Case Studies of Pre- and Midtrial Prejudice in Criminal and Civil Litigation
This paper presents a number of case studies involving pre- and midtrial prejudice in criminal and civil litigation. The cases reveal deficiencies in the way that prejudicial publicity has been conceptualized and operationalized in many simulation experiments. The studies reveal that potential juror...
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Published in | Law and human behavior Vol. 26; no. 1; pp. 73 - 105 |
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Main Author | |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
United States
Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers
01.02.2002
American Psychological Law Society |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Abstract | This paper presents a number of case studies involving pre- and midtrial prejudice in criminal and civil litigation. The cases reveal deficiencies in the way that prejudicial publicity has been conceptualized and operationalized in many simulation experiments. The studies reveal that potential juror prejudices that concern lawyers and judges involve more than just main effects of mass media. Pre- and midtrial prejudice also involves more general prejudices, gossip and rumor, the assertion of community normative values about justice, and conformity pressures. Four categories of prejudice recognized in American law are described and labeled: interest, specific, generic, and conformity prejudice. The case studies also reveal interesting dynamics involving "minimization" and inconsistency in jurors' self-reports of attitudes which contradict a commonly held judicial view that superficial questioning is sufficient to uncover prejudice. Despite identifying deficiencies in the simulation literature, the paper concludes that experimental research is necessary to provide answers to causal questions that case studies and field research cannot ordinarily provide. |
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AbstractList | This paper presents a number of case studies involving pre- and midtrial prejudice in criminal and civil litigation. The cases reveal deficiencies in the way that prejudicial publicity has been conceptualized and operationalized in many simulation experiments. The studies reveal that potential juror prejudices that concern lawyers and judges involve more than just main effects of mass media. Pre- and midtrial prejudice also involves more general prejudices, gossip and rumor, the assertion of community normative values about justice, and conformity pressures. Four categories of prejudice recognized in American law are described and labeled: interest, specific, generic, and conformity prejudice. The case studies also reveal interesting dynamics involving "minimization" and inconsistency in jurors' self-reports of attitudes which contradict a commonly held judicial view that superficial questioning is sufficient to uncover prejudice. Despite identifying deficiencies in the simulation literature, the paper concludes that experimental research is necessary to provide answers to causal questions that case studies and field research cannot ordinarily provide. This paper presents a number of case studies involving pre- and midtrial prejudice in criminal and civil litigation. The cases reveal deficiencies in the way that prejudicial publicity has been conceptualized and operationalized in many simulation experiments. The studies reveal that potential juror prejudices that concern lawyers and judges involve more than just main effects of mass media. Pre- and midtrial prejudice also involves more general prejudices, gossip and rumor, the assertion of community normative values about justice, and conformity pressures. Four categories of prejudice recognized in American law are described and labeled: interest, specific, generic, and conformity prejudice. The case studies also reveal dynamics involving "minimization" and inconsistency in jurors' self-reports of attitudes which contradict a commonly held judicial view that superficial questioning is sufficient to uncover prejudice. Despite identifying deficiencies in the simulation literature, the paper concludes that experimental research is necessary to provide answers to causal questions that case studies and field research cannot ordinarily provide. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) |
Author | Vidmar, Neil |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Neil surname: Vidmar fullname: Vidmar, Neil organization: School of Law, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina |
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Copyright | 2002 American Psychology-Law Society/Division 41 of the American Psychological Association Copyright 2002 American Psychology-Law Society/Division 41 of the American Psychological Association Copyright (c) 2002 American Psychology-Law Society/Division 41 of the American Psychology Association |
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SubjectTerms | Case law Case studies Civil Law Civil Rights - legislation & jurisprudence Communities Conformity Criminal Law Criminal Law - legislation & jurisprudence Decision making Defendants Evidence Experimentation Gossip Guilty verdicts Human Humans Judges & magistrates judicial system Juries juror prejudices Jurors Laboratories Legal Processes Litigation Mass Media Mass Media - legislation & jurisprudence Plaintiffs Prejudice Prejudices Public Opinion Simulation Studies Trials Voir dire |
Title | Case Studies of Pre- and Midtrial Prejudice in Criminal and Civil Litigation |
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