Mechanistic insights into the kidney injury in chickens induced by hypervirulent fowl adenovirus serotype 4

Hypervirulent fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) has become globally prevalent since 2015 as a predominant pathogen on poultry farms, leading to substantial economic losses for the poultry industry. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying kidney injury induced by FAdV-4 infection remain unclea...

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Published inMicrobiology spectrum Vol. 13; no. 5; p. e0005825
Main Authors Zhu, Chunhua, Zhou, Jiayu, Chen, Zhen, Chen, Cuiteng, Wang, Ziyue, Yang, Pei, Fu, Guanghua, Liu, Xiaodong, Huang, Yu, Wan, Chunhe
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States American Society for Microbiology 25.03.2025
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Abstract Hypervirulent fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) has become globally prevalent since 2015 as a predominant pathogen on poultry farms, leading to substantial economic losses for the poultry industry. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying kidney injury induced by FAdV-4 infection remain unclear. In this study, we primarily elucidated the mechanisms of kidney injury induced by FAdV-4 infection in chickens, utilizing both in vitro and in vivo models. Our results demonstrate that FAdV-4 infection in chickens causes degeneration and necrosis of kidney epithelial cells, glomerular injury, and expansion of the endoplasmic reticulum, while also triggering a robust inflammatory response in kidney cells. Notably, we observed the cell-to-cell transmission of virus particles delivered by autophagosome-like vesicles, and the viral infection-induced cellular autophagy facilitated viral replication in the kidney cells. These findings offer a novel perspective to understand the molecular mechanisms of FAdV-4-induced kidney injury and establish a basis for further investigation into the molecular pathogenesis of hypervirulent FAdV-4.
AbstractList Hypervirulent fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) has become globally prevalent since 2015 as a predominant pathogen on poultry farms, leading to substantial economic losses for the poultry industry. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying kidney injury induced by FAdV-4 infection remain unclear. In this study, we primarily elucidated the mechanisms of kidney injury induced by FAdV-4 infection in chickens, utilizing both in vitro and in vivo models. Our results demonstrate that FAdV-4 infection in chickens causes degeneration and necrosis of kidney epithelial cells, glomerular injury, and expansion of the endoplasmic reticulum, while also triggering a robust inflammatory response in kidney cells. Notably, we observed the cell-to-cell transmission of virus particles delivered by autophagosome-like vesicles, and the viral infection-induced cellular autophagy facilitated viral replication in the kidney cells. These findings offer a novel perspective to understand the molecular mechanisms of FAdV-4-induced kidney injury and establish a basis for further investigation into the molecular pathogenesis of hypervirulent FAdV-4.
Hypervirulent fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) has emerged as a significant poultry pathogen since 2015, exhibiting clinical multi-organ and multi-tissue tropism post-infection, resulting in substantial economic losses in the poultry industry. However, the molecular mechanism underlying kidney injury caused by FAdV-4 infection remains unclear. Our results indicated that FAdV-4 infection in chickens induces damage to kidney tissues, characterized by the degeneration and necrosis of kidney epithelial cells, glomerular injury, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and the activation of a robust inflammatory response in the kidney cells. Notably, autophagosome-like vesicles enclosed clusters of viral particles that were transmitted between kidney cells post-infection. There might be a novel mechanism of vesicle-mediated cell-to-cell transmission of hypervirulent FAdV-4 that hijacks autophagosome-like vesicles. We also investigated cellular autophagy in kidney cells in vivo and in vitro during early FAdV-4 infection. The autophagy-related marker proteins LC3B, ATG5, and BECN1 were upregulated post-infection, whereas SQSTM1 was downregulated, indicating that FAdV-4 infection enhances autophagic flux and induces complete autophagy. The viral structural protein Fiber 2 was also observed to colocalize with the autophagy-related marker protein LC3B and the exosome-specific marker protein CD63 in the kidney cells at 24 hpi, suggesting that FAdV-4-induced cellular autophagy promotes viral replication in kidney cells and that autophagosome-like vesicles are involved in early FAdV-4 replication in vivo in chickens. Our results offer novel insights into the pathogenesis of hypervirulent FAdV-4 from the perspective of kidney injury post-infection.Hypervirulent fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) has emerged as a significant poultry pathogen since 2015, exhibiting clinical multi-organ and multi-tissue tropism post-infection, resulting in substantial economic losses in the poultry industry. However, the molecular mechanism underlying kidney injury caused by FAdV-4 infection remains unclear. Our results indicated that FAdV-4 infection in chickens induces damage to kidney tissues, characterized