Advancements in Noninvasive Volatile Organic Compound Detection: Integrating Stirling Cooling Preconcentration with GC-FID/MS for Quantitative Breath Analysis
The study of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath presents significant potential for noninvasive disease diagnosis and human exposure monitoring. While thermal desorption (TD) tubes are the most commonly used preconcentration technique for analyzing VOCs in breath, they still face pra...
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| Published in | ACS omega Vol. 10; no. 13; pp. 13694 - 13700 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
American Chemical Society
08.04.2025
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| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 2470-1343 2470-1343 |
| DOI | 10.1021/acsomega.5c01166 |
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| Abstract | The study of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath presents significant potential for noninvasive disease diagnosis and human exposure monitoring. While thermal desorption (TD) tubes are the most commonly used preconcentration technique for analyzing VOCs in breath, they still face practical challenges, mainly selective adsorption and interference from water vapor in breath samples. This study is the first to develop a method combining Stirling cooling preconcentration technology with gas chromatography-flame ionization detector/mass spectrometry (GC-FID/MS) and a SUMMA canister, enabling simultaneous detection of 116 VOCs. The method requires no refrigerants and effectively addresses the selective adsorption and water vapor interference issues found with TD tubes. Furthermore, nitrogen pressurization is used to dilute the original gas, and calibration curves encompassing various linear ranges are developed to quantify the targeted VOCs across different concentration levels. Finally, we analyzed exhaled breath samples from eight healthy subjects and validated the method. The results showed that the coefficients of determination (R 2) for the linear equations of all target compounds exceeded 0.998, with limits of detection and quantification (LOQ) ranging from 0.01 to 0.09 ppbv and 0.03 to 0.35 ppbv, respectively, and precision within 20%. Accuracy, except for a few substances, was generally between 70% and 130%. This study offers robust technical support for the accurate quantification of VOCs at various concentration levels in exhaled breath. |
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| AbstractList | The study of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath presents significant potential for noninvasive disease diagnosis and human exposure monitoring. While thermal desorption (TD) tubes are the most commonly used preconcentration technique for analyzing VOCs in breath, they still face practical challenges, mainly selective adsorption and interference from water vapor in breath samples. This study is the first to develop a method combining Stirling cooling preconcentration technology with gas chromatography-flame ionization detector/mass spectrometry (GC-FID/MS) and a SUMMA canister, enabling simultaneous detection of 116 VOCs. The method requires no refrigerants and effectively addresses the selective adsorption and water vapor interference issues found with TD tubes. Furthermore, nitrogen pressurization is used to dilute the original gas, and calibration curves encompassing various linear ranges are developed to quantify the targeted VOCs across different concentration levels. Finally, we analyzed exhaled breath samples from eight healthy subjects and validated the method. The results showed that the coefficients of determination (R 2) for the linear equations of all target compounds exceeded 0.998, with limits of detection and quantification (LOQ) ranging from 0.01 to 0.09 ppbv and 0.03 to 0.35 ppbv, respectively, and precision within 20%. Accuracy, except for a few substances, was generally between 70% and 130%. This study offers robust technical support for the accurate quantification of VOCs at various concentration levels in exhaled breath. The study of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath presents significant potential for noninvasive disease diagnosis and human exposure monitoring. While thermal desorption (TD) tubes are the most commonly used preconcentration technique for analyzing VOCs in breath, they still face practical challenges, mainly selective adsorption and interference from water vapor in breath samples. This study is the first to develop a method combining Stirling cooling preconcentration technology with gas chromatography-flame ionization detector/mass spectrometry (GC-FID/MS) and a SUMMA canister, enabling simultaneous detection of 116 VOCs. The method requires no refrigerants and effectively addresses the selective adsorption and water vapor interference issues found with TD tubes. Furthermore, nitrogen pressurization is used to dilute the original gas, and calibration curves encompassing various linear ranges are developed to quantify the targeted VOCs across different concentration levels. Finally, we analyzed exhaled breath samples from eight healthy subjects and validated the method. The results showed that the coefficients of determination ( R 2 ) for the linear equations of all target compounds exceeded 0.998, with limits of detection and quantification (LOQ) ranging from 0.01 to 0.09 ppbv and 0.03 to 0.35 ppbv, respectively, and precision within 20%. Accuracy, except for a few substances, was generally between 70% and 130%. This study offers robust technical support for the accurate quantification of VOCs at various concentration levels in exhaled breath. The study of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath presents significant potential for noninvasive disease diagnosis and human exposure monitoring. While thermal desorption (TD) tubes are the most commonly used preconcentration technique for analyzing VOCs in breath, they still face practical challenges, mainly selective adsorption and interference from water vapor in breath samples. This study is the first to develop a method combining Stirling cooling preconcentration technology with gas chromatography-flame ionization detector/mass spectrometry (GC-FID/MS) and a SUMMA canister, enabling