Impact of biochar amendments on the quality of a typical Midwestern agricultural soil
Biochar, a co-product of thermochemical conversion of lignocellulosic materials into advanced biofuels, may be used as a soil amendment to enhance the sustainability of biomass harvesting. We investigated the impact of biochar amendments (0, 5, 10, and 20 g-biochar kg − 1 soil) on the quality of a C...
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| Published in | Geoderma Vol. 158; no. 3; pp. 443 - 449 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Amsterdam
Elsevier B.V
15.09.2010
Elsevier |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Biochar, a co-product of thermochemical conversion of lignocellulosic materials into advanced biofuels, may be used as a soil amendment to enhance the sustainability of biomass harvesting. We investigated the impact of biochar amendments (0, 5, 10, and 20
g-biochar
kg
−
1
soil) on the quality of a Clarion soil (Mesic Typic Hapludolls), collected (0–15
cm) in Boone County, Iowa. Repacked soil columns were incubated for 500
days at 25
°C and 80% relative humidity. On week 12, 5
g of dried and ground swine manure was incorporated into the upper 3
cm of soil for half of the columns. Once each week, all columns were leached with 200
mL of 0.001
M CaCl
2. Soil bulk density increased with time for all columns and was significantly lower for biochar amended soils relative to the un-amended soils. The biochar amended soils retained more water at gravity drained equilibrium (up to 15%), had greater water retention at −
1 and −5
bars soil water matric potential, (13 and 10% greater, respectively), larger specific surface areas (up to 18%), higher cation exchange capacities (up to 20%), and pH values (up to 1 pH unit) relative to the un-amended controls. No effect of biochar on saturated hydraulic conductivity was detected. The biochar amendments significantly increased total N (up to 7%), organic C (up to 69%), and Mehlich III extractable P, K, Mg and Ca but had no effect on Mehlich III extractable S, Cu, and Zn. The results indicate that biochar amendments have the potential to substantially improve the quality and fertility status of Midwestern agricultural soils. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Biochar, a co-product of thermochemical conversion of lignocellulosic materials into advanced biofuels, may be used as a soil amendment to enhance the sustainability of biomass harvesting. We investigated the impact of biochar amendments (0, 5, 10, and 20 g-biochar kg super(- 1) soil) on the quality of a Clarion soil (Mesic Typic Hapludolls), collected (0-15 cm) in Boone County, Iowa. Repacked soil columns were incubated for 500 days at 25 C and 80% relative humidity. On week 12, 5 g of dried and ground swine manure was incorporated into the upper 3 cm of soil for half of the columns. Once each week, all columns were leached with 200 mL of 0.001 M CaCl sub(2). Soil bulk density increased with time for all columns and was significantly lower for biochar amended soils relative to the un-amended soils. The biochar amended soils retained more water at gravity drained equilibrium (up to 15%), had greater water retention at - 1 and -5 bars soil water matric potential, (13 and 10% greater, respectively), larger specific surface areas (up to 18%), higher cation exchange capacities (up to 20%), and pH values (up to 1 pH unit) relative to the un-amended controls. No effect of biochar on saturated hydraulic conductivity was detected. The biochar amendments significantly increased total N (up to 7%), organic C (up to 69%), and Mehlich III extractable P, K, Mg and Ca but had no effect on Mehlich III extractable S, Cu, and Zn. The results indicate that biochar amendments have the potential to substantially improve the quality and fertility status of Midwestern agricultural soils. Biochar, a co-product of thermochemical conversion of lignocellulosic materials into advanced biofuels, may be used as a soil amendment to enhance the sustainability of biomass harvesting. We investigated the impact of biochar amendments (0, 5, 10, and 20 g-biochar kg − 1 soil) on the quality of a Clarion soil (Mesic Typic Hapludolls), collected (0–15 cm) in Boone County, Iowa. Repacked soil columns were incubated for 500 days at 25 °C and 80% relative humidity. On week 12, 5 g of dried and ground swine manure was incorporated into the upper 3 cm of soil for half of the columns. Once each week, all columns were leached with 200 mL of 0.001 M CaCl 2. Soil bulk density increased with time for all columns and was significantly lower for biochar amended soils relative to the un-amended soils. The biochar amended soils retained more water at gravity drained equilibrium (up to 15%), had greater water retention at − 1 and −5 bars soil water matric potential, (13 and 10% greater, respectively), larger specific surface areas (up to 18%), higher cation exchange capacities (up to 20%), and pH values (up to 1 pH unit) relative to the un-amended controls. No effect of biochar on saturated hydraulic conductivity was detected. The biochar amendments significantly increased total N (up to 7%), organic C (up to 69%), and Mehlich III extractable P, K, Mg and Ca but had no effect on Mehlich III extractable S, Cu, and Zn. The results indicate that biochar amendments have the potential to substantially improve the quality and fertility status of Midwestern agricultural soils. |
| Author | Horton, Robert Karlen, Douglas L. Laird, David A. Wang, Baiqun Davis, Dedrick D. Fleming, Pierce |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: David A. surname: Laird fullname: Laird, David A. email: david.laird@ars.usda.gov organization: USDA, ARS, National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment, 2110 University Blvd., Ames IA 50011, United States – sequence: 2 givenname: Pierce surname: Fleming fullname: Fleming, Pierce organization: USDA, ARS, National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment, 2110 University Blvd., Ames IA 50011, United States – sequence: 3 givenname: Dedrick D. surname: Davis fullname: Davis, Dedrick D. organization: Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames IA 50011, United States – sequence: 4 givenname: Robert surname: Horton fullname: Horton, Robert organization: Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames IA 50011, United States – sequence: 5 givenname: Baiqun surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Baiqun organization: State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China – sequence: 6 givenname: Douglas L. surname: Karlen fullname: Karlen, Douglas L. organization: USDA, ARS, National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment, 2110 University Blvd., Ames IA 50011, United States |
| BackLink | http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=23207655$$DView record in Pascal Francis |
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| CODEN | GEDMAB |
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| Snippet | Biochar, a co-product of thermochemical conversion of lignocellulosic materials into advanced biofuels, may be used as a soil amendment to enhance the... |
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| SubjectTerms | Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions Biochar Biological and medical sciences Black carbon Charcoal Earth sciences Earth, ocean, space Exact sciences and technology Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Geochemistry Manure Soil and rock geochemistry Soil quality Soils Surficial geology |
| Title | Impact of biochar amendments on the quality of a typical Midwestern agricultural soil |
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