by the degeneration and necrosis of kidney epithelial cells, glomerular injury, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and the activation of a robust inflammatory response in the kidney cells. Notably, autophagosome-like vesicles enclosed clusters of viral particles that were transmitted between kidney cells post-infection. There might be a novel mechanism of vesicle-mediated cell-to-cell transmission of hypervirulent FAdV-4 that hijacks autophagosome-like vesicles. We also investigated cellular autophagy in kidney cells in vivo and in vitro during early FAdV-4 infection. The autophagy-related marker proteins LC3B, ATG5, and BECN1 were upregulated post-infection, whereas SQSTM1 was downregulated, indicating that FAdV-4 infection enhances autophagic flux and induces complete autophagy. The viral structural protein Fiber 2 was also observed to colocalize with the autophagy-related marker protein LC3B and the exosome-specific marker protein CD63 in the kidney cells at 24 hpi, suggesting that FAdV-4-induced cellular autophagy promotes viral replication in kidney cells and that autophagosome-like vesicles are involved in early FAdV-4 replication in vivo in chickens. Our results offer novel insights into the pathogenesis of hypervirulent FAdV-4 from the perspective of kidney injury post-infection.Hypervirulent fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) has become globally prevalent since 2015 as a predominant pathogen on poultry farms, leading to substantial economic losses for the poultry industry. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying kidney injury induced by FAdV-4 infection remain unclear. In this study, we primarily elucidated the mechanisms of kidney injury induced by FAdV-4 infection in chickens, utilizing both in vitro and in vivo models. Our results demonstrate that FAdV-4 infection in chickens causes degeneration and necrosis of kidney epithelial cells, glomerular injury, and expansion of the endoplasmic reticulum, while also triggering a robust inflammatory response in kidney cells. Notably, we observed the cell-to-cell transmission of virus particles delivered by autophagosome-like vesicles, and the viral infection-induced cellular autophagy facilitated viral replication in the kidney cells. These findings offer a novel perspective to understand the molecular mechanisms of FAdV-4-induced kidney injury and establish a basis for further investigation into the molecular pathogenesis of hypervirulent FAdV-4.IMPORTANCEHypervirulent fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) has become globally prevalent since 2015 as a predominant pathogen on poultry farms, leading to substantial economic losses for the poultry industry. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying kidney injury induced by FAdV-4 infection remain unclear. In this study, we primarily elucidated the mechanisms of kidney injury induced by FAdV-4 infection in chickens, utilizing both in vitro and in vivo models. Our results demonstrate that FAdV-4 infection in chickens causes degeneration and necrosis of kidney epithelial cells, glomerular injury, and expansion of the endoplasmic reticulum, while also triggering a robust inflammatory response in kidney cells. Notably, we observed the cell-to-cell transmission of virus particles delivered by autophagosome-like vesicles, and the viral infection-induced cellular autophagy facilitated viral replication in the kidney cells. These findings offer a novel perspective to understand the molecular mechanisms of FAdV-4-induced kidney injury and establish a basis for further investigation into the molecular pathogenesis of hypervirulent FAdV-4.
Hypervirulent fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) has emerged as a significant poultry pathogen since 2015, exhibiting clinical multi-organ and multi-tissue tropism post-infection, resulting in substantial economic losses in the poultry industry. However, the molecular mechanism underlying kidney injury caused by FAdV-4 infection remains unclear. Our results indicated that FAdV-4 infection in chickens induces damage to kidney tissues, characterized by the degeneration and necrosis of kidney epithelial cells, glomerular injury, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and the activation of a robust inflammatory response in the kidney cells. Notably, autophagosome-like vesicles enclosed clusters of viral particles that were transmitted between kidney cells post-infection. There might be a novel mechanism of vesicle-mediated cell-to-cell transmission of hypervirulent FAdV-4 that hijacks autophagosome-like vesicles. We also investigated cellular autophagy in kidney cells in vivo and in vitro during early FAdV-4 infection. The autophagy-related marker proteins LC3B, ATG5, and BECN1 were upregulated post-infection, whereas SQSTM1 was downregulated, indicating that FAdV-4 infection enhances autophagic flux and induces complete autophagy. The viral structural protein Fiber 2 was also observed to colocalize with the autophagy-related marker protein LC3B and the exosome-specific marker protein CD63 in the kidney cells at 24 hpi, suggesting that FAdV-4-induced cellular autophagy promotes viral replication in kidney cells and that autophagosome-like vesicles are involved in early FAdV-4 replication in vivo in chickens. Our results offer novel insights into the pathogenesis of hypervirulent FAdV-4 from the perspective of kidney injury post-infection.
