person visits [26.5%] vs 3633 COVID-era video visits [30.4%] vs 1435 COVID-era telephone visits [35.0%];P < .001 for all comparisons), have private insurance (34 063 pre-COVID in-person visits [39.1%] vs 25 474 COVID-era in-person visits [34.2%] vs 2562 COVID-era video visits [54.3%] vs 4264 COVID-era telephone visits [41.1%];P < .001 for COVID-era in-person vs video and COVID-era in-person vs telephone), and have cardiovascular comorbidities (eg, hypertension: 37 166 pre-COVID in-person visits [42.6%] vs 31 359 COVID-era in-person visits [42.1%] vs 2006 COVID-era video visits [42.5%] vs 5181 COVID-era telephone visits [49.9%];P < .001 for COVID-era in-person vs telephone; and heart failure: 14 319 pre-COVID in-person visits [16.4%] vs 10 488 COVID-era in-person visits [14.1%] vs 1172 COVID-era video visits [24.8%] vs 2674 COVID-era telephone visits [25.8%];P < .001 for COVID-era in-person vs video and COVID-era in-person vs telephone). After adjusting for patient and visit characteristics and in comparison with pre-COVID in-person visits, during video and telephone visits, clinicians had lower odds of ordering any medication (COVID-era in-person: odds ratio [OR], 0.62 [95% CI, 0.60-0.64], COVID-era video: OR, 0.22 [95% CI, 0.20-0.24]; COVID-era telephone: OR, 0.14 [95% CI, 0.13-0.15]) or tests, such as electrocardiograms (COVID-era in-person: OR, 0.60 [95% CI, 0.58-0.62]; COVID-era video: OR, 0.03 [95% CI, 0.02-0.04]; COVID-era telephone: OR, 0.02 [95% CI, 0.01-0.03]) or echocardiograms (COVID-era in-person: OR, 1.21 [95% CI, 1.18-1.24]; COVID-era video: OR, 0.47 [95% CI, 0.42-0.52]; COVID-era telephone: OR, 0.28 [95% CI, 0.25-0.31]). Conclusions and Relevance Patients who were Asian, Black, or Hispanic, had private insurance, and had at least one of several cardiovascular comorbidities used remote cardiovascular care more frequently in the COVID-era period. Clinician ordering of diagnostic testing and medications consistently decreased when comparing pre-COVID vs COVID-era and in-person vs remote visits. Further studies are needed to clarify whether these decreases represent a reduction in the overuse of tests and medications vs an underuse of indicated testing and prescribing. ImportanceThe COVID-19 pandemic has led to an unprecedented shift in ambulatory cardiovascular care from in-person to remote visits. ObjectiveTo understand whether the transition to remote visits is associated with disparities in patient use of care, diagnostic test ordering, and medication prescribing. Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study used electronic health records data for all ambulatory cardiology visits at an urban, multisite health system in Los Angeles County, California, during 2 periods: April 1, 2019, to December 31, 2019 (pre-COVID) and April 1 to December 31, 2020 (COVID-era). Statistical analysis was performed from January to February 2021. ExposureIn-person or remote ambulatory cardiology clinic visit at one of 31 during the pre-COVID period or COVID-era period. Main Outcomes and MeasuresComparison of patient characteristics and frequencies of medication ordering and cardiology-specific testing across 4 visit types (pre-COVID in-person (reference), COVID-era in-person, COVID-era video, COVID-era telephone). ResultsThis study analyzed data from 87 182 pre-COVID in-person, 74 498 COVID-era in-person, 4720 COVID-era video, and 10 381 COVID-era telephone visits. Across visits, 79 572 patients were female (45.0%), 127 080 patients were non-Hispanic White (71.9%), and the mean (SD) age was 68.1 (17.0) years. Patients accessing COVID-era remote visits were more likely to be Asian, Black, or Hispanic individuals (24 934 pre-COVID in-person visits [28.6%] vs 19 742 COVID-era in-person visits [26.5%] vs 3633 COVID-era video visits [30.4%] vs 1435 COVID-era telephone visits [35.0%]; P < .001 for all comparisons), have private insurance (34 063 pre-COVID in-person visits [39.1%] vs 25 474 COVID-era in-person visits [34.2%] vs 2562 COVID-era video visits [54.3%] vs 4264 COVID-era telephone visits [41.1%]; P < .001 for COVID-era in-person vs video and COVID-era in-person vs telephone), and have cardiovascular comorbidities (eg, hypertension: 37 166 pre-COVID in-person visits [42.6%] vs 31 359 COVID-era in-person visits [42.1%] vs 2006 COVID-era video visits [42.5%] vs 5181 COVID-era telephone visits [49.9%]; P < .001 for COVID-era in-person vs telephone; and heart failure: 14 319 pre-COVID in-person visits [16.4%] vs 10 488 COVID-era in-person visits [14.1%] vs 1172 COVID-era video visits [24.8%] vs 2674 COVID-era telephone visits [25.8%]; P < .001 for COVID-era in-person vs video and COVID-era in-person vs telephone). After adjusting for patient and visit characteristics and in comparison with pre-COVID in-person visits, during video and telephone visits, clinicians had lower odds of ordering any medication (COVID-era in-person: odds ratio [OR], 0.62 [95% CI, 0.60-0.64], COVID-era video: OR, 0.22 [95% CI, 0.20-0.24]; COVID-era telephone: OR, 0.14 [95% CI, 0.13-0.15]) or tests, such as electrocardiograms (COVID-era in-person: OR, 0.60 [95% CI, 0.58-0.62]; COVID-era video: OR, 0.03 [95% CI, 0.02-0.04]; COVID-era telephone: OR, 0.02 [95% CI, 0.01-0.03]) or echocardiograms (COVID-era in-person: OR, 1.21 [95% CI, 1.18-1.24]; COVID-era video: OR, 0.47 [95% CI, 0.42-0.52]; COVID-era telephone: OR, 0.28 [95% CI, 0.25-0.31]). Conclusions and RelevancePatients who were Asian, Black, or Hispanic, had private insurance, and had at least one of several cardiovascular comorbidities used remote cardiovascular care more frequently in the COVID-era period. Clinician ordering of diagnostic testing and medications consistently decreased when comparing pre-COVID vs COVID-era and in-person vs remote visits. Further studies are needed to clarify whether these decreases represent a reduction in the overuse of tests and medications vs an underuse of indicated testing and prescribing. |
