Initial results from WING, the continuous GPS network in the western Pacific area
To investigate tectonic deformation in the western Pacific, a continuous GPS tracking network has been established, and named the Western Pacific Integrated Network of GPS (WING). Between 1995 and March 1997 we establised ten new sites. Data for the period July 1995 to October 1996 were analyzed, to...
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| Published in | Geophysical research letters Vol. 25; no. 3; pp. 369 - 372 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.02.1998
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | To investigate tectonic deformation in the western Pacific, a continuous GPS tracking network has been established, and named the Western Pacific Integrated Network of GPS (WING). Between 1995 and March 1997 we establised ten new sites. Data for the period July 1995 to October 1996 were analyzed, together with data from International GPS Service for Geodynamics (IGS) global sites, to estimate daily coordinates. A fiducial‐free approach was used to obtain the most accurate baseline estimates. To fix the estimated coordinates to the terrestrial reference frame, the Tsukuba IGS site is assumed to be moving westward relative to the stable Eurasian continent at ∼2 cm/yr according to Heki's [1996] estimate. We find that: (1) velocities of sites well within oceanic plates are in good agreement with rigid plate motion models; (2) sites close to plate boundaries are all affected by the deformation at those boundaries, among which back‐arc rifting (spreading) is clearly visible at the Mariana and Okinawa troughs; (3) sites in eastern Asia are moving east to east‐southeast relative to the stable Eurasian continent, suggesting long distance effects of the northward collision of India with Asia. |
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| AbstractList | To investigate tectonic deformation in the western Pacific, a continuous GPS tracking network has been established, and named the Western Pacific Integrated Network of GPS (WING). Between 1995 and March 1997 we establised ten new sites. Data for the period July 1995 to October 1996 were analyzed, together with data from International GPS Service for Geodynamics (IGS) global sites, to estimate daily coordinates. A fiducial‐free approach was used to obtain the most accurate baseline estimates. To fix the estimated coordinates to the terrestrial reference frame, the Tsukuba IGS site is assumed to be moving westward relative to the stable Eurasian continent at ∼2 cm/yr according to Heki's [1996] estimate. We find that: (1) velocities of sites well within oceanic plates are in good agreement with rigid plate motion models; (2) sites close to plate boundaries are all affected by the deformation at those boundaries, among which back‐arc rifting (spreading) is clearly visible at the Mariana and Okinawa troughs; (3) sites in eastern Asia are moving east to east‐southeast relative to the stable Eurasian continent, suggesting long distance effects of the northward collision of India with Asia. To investigate tectonic deformation in the western Pacific, a continuous GPS tracking network has been established, and named the Western Pacific Integrated Network of GPS (WING). Between 1995 and March 1997 we established ten new sites. Data for the period July 1995 to October 1996 were analyzed, together with data from International GPS Service for Geodynamics (IGS) global sites, to estimate daily coordinates. A fiducial-free approach was used to obtain the most accurate baseline estimates. To fix the estimated coordinates to the terrestrial reference frame, the Tsukuba IGS site is assumed to be moving westward relative to the stable Eurasian continent at similar to 2 cm/yr according to Heki's [1996] estimate. We find that: (1) velocities of sites well within oceanic plates are in good agreement with rigid plate motion models; (2) sites close to plate boundaries are all affected by the deformation at those boundaries, among which back-arc rifting (spreading) is clearly visible at the Mariana and Okinawa troughs; (3) sites in eastern Asia are moving east to east-southeast relative to the stable Eurasian continent, suggesting long distance effects of the northward collision of India with Asia. To investigate tectonic deformation in the western Pacific, a continuous GPS tracking network has been established, and named the Western Pacific Integrated Network of GPS (WING). Between 1995 and March 1997 we establised ten new sites. Data for the period July 1995 to October 1996 were analyzed, together with data from International GPS Service for Geodynamics (IGS) global sites, to estimate daily coordinates. A fiducial‐free approach was used to obtain the most accurate baseline estimates. To fix the estimated coordinates to the terrestrial reference frame, the Tsukuba IGS site is assumed to be moving westward relative to the stable Eurasian continent at ∼2 cm/yr according to Heki 's [1996] estimate. We find that: (1) velocities of sites well within oceanic plates are in good agreement with rigid plate motion models; (2) sites close to plate boundaries are all affected by the deformation at those boundaries, among which back‐arc rifting (spreading) is clearly visible at the Mariana and Okinawa troughs; (3) sites in eastern Asia are moving east to east‐southeast relative to the stable Eurasian continent, suggesting long distance effects of the northward collision of India with Asia. |