simultaneous detection of 116 VOCs. The method requires no refrigerants and effectively addresses the selective adsorption and water vapor interference issues found with TD tubes. Furthermore, nitrogen pressurization is used to dilute the original gas, and calibration curves encompassing various linear ranges are developed to quantify the targeted VOCs across different concentration levels. Finally, we analyzed exhaled breath samples from eight healthy subjects and validated the method. The results showed that the coefficients of determination ( ) for the linear equations of all target compounds exceeded 0.998, with limits of detection and quantification (LOQ) ranging from 0.01 to 0.09 ppbv and 0.03 to 0.35 ppbv, respectively, and precision within 20%. Accuracy, except for a few substances, was generally between 70% and 130%. This study offers robust technical support for the accurate quantification of VOCs at various concentration levels in exhaled breath. The study of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath presents significant potential for noninvasive disease diagnosis and human exposure monitoring. While thermal desorption (TD) tubes are the most commonly used preconcentration technique for analyzing VOCs in breath, they still face practical challenges, mainly selective adsorption and interference from water vapor in breath samples. This study is the first to develop a method combining Stirling cooling preconcentration technology with gas chromatography-flame ionization detector/mass spectrometry (GC-FID/MS) and a SUMMA canister, enabling simultaneous detection of 116 VOCs. The method requires no refrigerants and effectively addresses the selective adsorption and water vapor interference issues found with TD tubes. Furthermore, nitrogen pressurization is used to dilute the original gas, and calibration curves encompassing various linear ranges are developed to quantify the targeted VOCs across different concentration levels. Finally, we analyzed exhaled breath samples from eight healthy subjects and validated the method. The results showed that the coefficients of determination (R 2) for the linear equations of all target compounds exceeded 0.998, with limits of detection and quantification (LOQ) ranging from 0.01 to 0.09 ppbv and 0.03 to 0.35 ppbv, respectively, and precision within 20%. Accuracy, except for a few substances, was generally between 70% and 130%. This study offers robust technical support for the accurate quantification of VOCs at various concentration levels in exhaled breath.The study of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath presents significant potential for noninvasive disease diagnosis and human exposure monitoring. While thermal desorption (TD) tubes are the most commonly used preconcentration technique for analyzing VOCs in breath, they still face practical challenges, mainly selective adsorption and interference from water vapor in breath samples. This study is the first to develop a method combining Stirling cooling preconcentration technology with gas chromatography-flame ionization detector/mass spectrometry (GC-FID/MS) and a SUMMA canister, enabling simultaneous detection of 116 VOCs. The method requires no refrigerants and effectively addresses the selective adsorption and water vapor interference issues found with TD tubes. Furthermore, nitrogen pressurization is used to dilute the original gas, and calibration curves encompassing various linear ranges are developed to quantify the targeted VOCs across different concentration levels. Finally, we analyzed exhaled breath samples from eight healthy subjects and validated the method. The results showed that the coefficients of determination (R 2) for the linear equations of all target compounds exceeded 0.998, with limits of detection and quantification (LOQ) ranging from 0.01 to 0.09 ppbv and 0.03 to 0.35 ppbv, respectively, and precision within 20%. Accuracy, except for a few substances, was generally between 70% and 130%. This study offers robust technical support for the accurate quantification of VOCs at various concentration levels in exhaled breath. |
| Author | Wang, Zelin Hu, Xiaoyu Liu, Liu Lang, Jianlei Zhao, Huayong Fu, Jia Cao, Dongdong Xu, Qiongdan Zhang, Yan Zhong, Lei |
| AuthorAffiliation | Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering Department of Occupational Health Beijing Center for Diseases Prevention and Control |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering – name: Beijing Center for Diseases Prevention and Control – name: Department of Occupational Health |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Qiongdan orcidid: 0009-0002-8391-503X surname: Xu fullname: Xu, Qiongdan organization: Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering – sequence: 2 givenname: Xiaoyu surname: Hu fullname: Hu, Xiaoyu email: huxiaoyuc@sina.com organization: Beijing Center for Diseases Prevention and Control – sequence: 3 givenname: Lei surname: Zhong fullname: Zhong, Lei organization: Beijing Center for Diseases Prevention and Control – sequence: 4 givenname: Zelin orcidid: 0009-0001-4430-5151 surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Zelin organization: Beijing Center for Diseases Prevention and Control – sequence: 5 givenname: Huayong surname: Zhao fullname: Zhao, Huayong – sequence: 6 givenname: Jia surname: Fu fullname: Fu, Jia organization: Beijing Center for Diseases Prevention and Control – sequence: 7 givenname: Dongdong surname: Cao fullname: Cao, Dongdong organization: Beijing Center for Diseases Prevention and Control – sequence: 8 givenname: Liu surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Liu organization: Beijing Center for Diseases Prevention and Control – sequence: 9 givenname: Yan surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Yan organization: Beijing Center for Diseases Prevention and Control – sequence: 10 givenname: Jianlei orcidid: 0000-0001-6397-7503 surname: Lang fullname: Lang, Jianlei organization: Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering |
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| Title | Advancements in Noninvasive Volatile Organic Compound Detection: Integrating Stirling Cooling Preconcentration with GC-FID/MS for Quantitative Breath Analysis |
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