Visual Versus Kinesthetic Mental Imagery Efficacy for the Retention and Transfer of a Closed Motor Skill in Young Children

The main purposes of this study were (a) to compare the effects of mental imagery combined with physical practise and specific physical practise on the retention and transfer of a closed motor skill in young children; (b) to determine the mental imagery (visual vs. kinesthetic), which is the most ef...

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Published inCanadian journal of experimental psychology Vol. 62; no. 3; pp. 174 - 187
Main Authors Taktek, Khaled, Zinsser, Nathaniel, St-John, Bob
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Old Chelsea, PQ Educational Publishing Foundation 01.09.2008
Canadian Psychological Association
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Abstract The main purposes of this study were (a) to compare the effects of mental imagery combined with physical practise and specific physical practise on the retention and transfer of a closed motor skill in young children; (b) to determine the mental imagery (visual vs. kinesthetic), which is the most efficient for retention and transfer of a closed motor skill; and (c) to verify the relationship between movement image vividness and motor performance. As for the secondary purpose, it was to compare the effects of gender on motor learning. Participants ( n = 96) were selected from 3 primary schools. These participants were divided into 6 groups and submitted to different experimental conditions. The experimental task required the participants to throw, with the nondominant hand (left hand), a ball toward a target composed of 3 concentric circles. The results demonstrated that performance obtained by the mental imagery (visual or kinesthetic) combined with physical practise group was, during the retention phase, equivalent to that produced by the specific physical practise group but significantly superior during the transfer of closed motor skill. These results showed the potential benefits of mental imagery as a retention strategy intended for motor skills and performance enhancement. Such results could be explained by the similarity of 3 principal functional evidences shared by mental and physical practise: behavioural, central, and peripheral (as suggested by Holmes & Collins, 2001 ). Les buts principaux de cette étude étaient (a) de comparer les effets de l'imagerie mentale combinée à la pratique physique et la pratique physique spécifique sur la rétention et le transfert d'une habileté motrice fermée chez des enfants en bas âge ; (b) de déterminer la forme d'imagerie mentale (visuelle vs kinesthésique) la plus efficace pour la rétention et le transfert d'une habileté motrice fermée ; et (c) de vérifier la relation entre la saillance de l'image du mouvement et la performance motrice. Le but secondaire était de comparer l'effet du genre sur la performance motrice pendant l'exécution d'une habileté motrice fermée. Les participants ( n = 96) ont été recrutés dans trois écoles primaires. Ils ont été divisés en six groupes et soumis à différentes conditions expérimentales. La tâche expérimentale exigeait que les participants lancent une balle sur une cible composée de trois cercles concentriques, à l'aide de leur main non-dominante (main gauche). La performance a été évaluée durant le prétest, le traitement, le test de rétention et le test de transfert. Les résultats ont démontré que la performance obtenue avec une combinaison d'imagerie mentale (visuelle ou kinesthésique) et de pratique physique équivaut à celle produite par la pratique physique spécifique durant la phase de rétention, mais est significativement supérieure durant le transfert de l'habileté motrice fermée. Ces résultats soulignent les avantages potentiels de l'imagerie mentale comme stratégie de rétention pour les habiletés motrices et l'amélioration des performances. De tels résultats peuvent être expliqués en vertu de la similitude entre trois composantes fonctionnelles principales partagées par la pratique mentale et physique : comportementale, centrale et périphérique (tel que suggéré par Holmes & Collins, 2001 ).
AbstractList The main purposes of this study were (a) to compare the effects of mental imagery combined with physical practise and specific physical practise on the retention and transfer of a closed motor skill in young children; (b) to determine the mental imagery (visual vs. kinesthetic), which is the most efficient for retention and transfer of a closed motor skill; and (c) to verify the relationship between movement image vividness and motor performance. As for the secondary purpose, it was to compare the effects of gender on motor learning. Participants (n = 96) were selected from 3 primary schools. These participants were divided into 6 groups and submitted to different experimental conditions. The experimental task required the participants to throw, with the nondominant hand (left hand), a ball toward a target composed of 3 concentric circles. The results demonstrated that performance obtained by the mental imagery (visual or kinesthetic) combined with physical practise group was, during the retention phase, equivalent to that produced by the specific physical practise group but significantly superior during the transfer of closed motor skill. These results showed the potential benefits of mental imagery as a retention strategy intended for motor skills and performance enhancement. Such results could be explained by the similarity of 3 principal functional evidences shared by mental and physical practise: behavioural, central, and peripheral (as suggested by Holmes & Collins, 2001). [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