| Author | Hirahara, Kazuro Park, Pil Ho Gerasimenko, Mikhail D. Beavan, John Okada, Masami Kotake, Yoshiko Kamigaichi, Osamu Kasahara, Minoru Hoshiba, Mitsuyuki Kato, Teruyuki Nakao, Shigeru Feir, Renato B. |
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| Copyright | Copyright 1998 by the American Geophysical Union. |
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| References | Argus, D.R. Gordon, No-net rotation model of current plate velocities incorporating plate motion model NUVEL-1, Geophys. Res. Lett., 18, 2039-2042, 1991 Weissel, J. K.R. N. Anderson, Is there a Caroline plate? Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 41, 143-158, 1978 Scholz, C. H.J. Campos, On the mechanism of seismic decoupling and back arc spreading at subduction zones, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 22103-22115, 1995 Sibuet, J.-C.J. LetouzeyF. BarbierJ. CharvetJ.-P. FoucherT. W. C. HildeM. KimuraC. Ling-YunB. MarssetC. MullerJ.-F. Stephan, Backarc extension in the Okinawa Trough, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 14041-14063, 1987 Heki, K.Y. TakahashiT. Kondo, Contraction of northeastern Japan: evidence from horizontal displacement of a Japanese station in global very long baseline interferometry networks, Tectonophysics, 181, 113-122, 1990 Bilham, R.K. LarsonJ. Freymueller Project Idylhim membersGPS measurements of present-day convergence across the Nepal Himalaya, Nature, 386, 61-64, 1997 Ranken, B.R. K. CardwellD. E. Karig, Kinematics of the Philippine Sea Plate, Tectonics, 3, 555-575, 1984 Heki, K., Horizontal and vertical crustal movements from three-dimensional very long baseline interferometry kinematic reference frame: Implication for the reversal timescale revision, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 3187-3198, 1996 Molnar, P.P. Tapponnier, Cenozoic tectonics of Asia: effects of a continental collision, Science, 189, 419-426, 1975 Zonenshain, L. P.L. A. Savostin, Geodynamics of the Baikal rift zone and plate tectonics of Asia, Tectonophysics, 76, 1-45, 1981 CamposJ. R. MadariagaC. Scholz, Faulting process of the August 8, 1993, Guam earthquake: A thrust event in an otherwise weakly coupled subduction zone, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 17581-17596, 1996 Hussong, D. M.S. Uyeda, Tectonic processes and the history of the Mariana arc: A synthesis of the results of deep sea drilling project LEG 60, Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 60, 909-929, 1981 Seno, T.S. SteinA. E. Gripp, A model for the motion of the Philippine Sea plate consistent with NUVEL- 1 and geophysical data, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 17941-17948, 1993 Bernese GPS Software Version 4.0, M. RothacherL. Mervert, Astronomical Institute, University of Berne, 1996 Heflin, M.W. BertigerG. BlewittA. FreedmanK. HurstS. LichtenU. LindqwisterY. VigueF. WebbT. YunckJ. Zumberge, Global geodesy using GPS without fiducial sites, Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 131-134, 1992 Larson, K.J. T. FreymuellerS. Philipsen, Global plate velocities from the Global Positioning System, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 9961-9981, 1997 Beavan, J.I. MurataS. NakaoT. KatoK. HiraharaT. TanakaR. AbadC. H. ScholzS. RoeckerD. M. Davis, Determination of the Philippine Sea Plate velocity from Global Positioning System observations, and effects of the 1993 Guam earthquake (abstract), EOS Trans. AGU., 75, 59, 1994 Wessel, P.W. H. F. Smith, Free software helps map and display data, EOS Trans. AGU, 72, 441, 445-446, 1991 Bevis, M.F. W. TaylorB. E. SchutzJ. RecyB. L. IsacksS. HeluR. SinghE. KendrickJ. StowellB. TaylorandS. Calmant, Geodetic observations of very rapid convergence and back-arc extension at the Tonga arc, Nature, 374, 249-251, 1996 Kato, T., Recent global and regional studies using GPS - A brief overview -, J. Geod. Soc. Japan, 38, 329-348, 1993 Kato, T.Y. KotakeT. ChachinY. IimuraS. MiyazakiT. KanazawaK. Suyehiro, An estimate of the Philippine Sea plate motion derived from the Global Positioning System observation at Okino Torishima, Japan, J. Geod. Soc. Japan, 42, 233-243, 1996 1997; 102 1991; 18 1993; 38 1984; 3 1987; 92 1978; 41 1993; 98 1997; 386 1991; 72 1990; 181 1992; 19 1996 1996; 374 1975; 189 1995; 100 1981; 60 1996; 101 1981; 76 1996; 42 1983; 11 1994; 75 Rothacher M. (e_1_2_1_16_1) 1996 Kato T. (e_1_2_1_12_1) 1996; 42 Hussong D. M. (e_1_2_1_10_1) 1981; 60 Wessel P. (e_1_2_1_22_1) 1991; 72 e_1_2_1_7_1 e_1_2_1_8_1 e_1_2_1_20_1 e_1_2_1_5_1 Beavan J. (e_1_2_1_3_1) 1994; 75 e_1_2_1_6_1 e_1_2_1_23_1 e_1_2_1_4_1 e_1_2_1_13_1 e_1_2_1_21_1 e_1_2_1_2_1 e_1_2_1_17_1 e_1_2_1_14_1 e_1_2_1_15_1 e_1_2_1_9_1 e_1_2_1_18_1 Kato T. (e_1_2_1_11_1) 1993; 38 e_1_2_1_19_1 |
