Model tests on horizontal pile-to-pile interaction incorporating local non-linearity and resonance effects
Dynamic experimental studies on horizontal interaction factors for laterally loaded model soil–pile systems subjected to low-to-high amplitude pile head loading are reported, focusing on the effect of dynamics and local non-linearity. Results obtained from dynamic experiments with different amplitud...
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Published in | Soil dynamics and earthquake engineering (1984) Vol. 48; pp. 175 - 192 |
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Abstract | Dynamic experimental studies on horizontal interaction factors for laterally loaded model soil–pile systems subjected to low-to-high amplitude pile head loading are reported, focusing on the effect of dynamics and local non-linearity. Results obtained from dynamic experiments with different amplitudes of harmonic lateral loading on instrumented model soil–pile systems conducted on a shaking table indicate that the resonance of soil–pile system shows a profound impact on the horizontal interaction factors. Furthermore, behavior of the soil–pile system becomes highly non-linear with increasing amplitude of loading, as the extent of local non-linearity around the pile increases. Consequently, group effects cannot be predicted by using established approximate equations based on the assumption of linear viscoelastic behavior. To this end, new semi-empirical equations are proposed for obtaining the horizontal interaction factors, as an extension of available approximate equations to incorporate the local non-linear behavior of soil–pile system for both small and large pile spacings.
► Horizontal pile-to-pile interaction factors are measured experimentally. ► Range of dynamic loads is used to induce low-to-high shear strains in soil. ► Local non-linearity and resonance effects of soil show profound impact on results. ► Existing approximate solutions cannot account for local soil non-linearity. ► Equations for approximation incorporating local soil non-linearity are proposed. |
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AbstractList | Dynamic experimental studies on horizontal interaction factors for laterally loaded model soil–pile systems subjected to low-to-high amplitude pile head loading are reported, focusing on the effect of dynamics and local non-linearity. Results obtained from dynamic experiments with different amplitudes of harmonic lateral loading on instrumented model soil–pile systems conducted on a shaking table indicate that the resonance of soil–pile system shows a profound impact on the horizontal interaction factors. Furthermore, behavior of the soil–pile system becomes highly non-linear with increasing amplitude of loading, as the extent of local non-linearity around the pile increases. Consequently, group effects cannot be predicted by using established approximate equations based on the assumption of linear viscoelastic behavior. To this end, new semi-empirical equations are proposed for obtaining the horizontal interaction factors, as an extension of available approximate equations to incorporate the local non-linear behavior of soil–pile system for both small and large pile spacings.
► Horizontal pile-to-pile interaction factors are measured experimentally. ► Range of dynamic loads is used to induce low-to-high shear strains in soil. ► Local non-linearity and resonance effects of soil show profound impact on results. ► Existing approximate solutions cannot account for local soil non-linearity. ► Equations for approximation incorporating local soil non-linearity are proposed. Dynamic experimental studies on horizontal interaction factors for laterally loaded model soil-pile systems subjected to low-to-high amplitude pile head loading are reported, focusing on the effect of dynamics and local non-linearity. Results obtained from dynamic experiments with different amplitudes of harmonic lateral loading on instrumented model soil-pile systems conducted on a shaking table indicate that the resonance of soil-pile system shows a profound impact on the horizontal interaction factors. Furthermore, behavior of the soil-pile system becomes highly non-linear with increasing amplitude of loading, as the extent of local non-linearity around the pile increases. Consequently, group effects cannot be predicted by using established approximate equations based on the assumption of linear viscoelastic behavior. To this end, new semi-empirical equations are proposed for obtaining the horizontal interaction factors, as an extension of available approximate equations to incorporate the local non-linear behavior of soil-pile system for both small and large pile spacings. |
Author | Goit, Chandra Shekhar Mylonakis, George Kawakami, Hideji Saitoh, Masato Oikawa, Hiroki |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Chandra Shekhar surname: Goit fullname: Goit, Chandra Shekhar email: chandra@kiban.civil.saitama-u.ac.jp, csgoit@gmail.com organization: Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Saitama, Japan – sequence: 2 givenname: Masato surname: Saitoh fullname: Saitoh, Masato organization: Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Saitama, Japan – sequence: 3 givenname: George surname: Mylonakis fullname: Mylonakis, George organization: Department of Civil Engineering, University of Patras, 265 00 Patras, Greece – sequence: 4 givenname: Hideji surname: Kawakami fullname: Kawakami, Hideji organization: Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Saitama, Japan – sequence: 5 givenname: Hiroki surname: Oikawa fullname: Oikawa, Hiroki organization: Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Saitama, Japan |
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Cites_doi | 10.3208/sandf1972.29.105 10.3208/sandf.41.3_31 10.1680/geot.1988.38.4.557 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1984)110:1(20) 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1999)125:1(16) 10.1016/S0267-7261(02)00212-9 10.1002/eqe.4290210204 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1991)117:10(1531) |