Author | Miller, Shaun J Ebinger, Joseph E Yuan, Neal Pevnick, Joshua M Cheng, Susan Botting, Patrick G Elad, Yaron |
AuthorAffiliation | 3 Division of Informatics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 1 Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 2 Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 3 Division of Informatics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California – name: 2 Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California – name: 1 Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Neal surname: Yuan fullname: Yuan, Neal organization: Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California – sequence: 2 givenname: Joshua M surname: Pevnick fullname: Pevnick, Joshua M organization: Division of Informatics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California – sequence: 3 givenname: Patrick G surname: Botting fullname: Botting, Patrick G organization: Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California – sequence: 4 givenname: Yaron surname: Elad fullname: Elad, Yaron organization: Division of Informatics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California – sequence: 5 givenname: Shaun J surname: Miller fullname: Miller, Shaun J organization: Division of Informatics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California – sequence: 6 givenname: Susan surname: Cheng fullname: Cheng, Susan organization: Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California – sequence: 7 givenname: Joseph E surname: Ebinger fullname: Ebinger, Joseph E organization: Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California |
BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33818619$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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Copyright | 2021. This work is published under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. Copyright 2021 Yuan N et al. . |
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References | Uscher-Pines (zoi210155r1) Pekmezaris (zoi210155r4) 2018; 37 Contreras (zoi210155r15) 2020; 24 Merriel (zoi210155r6) 2014; 64 Dorsey (zoi210155r13) 2016; 375 zoi210155r23 Margolis (zoi210155r7) 2018; 1 zoi210155r2 Syed (zoi210155r22) 2013; 38 Choi (zoi210155r17) 2011; 13 Webb Hooper (zoi210155r20) 2020; 323 Brunetti (zoi210155r10) 2015; 184 Hong (zoi210155r18) 2017; 72 Mitchell (zoi210155r19) 2019; 59 Satou (zoi210155r8) 2017; 135 Uscher-Pines (zoi210155r24) 2015; 175 Albert (zoi210155r25) 2020; 49 Kitsiou (zoi210155r5) 2015; 17 Hunt (zoi210155r14) 2020; 4 zoi210155r11 Ayanian (zoi210155r16) 1993; 329 Lopes (zoi210155r9) 2019; 113 von Elm (zoi210155r12) 2014; 12 Sana (zoi210155r3) 2020; 75 Richardson (zoi210155r21) 2020; 323 |
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Snippet | The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an unprecedented shift in ambulatory cardiovascular care from in-person to remote visits.
To understand whether the transition... Importance The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an unprecedented shift in ambulatory cardiovascular care from in-person to remote visits. Objective To understand... ImportanceThe COVID-19 pandemic has led to an unprecedented shift in ambulatory cardiovascular care from in-person to remote visits. ObjectiveTo understand... This cross-sectional study examines ambulatory cardiology clinic visit data and whether the transition to remote visits during COVID-19 is associated with... |
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SubjectTerms | Aged Aged, 80 and over Ambulatory Care Ambulatory Care Facilities Cardiology Cardiology - methods Cardiovascular Diseases - diagnosis Cardiovascular Diseases - therapy Coronaviruses COVID-19 Cross-Sectional Studies Ethnic Groups Female Health Policy Healthcare Disparities Hispanic people Humans Insurance, Health Male Middle Aged Online Only Original Investigation Pandemics Patient Acceptance of Health Care Patients Practice Patterns, Physicians SARS-CoV-2 Telemedicine Telemedicine - methods |
Title | Patient Use and Clinical Practice Patterns of Remote Cardiology Clinic Visits in the Era of COVID-19 |
URI | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33818619 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2667849771 https://search.proquest.com/docview/2508893222 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC8022216 |
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