Soil contamination near non-ferrous metal smelters: A review

This review summarizes over 160 studies focused on soil contamination near non-ferrous metal smelters. The methods of these investigations were examined with an emphasis on the combinations of traditional (geo)chemical approaches with various mineralogical and metal isotope techniques that are parti...

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Published inApplied geochemistry Vol. 64; pp. 56 - 74
Main Author Ettler, Vojtěch
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Elsevier Ltd 01.01.2016
Subjects
bioavailability
climatic zones
emissions
geochemistry
isotopes
Metal(loid)s
Non-ferrous metal smelting
Pollution
remediation
Soil
soil biota
soil pollution
soil profiles
soil surface layers
wind direction
Soil
Pollution
Non-ferrous metal smelting
Metal(loid)s
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Abstract This review summarizes over 160 studies focused on soil contamination near non-ferrous metal smelters. The methods of these investigations were examined with an emphasis on the combinations of traditional (geo)chemical approaches with various mineralogical and metal isotope techniques that are particularly helpful for depicting the fate of smelter-derived contamination in the soil. Differences in the distributions and binding of metal(loid)s in smelter-affected soils from temperate and (sub)tropical climatic zones indicate the greater vulnerability of the latter. Prevailing wind direction is a key factor affecting the dispersion of smelter emissions and their subsequent deposition into the soils, with greater importance found especially in arid areas. Whereas the greatest contamination is generally observed in the surface soil layers, downward migration of metal(loid)s in the soil profiles has been documented at numerous sites. Contamination of smelter soils significantly affects both plants and soil organisms, but suitable remediation techniques (such as chemical stabilization of soils by amendments) can be used for reducing the bioavailability of contaminants. [Display omitted] •High levels of metal(loid)s in topsoils affected by non-ferrous metal smelters.•Contamination hotspots in soils near smelters reflect prevailing wind direction.•Fate of contaminants in soils controlled by the mineralogy of smelter particulates.•Multi-isotope techniques enable tracing the smelter-related contamination in soils.•Remediation techniques reduce contaminant bioavailability from smelter soils.
AbstractList This review summarizes over 160 studies focused on soil contamination near non-ferrous metal smelters. The methods of these investigations were examined with an emphasis on the combinations of traditional (geo)chemical approaches with various mineralogical and metal isotope techniques that are particularly helpful for depicting the fate of smelter-derived contamination in the soil. Differences in the distributions and binding of metal(loid)s in smelter-affected soils from temperate and (sub)tropical climatic zones indicate the greater vulnerability of the latter. Prevailing wind direction is a key factor affecting the dispersion of smelter emissions and their subsequent deposition into the soils, with greater importance found especially in arid areas. Whereas the greatest contamination is generally observed in the surface soil layers, downward migration of metal(loid)s in the soil profiles has been documented at numerous sites. Contamination of smelter soils significantly affects both plants and soil organisms, but suitable remediation techniques (such as chemical stabilization of soils by amendments) can be used for reducing the bioavailability of contaminants.
This review summarizes over 160 studies focused on soil contamination near non-ferrous metal smelters. The methods of these investigations were examined with an emphasis on the combinations of traditional (geo)chemical approaches with various mineralogical and metal isotope techniques that are particularly helpful for depicting the fate of smelter-derived contamination in the soil. Differences in the distributions and binding of metal(loid)s in smelter-affected soils from temperate and (sub)tropical climatic zones indicate the greater vulnerability of the latter. Prevailing wind direction is a key factor affecting the dispersion of smelter emissions and their subsequent deposition into the soils, with greater importance found especially in arid areas. Whereas the greatest contamination is generally observed in the surface soil layers, downward migration of metal(loid)s in the soil profiles has been documented at numerous sites. Contamination of smelter soils significantly affects both plants and soil organisms, but suitable remediation techniques (such as chemical stabilization of soils by amendments) can be used for reducing the bioavailability of contaminants. [Display omitted] •High levels of metal(loid)s in topsoils affected by non-ferrous metal smelters.•Contamination hotspots in soils near smelters reflect prevailing wind direction.•Fate of contaminants in soils controlled by the mineralogy of smelter particulates.•Multi-isotope techniques enable tracing the smelter-related contamination in soils.•Remediation techniques reduce contaminant bioavailability from smelter soils.
Author Ettler, Vojtěch
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Vojtěch
  surname: Ettler
  fullname: Ettler, Vojtěch
  email: ettler@natur.cuni.cz
  organization: Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy, and Mineral Resources, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, Prague 2, 128 43, Czech Republic
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  article-title: Cd, Pb and Zn oral bioaccessibility of urban soils contaminated in the past by atmospheric emissions from two lead and zinc smelters
  publication-title: Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.
  doi: 10.1007/s00244-009-9425-5
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Snippet This review summarizes over 160 studies focused on soil contamination near non-ferrous metal smelters. The methods of these investigations were examined with...
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SubjectTerms bioavailability
climatic zones
emissions
geochemistry
isotopes
Metal(loid)s
Non-ferrous metal smelting
Pollution
remediation
Soil
soil biota
soil pollution
soil profiles
soil surface layers
wind direction
Title Soil contamination near non-ferrous metal smelters: A review
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.09.020
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2116907007
Volume 64
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