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References_xml | – year: 1980 ident: bib1 article-title: Pile foundation analysis and design contributor: fullname: Davis – volume: 117 start-page: 1531 year: 1991 end-page: 1548 ident: bib17 article-title: Dynamic interaction factors for floating pile groups publication-title: Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE contributor: fullname: Kausel – year: 1994 ident: bib5 article-title: The boundary element methods in engineering contributor: fullname: Banerjee – volume: 41 start-page: 31 year: 2001 end-page: 44 ident: bib8 article-title: Elastodynamic model for large-diameter end-bearing shafts publication-title: Soils and Foundations contributor: fullname: Mylonakis – volume: 21 start-page: 145 year: 1992 end-page: 162 ident: bib3 article-title: Dynamic pile-soil-pile interaction. Part II: Lateral and seismic response publication-title: Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics contributor: fullname: Gazetas – volume: 23 start-page: 213 year: 2003 end-page: 221 ident: bib21 article-title: Single beam analogy for describing soil-pile group interaction publication-title: Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering contributor: fullname: Yoshitaka – year: 2001 ident: bib19 article-title: Response to harmonic and periodic excitations, in: Dynamics of structures: Theory and applications to earthquake engineering contributor: fullname: Chopra – volume: 38 start-page: 557 year: 1988 end-page: 574 ident: bib6 article-title: Simple method for dynamic stiffness and damping of floating pile groups publication-title: Geotechnique contributor: fullname: Gazetas – volume: 125 start-page: 16 year: 1999 end-page: 25 ident: bib2 article-title: Lateral vibration and internal forces of grouped piles in layered soil publication-title: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE contributor: fullname: Gazetas – volume: 110 start-page: 20 year: 1984 end-page: 40 ident: bib18 article-title: Horizontal response of piles in layered soils publication-title: Journal of Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE contributor: fullname: Dobry – volume: 29 start-page: 105 year: 1989 end-page: 119 ident: bib12 article-title: Similitude for shaking table tests on soil-structure-fluid model in 1g gravitational field publication-title: Japanese Society of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Soils and Foundations contributor: fullname: Iai – ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2013.02.002_bib11 – volume: 29 start-page: 105 issue: 1 year: 1989 ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2013.02.002_bib12 article-title: Similitude for shaking table tests on soil-structure-fluid model in 1g gravitational field publication-title: Japanese Society of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Soils and Foundations doi: 10.3208/sandf1972.29.105 contributor: fullname: Iai – volume: 41 start-page: 31 issue: 3 year: 2001 ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2013.02.002_bib8 article-title: Elastodynamic model for large-diameter end-bearing shafts publication-title: Soils and Foundations doi: 10.3208/sandf.41.3_31 contributor: fullname: Mylonakis – volume: 38 start-page: 557 issue: 4 year: 1988 ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2013.02.002_bib6 article-title: Simple method for dynamic stiffness and damping of floating pile groups publication-title: Geotechnique doi: 10.1680/geot.1988.38.4.557 contributor: fullname: Dobry – year: 2001 ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2013.02.002_bib19 contributor: fullname: Chopra – ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2013.02.002_bib10 – ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2013.02.002_bib13 – ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2013.02.002_bib16 – ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2013.02.002_bib14 – ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2013.02.002_bib15 – volume: 110 start-page: 20 issue: 1 year: 1984 ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2013.02.002_bib18 article-title: Horizontal response of piles in layered soils publication-title: Journal of Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1984)110:1(20) contributor: fullname: Gazetas – year: 1980 ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2013.02.002_bib1 contributor: fullname: Poulos – volume: 125 start-page: 16 issue: 1 year: 1999 ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2013.02.002_bib2 article-title: Lateral vibration and internal forces of grouped piles in layered soil publication-title: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1999)125:1(16) contributor: fullname: Mylonakis – volume: 23 start-page: 213 year: 2003 ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2013.02.002_bib21 article-title: Single beam analogy for describing soil-pile group interaction publication-title: Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering doi: 10.1016/S0267-7261(02)00212-9 contributor: fullname: Konagai – volume: 21 start-page: 145 year: 1992 ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2013.02.002_bib3 article-title: Dynamic pile-soil-pile interaction. Part II: Lateral and seismic response publication-title: Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics doi: 10.1002/eqe.4290210204 contributor: fullname: Makris – year: 1994 ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2013.02.002_bib5 contributor: fullname: Banerjee – volume: 117 start-page: 1531 issue: 10 year: 1991 ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2013.02.002_bib17 article-title: Dynamic interaction factors for floating pile groups publication-title: Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1991)117:10(1531) contributor: fullname: Gazetas – ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2013.02.002_bib9 – ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2013.02.002_bib4 – ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2013.02.002_bib7 – ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2013.02.002_bib20 |
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Title | Model tests on horizontal pile-to-pile interaction incorporating local non-linearity and resonance effects |
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