Hypervirulent fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) has emerged as a significant poultry pathogen since 2015, exhibiting clinical multi-organ and multi-tissue tropism post-infection, resulting in substantial economic losses in the poultry industry. However, the molecular mechanism underlying kidney injury caused by FAdV-4 infection remains unclear. Our results indicated that FAdV-4 infection in chickens induces damage to kidney tissues, characterized by the degeneration and necrosis of kidney epithelial cells, glomerular injury, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and the activation of a robust inflammatory response in the kidney cells. Notably, autophagosome-like vesicles enclosed clusters of viral particles that were transmitted between kidney cells post-infection. There might be a novel mechanism of vesicle-mediated cell-to-cell transmission of hypervirulent FAdV-4 that hijacks autophagosome-like vesicles. We also investigated cellular autophagy in kidney cells in vivo and in vitro during early FAdV-4 infection. The autophagy-related marker proteins LC3B, ATG5, and BECN1 were upregulated post-infection, whereas SQSTM1 was downregulated, indicating that FAdV-4 infection enhances autophagic flux and induces complete autophagy. The viral structural protein Fiber 2 was also observed to colocalize with the autophagy-related marker protein LC3B and the exosome-specific marker protein CD63 in the kidney cells at 24 hpi, suggesting that FAdV-4-induced cellular autophagy promotes viral replication in kidney cells and that autophagosome-like vesicles are involved in early FAdV-4 replication in vivo in chickens. Our results offer novel insights into the pathogenesis of hypervirulent FAdV-4 from the perspective of kidney injury post-infection.IMPORTANCEHypervirulent fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) has become globally prevalent since 2015 as a predominant pathogen on poultry farms, leading to substantial economic losses for the poultry industry. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying kidney injury induced by FAdV-4 infection remain unclear. In this study, we primarily elucidated the mechanisms of kidney injury induced by FAdV-4 infection in chickens, utilizing both in vitro and in vivo models. Our results demonstrate that FAdV-4 infection in chickens causes degeneration and necrosis of kidney epithelial cells, glomerular injury, and expansion of the endoplasmic reticulum, while also triggering a robust inflammatory response in kidney cells. Notably, we observed the cell-to-cell transmission of virus particles delivered by autophagosome-like vesicles, and the viral infection-induced cellular autophagy facilitated viral replication in the kidney cells. These findings offer a novel perspective to understand the molecular mechanisms of FAdV-4-induced kidney injury and establish a basis for further investigation into the molecular pathogenesis of hypervirulent FAdV-4.
Hypervirulent fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) has emerged as a significant poultry pathogen since 2015, exhibiting clinical multi-organ and multi-tissue tropism post-infection, resulting in substantial economic losses in the poultry industry. However, the molecular mechanism underlying kidney injury caused by FAdV-4 infection remains unclear. Our results indicated that FAdV-4 infection in chickens induces damage to kidney tissues, characterized by the degeneration and necrosis of kidney epithelial cells, glomerular injury, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and the activation of a robust inflammatory response in the kidney cells. Notably, autophagosome-like vesicles enclosed clusters of viral particles that were transmitted between kidney cells post-infection. There might be a novel mechanism of vesicle-mediated cell-to-cell transmission of hypervirulent FAdV-4 that hijacks autophagosome-like vesicles. We also investigated cellular autophagy in kidney cells and during early FAdV-4 infection. The autophagy-related marker proteins LC3B, ATG5, and BECN1 were upregulated post-infection, whereas SQSTM1 was downregulated, indicating that FAdV-4 infection enhances autophagic flux and induces complete autophagy. The viral structural protein Fiber 2 was also observed to colocalize with the autophagy-related marker protein LC3B and the exosome-specific marker protein CD63 in the kidney cells at 24 hpi, suggesting that FAdV-4-induced cellular autophagy promotes viral replication in kidney cells and that autophagosome-like vesicles are involved in early FAdV-4 replication in chickens. Our results offer novel insights into the pathogenesis of hypervirulent FAdV-4 from the perspective of kidney injury post-infection. Hypervirulent fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) has become globally prevalent since 2015 as a predominant pathogen on poultry farms, leading to substantial economic losses for the poultry industry. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying kidney injury induced by FAdV-4 infection remain unclear. In this study, we primarily elucidated the mechanisms of kidney injury induced by FAdV-4 infection in chickens, utilizing both and models. Our results demonstrate that FAdV-4 infection in chickens causes degeneration and necrosis of kidney epithelial cells, glomerular injury, and expansion of the endoplasmic reticulum, while also triggering a robust inflammatory response in kidney cells. Notably, we observed the cell-to-cell transmission of virus particles delivered by autophagosome-like vesicles, and the viral infection-induced cellular autophagy facilitated viral replication in the kidney cells. These findings offer a novel perspective to understand the molecular mechanisms of FAdV-4-induced kidney injury and establish a basis for further investigation into the molecular pathogenesis of hypervirulent FAdV-4.
