Physics of Rubber Elasticity (3rd Edition)

This book provides a critical review of the equilibrium elastic properties of rubber, together with the kinetic-theory background. It is suitable for the non-specialist and the emphasis is on the physical reality embodied in the mathematical formulations. Polymer science had developed greatly since...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author Treloar, L. R. G.
Format eBook Book
LanguageEnglish
Published Oxford Oxford University Press 2005
Clarendon Press
Oxford University Press, Incorporated
Edition3
Subjects
Condensed Matter
Condensed Matter Physics
Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
Cryogenics
Elastic properties
Elasticity
Materials Science
Mechanical
Mechanical engineering & materials
Mechanical Engineering and Materials
Physics
Plastics & Rubber
Properties & Testing
Rubber
SCIENCE
TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING
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Table of Contents:
  • Title Page Prefaces Table of Contents 1. General Physical Properties of Rubbers 2. Internal Energy and Entropy Changes on Deformation 3. The Elasticity of Long-Chain Molecules 4. The Elasticity of a Molecular Network 5. Experimental Examination of the Statistical Theory 6. Non-Gaussian Chain Statistics And Network Theory 7. Swelling Phenomena 8. Cross-Linking and Modulus 9. Photoelastic Properties of Rubbers 10. The General Strain: Phenomenological Theory 11. Alternative Forms of Strain-Energy Function 12. Large-Deformation Theory: Shear and Torsion 13. Thermodynamic Analysis of Gaussian Network References Author Index Subject Index
  • 6.4. Alternative derivation of tension on chain -- 6.5. The exact distribution function -- 6.6. Application to real molecular structures -- 6.7. Non-Gaussian network theory -- 6.8. Comparison with experiment -- 6.9. Possible influence of crystallization -- 6.10. The equivalent random link -- 7. SWELLING PHENOMENA -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. General thermodynamic principles -- 7.3. Experimental data -- 7.4. Significance of thermodynamic quantities -- 7.5. Statistical treatment of swelling -- 7.6. Comparison with experiment -- 7.7. The swelling of cross-linked polymers -- 7.8. Relation between swelling and modulus -- 7.9. The cohesive-energy density -- 7.10. The dependence of swelling on strain -- 7.11. Experiments on swelling of strained rubber -- 7.12. Swelling under torsional strain -- 8. CROSS-LINKING AND MODULUS -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. Early work -- 8.3. The experiments of Moore and Watson and of Mullins -- 8.4. Effect of entanglements -- 8.5. Discussion and conclusion -- 9. PHOTOELASTIC PROPERTIES OF RUBBERS -- 9.1. Refractive index and polarizability -- 9.2. Optical properties of long-chain molecules -- 9.3. The Gaussian network -- 9.4. The effect of swelling -- 9.5. The non-Gaussian network -- 9.6. Measurement of birefringence -- 9.7. Investigations on natural rubber -- 9.8. The effect of the degree of cross-linking -- 9.9. Polyethylene -- 9.10. Optical properties of the monomer unit -- 9.11. The equivalent random link -- 9.12. The effect of swelling on stress-optical coefficient -- 9.13. Temperature dependence of optical anisotropy -- 10. THE GENERAL STRAIN: PHENOMENOLOGICAL THEORY -- 10.1. Introduction -- 10.2. The theory of Mooney -- 10.3. Rivlin's formulation -- 10.4. Pure homogeneous strain -- 10.5. The general strain: early experiments -- 10.6. The experiments of Rivlin and Saunders -- 10.7. Interpretation of Mooney plots
  • Intro -- CONTENTS -- 1. GENERAL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF RUBBER -- 1.1. What is a rubber? -- 1.2. Chemical constitution of rubbers -- 1.3. Early theories of rubber elasticity -- 1.4. The kinetic theory of elasticity -- 1.5. Cross-linking and vulcanization: network theory -- 1.6. The glass-rubber transition -- 1.7. Crystallization in raw rubber -- 1.8. Crystallization in the stretched state -- 2. INTERNAL ENERGY AND ENTROPY CHANGES ON DEFORMATION -- 2.1. Stress-temperature relations -- 2.2. Thermodynamic analysis -- 2.3. Application to experimental data -- 2.4. Interpretation of thermoelastic data -- 2.5. Thermal effects of extension -- 2.6. Conclusion -- 3. THE ELASTICITY OF LONG-CHAIN MOLECULES -- 3.1. Statistical properties of long-chain molecules -- 3.2. Statistical form of long-chain molecule -- 3.3. The randomly jointed chain -- 3.4. Properties of Gaussian functions -- 3.5. The distribution of r-values -- 3.6. Equivalent random chain -- 3.7. The entropy of a single chain -- 3.8. The tension on a chain -- 4. THE ELASTICITY OF A MOLECULAR NETWORK -- 4.1. The nature of the problem -- 4.2. Detailed development of the theory -- 4.3. Significance of theoretical conclusions -- 4.4. The principal stresses -- 4.5. Significance of single elastic constant -- 4.6. The elastic properties of a swollen rubber -- 4.7. Development of the theory -- 4.8. Network imperfections: 'loose end' corrections -- 4.9. The absolute value of the modulus -- 5. EXPERIMENTAL EXAMINATION OF THE STATISTICAL THEORY -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Particular stress-strain relations -- 5.3. Experimental examination of stress-strain relations -- 5.4. Deviations from theory: Mooney equation -- 5.5. General conclusions -- 6. NON-GAUSSIAN CHAIN STATISTICS AND NETWORK THEORY -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Statistical treatment of randomly jointed chain -- 6.3. Entropy and tension
  • 10.8. Molecular significance of deviations from statistical theory -- 11. ALTERNATIVE FORMS OF STRAIN-ENERGY FUNCTION -- 11.1. Survey of alternative proposals -- 11.2. Ogden's formulation -- 11.3. The Valanis-Landel hypothesis -- 11.4. Experimental examination of Valanis-Landel hypothesis -- 11.5. Form of the function w'(&amp -- #955 -- ) -- 11.6. Re-examination in terms of strain invariants -- 12. LARGE-DEFORMATION THEORY: SHEAR AND TORSION -- 12.1. Introduction: components of stress -- 12.2. Stress components in simple shear -- 12.3. Torsion of a cylinder -- 12.4. Generalization of preceding results -- 12.5. Experimental verification -- 12.6. Further problems in torsion -- 12.7. Simultaneous extension, inflation, and shear of cylindrical annulus -- 12.8. Application of Ogden formulation -- 13. THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF GAUSSIAN NETWORK -- 13.1. Introduction -- 13.2. Force-extension relation for Gaussian network -- 13.3. Stress-temperature relations -- 13.4. Internal energy and entropy changes -- 13.5. Measurements at constant volume -- 13.6. Values of f[sub(e)]/f -- 13.7. Alternative experimental methods -- 13.8. Theoretical analysis of torsion -- 13.9. Experimental data for torsion -- 13.10. Volume changes due to stress -- 13.11. Experimental examination -- 13.12. Volume changes in torsion -- 13.13. Calorimetric determination of internal-energy contribution to stress -- 13.14. Temperature dependence of chain dimensions -- 13.15. Conclusion -- REFERENCES -- AUTHOR INDEX -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- V -- W -- Y -- SUBJECT INDEX -- B -- C -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- V