| References_xml | – reference: Argus, D.R. Gordon, No-net rotation model of current plate velocities incorporating plate motion model NUVEL-1, Geophys. Res. Lett., 18, 2039-2042, 1991 – reference: Weissel, J. K.R. N. Anderson, Is there a Caroline plate? Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 41, 143-158, 1978 – reference: Bernese GPS Software Version 4.0, M. RothacherL. Mervert, Astronomical Institute, University of Berne, 1996 – reference: Larson, K.J. T. FreymuellerS. Philipsen, Global plate velocities from the Global Positioning System, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 9961-9981, 1997 – reference: Seno, T.S. SteinA. E. Gripp, A model for the motion of the Philippine Sea plate consistent with NUVEL- 1 and geophysical data, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 17941-17948, 1993 – reference: Kato, T.Y. KotakeT. ChachinY. IimuraS. MiyazakiT. KanazawaK. Suyehiro, An estimate of the Philippine Sea plate motion derived from the Global Positioning System observation at Okino Torishima, Japan, J. Geod. Soc. Japan, 42, 233-243, 1996 – reference: CamposJ. R. MadariagaC. Scholz, Faulting process of the August 8, 1993, Guam earthquake: A thrust event in an otherwise weakly coupled subduction zone, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 17581-17596, 1996 – reference: Scholz, C. H.J. Campos, On the mechanism of seismic decoupling and back arc spreading at subduction zones, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 22103-22115, 1995 – reference: Sibuet, J.-C.J. LetouzeyF. BarbierJ. CharvetJ.-P. FoucherT. W. C. HildeM. KimuraC. Ling-YunB. MarssetC. MullerJ.-F. Stephan, Backarc extension in the Okinawa Trough, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 14041-14063, 1987 – reference: Zonenshain, L. P.L. A. Savostin, Geodynamics of the Baikal rift zone and plate tectonics of Asia, Tectonophysics, 76, 1-45, 1981 – reference: Kato, T., Recent global and regional studies using GPS - A brief overview -, J. Geod. Soc. Japan, 38, 329-348, 1993 – reference: Heki, K.Y. TakahashiT. Kondo, Contraction of northeastern Japan: evidence from horizontal displacement of a Japanese station in global very long baseline interferometry networks, Tectonophysics, 181, 113-122, 1990 – reference: Bevis, M.F. W. TaylorB. E. SchutzJ. RecyB. L. IsacksS. HeluR. SinghE. KendrickJ. StowellB. TaylorandS. Calmant, Geodetic observations of very rapid convergence and back-arc extension at the Tonga arc, Nature, 374, 249-251, 1996 – reference: Hussong, D. M.S. Uyeda, Tectonic processes and the history of the Mariana arc: A synthesis of the results of deep sea drilling project LEG 60, Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 60, 909-929, 1981 – reference: Wessel, P.W. H. F. Smith, Free software helps map and display data, EOS Trans. AGU, 72, 441, 445-446, 1991 – reference: Ranken, B.R. K. CardwellD. E. Karig, Kinematics of the Philippine Sea Plate, Tectonics, 3, 555-575, 1984 – reference: Bilham, R.K. LarsonJ. Freymueller Project Idylhim membersGPS measurements of present-day convergence across the Nepal Himalaya, Nature, 386, 61-64, 1997 – reference: Heki, K., Horizontal and vertical crustal movements from three-dimensional very long baseline interferometry kinematic reference frame: Implication for the reversal timescale revision, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 3187-3198, 1996 – reference: Heflin, M.W. BertigerG. BlewittA. FreedmanK. HurstS. LichtenU. LindqwisterY. VigueF. WebbT. YunckJ. Zumberge, Global geodesy using GPS without fiducial sites, Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 131-134, 1992 – reference: Beavan, J.I. MurataS. NakaoT. KatoK. HiraharaT. TanakaR. AbadC. H. ScholzS. RoeckerD. M. Davis, Determination of the Philippine Sea Plate velocity from Global Positioning System observations, and effects of the 1993 Guam earthquake (abstract), EOS Trans. AGU., 75, 59, 1994 – reference: Molnar, P.P. Tapponnier, Cenozoic tectonics of Asia: effects of a continental collision, Science, 189, 419-426, 1975 – volume: 100 start-page: 22103 year: 1995 end-page: 22115 article-title: On the mechanism of seismic decoupling and back arc spreading at subduction zones publication-title: J. Geophys. Res. – volume: 386 start-page: 61 year: 1997 end-page: 64 article-title: GPS measurements of present‐day convergence across the Nepal Himalaya publication-title: Nature – volume: 42 start-page: 233 year: 1996 end-page: 243 article-title: An estimate of the Philippine Sea plate motion derived from the Global Positioning System observation at Okino Torishima, Japan publication-title: J. Geod. Soc. Japan – volume: 101 start-page: 17581 year: 1996 end-page: 17596 article-title: Faulting process of the August 8, 1993, Guam earthquake: A thrust event in an otherwise weakly coupled subduction zone publication-title: J. Geophys. 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| Title | Initial results from WING, the continuous GPS network in the western Pacific area |
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