ABSTRACT Hypervirulent fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) has emerged as a significant poultry pathogen since 2015, exhibiting clinical multi-organ and multi-tissue tropism post-infection, resulting in substantial economic losses in the poultry industry. However, the molecular mechanism underlying kidney injury caused by FAdV-4 infection remains unclear. Our results indicated that FAdV-4 infection in chickens induces damage to kidney tissues, characterized by the degeneration and necrosis of kidney epithelial cells, glomerular injury, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and the activation of a robust inflammatory response in the kidney cells. Notably, autophagosome-like vesicles enclosed clusters of viral particles that were transmitted between kidney cells post-infection. There might be a novel mechanism of vesicle-mediated cell-to-cell transmission of hypervirulent FAdV-4 that hijacks autophagosome-like vesicles. We also investigated cellular autophagy in kidney cells in vivo and in vitro during early FAdV-4 infection. The autophagy-related marker proteins LC3B, ATG5, and BECN1 were upregulated post-infection, whereas SQSTM1 was downregulated, indicating that FAdV-4 infection enhances autophagic flux and induces complete autophagy. The viral structural protein Fiber 2 was also observed to colocalize with the autophagy-related marker protein LC3B and the exosome-specific marker protein CD63 in the kidney cells at 24 hpi, suggesting that FAdV-4-induced cellular autophagy promotes viral replication in kidney cells and that autophagosome-like vesicles are involved in early FAdV-4 replication in vivo in chickens. Our results offer novel insights into the pathogenesis of hypervirulent FAdV-4 from the perspective of kidney injury post-infection.IMPORTANCEHypervirulent fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) has become globally prevalent since 2015 as a predominant pathogen on poultry farms, leading to substantial economic losses for the poultry industry. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying kidney injury induced by FAdV-4 infection remain unclear. In this study, we primarily elucidated the mechanisms of kidney injury induced by FAdV-4 infection in chickens, utilizing both in vitro and in vivo models. Our results demonstrate that FAdV-4 infection in chickens causes degeneration and necrosis of kidney epithelial cells, glomerular injury, and expansion of the endoplasmic reticulum, while also triggering a robust inflammatory response in kidney cells. Notably, we observed the cell-to-cell transmission of virus particles delivered by autophagosome-like vesicles, and the viral infection-induced cellular autophagy facilitated viral replication in the kidney cells. These findings offer a novel perspective to understand the molecular mechanisms of FAdV-4-induced kidney injury and establish a basis for further investigation into the molecular pathogenesis of hypervirulent FAdV-4.
Author Chen, Cuiteng
Wang, Ziyue
Liu, Xiaodong
Zhou, Jiayu
Chen, Zhen
Yang, Pei
Huang, Yu
Wan, Chunhe
Zhu, Chunhua
Fu, Guanghua
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Keywords autophagosome-like vesicles' delivery
kidney injury
inflammation
hypervirulent fowl adenovirus serotype 4
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SSID ssj0001105252
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Snippet Hypervirulent fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) has become globally prevalent since 2015 as a predominant pathogen on poultry farms, leading to substantial...
Hypervirulent fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) has emerged as a significant poultry pathogen since 2015, exhibiting clinical multi-organ and multi-tissue...
ABSTRACT Hypervirulent fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) has emerged as a significant poultry pathogen since 2015, exhibiting clinical multi-organ and...
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SubjectTerms autophagosome-like vesicles' delivery
hypervirulent fowl adenovirus serotype 4
inflammation
kidney injury
Research Article
Veterinary Microbiology
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Title Mechanistic insights into the kidney injury in chickens induced by hypervirulent fowl adenovirus serotype 4
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40130861
https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/spectrum.00058-25
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3180988749
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC12054176
https://doaj.org/article/2dc8140a217a408890e023e15c0e3e4b
Volume 13
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