The main purposes of this study were (a) to compare the effects of mental imagery combined with physical practise and specific physical practise on the retention and transfer of a closed motor skill in young children; (b) to determine the mental imagery (visual vs. kinesthetic), which is the most efficient for retention and transfer of a closed motor skill; and (c) to verify the relationship between movement image vividness and motor performance. As for the secondary purpose, it was to compare the effects of gender on motor learning. Participants (n = 96) were selected from 3 primary schools. These participants were divided into 6 groups and submitted to different experimental conditions. The experimental task required the participants to throw, with the nondominant hand (left hand), a ball toward a target composed of 3 concentric circles. The results demonstrated that performance obtained by the mental imagery (visual or kinesthetic) combined with physical practise group was, during the retention phase, equivalent to that produced by the specific physical practise group but significantly superior during the transfer of closed motor skill. These results showed the potential benefits of mental imagery as a retention strategy intended for motor skills and performance enhancement. Such results could be explained by the similarity of 3 principal functional evidences shared by mental and physical practise: behavioural, central, and peripheral (as suggested by Holmes & Collins, 2001). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)
The main purposes of this study were (a) to compare the effects of mental imagery combined with physical practise and specific physical practise on the retention and transfer of a closed motor skill in young children; (b) to determine the mental imagery (visual vs. kinesthetic), which is the most efficient for retention and transfer of a closed motor skill; and (c) to verify the relationship between movement image vividness and motor performance. As for the secondary purpose, it was to compare the effects of gender on motor learning. Participants (n = 96) were selected from 3 primary schools. These participants were divided into 6 groups and submitted to different experimental conditions. The experimental task required the participants to throw, with the nondominant hand (left hand), a ball toward a target composed of 3 concentric circles. The results demonstrated that performance obtained by the mental imagery (visual or kinesthetic) combined with physical practise group was, during the retention phase, equivalent to that produced by the specific physical practise group but significantly superior during the transfer of closed motor skill. These results showed the potential benefits of mental imagery as a retention strategy intended for motor skills and performance enhancement. Such results could be explained by the similarity of 3 principal functional evidences shared by mental and physical practise: behavioural, central, and peripheral (as suggested by Holmes & Collins, 2001).
The main purposes of this study were (a) to compare the effects of mental imagery combined with physical practise and specific physical practise on the retention and transfer of a closed motor skill in young children; (b) to determine the mental imagery (visual vs. kinesthetic), which is the most efficient for retention and transfer of a closed motor skill; and (c) to verify the relationship between movement image vividness and motor performance. As for the secondary purpose, it was to compare the effects of gender on motor learning. Participants (n = 96) were selected from 3 primary schools. These participants were divided into 6 groups and submitted to different experimental conditions. The experimental task required the participants to throw, with the nondominant hand (left hand), a ball toward a target composed of 3 concentric circles. The results demonstrated that performance obtained by the mental imagery (visual or kinesthetic) combined with physical practise group was, during the retention phase, equivalent to that produced by the specific physical practise group but significantly superior during the transfer of closed motor skill. These results showed the potential benefits of mental imagery as a retention strategy intended for motor skills and performance enhancement. Such results could be explained by the similarity of 3 principal functional evidences shared by mental and physical practise: behavioural, central, and peripheral (as suggested by Holmes & Collins, 2001). Les buts principaux de cette étude étaient (a) de comparer les effets de l'imagerie mentale combinée à la pratique physique et la pratique physique spécifique sur la rétention et le transfert d'une habileté motrice fermée chez des enfants en bas âge ; (b) de déterminer la forme d'imagerie mentale (visuelle vs kinesthésique) la plus efficace pour la rétention et le transfert d'une habileté motrice fermée ; et (c) de vérifier la relation entre la saillance de l'image du mouvement et la performance motrice. Le but secondaire était de comparer l'effet du genre sur la performance motrice pendant l'exécution d'une habileté motrice fermée. Les participants (n = 96) ont été recrutés dans trois écoles primaires. Ils ont été divisés en six groupes et soumis à différentes conditions expérimentales. La tâche expérimentale exigeait que les participants lancent une balle sur une cible composée de trois cercles concentriques, à l'aide de leur main non-dominante (main gauche). La performance a été évaluée durant le prétest, le traitement, le test de rétention et le test de transfert. Les résultats ont démontré que la performance obtenue avec une combinaison d'imagerie mentale (visuelle ou kinesthésique) et de pratique physique équivaut à celle produite par la pratique physique spécifique durant la phase de rétention, mais est significativement supérieure durant le transfert de l'habileté motrice fermée. Ces résultats soulignent les avantages potentiels de l'imagerie mentale comme stratégie de rétention pour les habiletés motrices et l'amélioration des performances. De tels résultats peuvent être expliqués en vertu de la similitude entre trois composantes fonctionnelles principales partagées par la pratique mentale et physique : comportementale, centrale et périphérique (tel que suggéré par Holmes & Collins, 2001).
The main purposes of this study were (a) to compare the effects of mental imagery combined with physical practise and specific physical practise on the retention and transfer of a closed motor skill in young children; (b) to determine the mental imagery (visual vs. kinesthetic), which is the most efficient for retention and transfer of a closed motor skill; and (c) to verify the relationship between movement image vividness and motor performance. As for the secondary purpose, it was to compare the effects of gender on motor learning. Participants (n = 96) were selected from 3 primary schools. These participants were divided into 6 groups and submitted to different experimental conditions. The experimental task required the participants to throw, with the nondominant hand (left hand), a ball toward a target composed of 3 concentric circles. The results demonstrated that performance obtained by the mental imagery (visual or kinesthetic) combined with physical practise group was, during the retention phase, equivalent to that produced by the specific physical practise group but significantly superior during the transfer of closed motor skill. These results showed the potential benefits of mental imagery as a retention strategy intended for motor skills and performance enhancement. Such results could be explained by the similarity of 3 principal functional evidences shared by mental and physical practise: behavioural, central, and peripheral (as suggested by Holmes & Collins, 2001).
The main purposes of this study were (a) to compare the effects of mental imagery combined with physical practise and specific physical practise on the retention and transfer of a closed motor skill in young children; (b) to determine the mental imagery (visual vs. kinesthetic), which is the most efficient for retention and transfer of a closed motor skill; and (c) to verify the relationship between movement image vividness and motor performance. As for the secondary purpose, it was to compare the effects of gender on motor learning. Participants ( n = 96) were selected from 3 primary schools. These participants were divided into 6 groups and submitted to different experimental conditions. The experimental task required the participants to throw, with the nondominant hand (left hand), a ball toward a target composed of 3 concentric circles. The results demonstrated that performance obtained by the mental imagery (visual or kinesthetic) combined with physical practise group was, during the retention phase, equivalent to that produced by the specific physical practise group but significantly superior during the transfer of closed motor skill. These results showed the potential benefits of mental imagery as a retention strategy intended for motor skills and performance enhancement. Such results could be explained by the similarity of 3 principal functional evidences shared by mental and physical practise: behavioural, central, and peripheral (as suggested by Holmes & Collins, 2001 ). Les buts principaux de cette étude étaient (a) de comparer les effets de l'imagerie mentale combinée à la pratique physique et la pratique physique spécifique sur la rétention et le transfert d'une habileté motrice fermée chez des enfants en bas âge ; (b) de déterminer la forme d'imagerie mentale (visuelle vs kinesthésique) la plus efficace pour la rétention et le transfert d'une habileté motrice fermée ; et (c) de vérifier la relation entre la saillance de l'image du mouvement et la performance motrice. Le but secondaire était de comparer l'effet du genre sur la performance motrice pendant l'exécution d'une habileté motrice fermée. Les participants ( n = 96) ont été recrutés dans trois écoles primaires. Ils ont été divisés en six groupes et soumis à différentes conditions expérimentales. La tâche expérimentale exigeait que les participants lancent une balle sur une cible composée de trois cercles concentriques, à l'aide de leur main non-dominante (main gauche). La performance a été évaluée durant le prétest, le traitement, le test de rétention et le test de transfert. Les résultats ont démontré que la performance obtenue avec une combinaison d'imagerie mentale (visuelle ou kinesthésique) et de pratique physique équivaut à celle produite par la pratique physique spécifique durant la phase de rétention, mais est significativement supérieure durant le transfert de l'habileté motrice fermée. Ces résultats soulignent les avantages potentiels de l'imagerie mentale comme stratégie de rétention pour les habiletés motrices et l'amélioration des performances. De tels résultats peuvent être expliqués en vertu de la similitude entre trois composantes fonctionnelles principales partagées par la pratique mentale et physique : comportementale, centrale et périphérique (tel que suggéré par Holmes & Collins, 2001 ).
Author Zinsser, Nathaniel
Taktek, Khaled
St-John, Bob
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Issue 3
Keywords imagerie kinesthésique
rétention
kinesthetic imagery
imagerie mentale
visual imagery
motor performance
imagerie visuelle
performance motrice
retention
mental imagery
Human
Mental imagery
Visual imagery
Memory
Motor skill
Practice
Cognition
Experimental study
Learning
Acquisition process
School age
Transfer
Motricity
Child
Comparative study
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Snippet The main purposes of this study were (a) to compare the effects of mental imagery combined with physical practise and specific physical practise on the...
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apa
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StartPage 174
SubjectTerms Biological and medical sciences
Child
Child development
Childhood Development
Children & youth
Cognitive ability
Developmental psychology
Environmental conditions
Female
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Human
Humans
Imagery
Imagination
Kinesthesis
Kinesthetic Perception
Male
Mental Processes
Motor ability
Motor Performance
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Psychology. Psychophysiology
Psychomotor Performance
Retention
Retention (Psychology)
Studies
Transfer (Psychology)
Visual Perception
Subtitle Efficacy for the Retention and Transfer of a Closed Motor Skill in Young Children
Title Visual Versus Kinesthetic Mental Imagery
URI http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/cep/62/3/174
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18778146
https://www.proquest.com/docview/200347890
https://www.proquest.com/docview/614526114
https://search.proquest.com/docview/69522895
Volume 62
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