Influence of Volatile Chlorides on the Molten Salt Synthesis of Ternary Oxide Nanorods and Nanoparticles
A molten salt synthesis route, previously reported to yield BaTiO3, PbTiO3, and Na2Ti6O13 nanorods, has been re-examined to elucidate the role of volatile chlorides. A precursor mixture containing barium (or lead) and titanium was annealed in the presence of NaCl at 760 or 820 °C. The main products...
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Published in | Inorganic chemistry Vol. 47; no. 8; pp. 3173 - 3181 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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American Chemical Society
21.04.2008
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Abstract | A molten salt synthesis route, previously reported to yield BaTiO3, PbTiO3, and Na2Ti6O13 nanorods, has been re-examined to elucidate the role of volatile chlorides. A precursor mixture containing barium (or lead) and titanium was annealed in the presence of NaCl at 760 or 820 °C. The main products were respectively isometric nanocrystalline BaTiO3 and PbTiO3. Nanorods were also detected, but electron diffraction revealed that the composition of the nanorods was respectively BaTi2O5/BaTi5O11 and Na2Ti6O13 for the two different systems, in contradiction to the previous studies. It was shown that NaCl reacted with BaO (PbO) resulting in loss of volatile BaCl2 (PbCl2) and formation and preferential growth of titanium oxide-rich nanorods instead of the target phase BaTiO3 (or PbTiO3). The molten salt synthesis route may therefore not necessarily yield nanorods of the target ternary oxide as reported previously. In addition, the importance of NaCl(g) for the growth of nanorods below the melting point of NaCl was demonstrated in a special experimental setup, where NaCl and the precursors were physically separated. |
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AbstractList | A molten salt synthesis route, previously reported to yield BaTiO sub(a), PbTiO sub(3), and Na sub(2)Ti sub(6)O sub(13) nanorods, has been re-examined to elucidate the role of volatile chlorides. A precursor mixture containing barium (or lead) and titanium was annealed in the presence of NaCl at 760 or 820 [degrees]C. The main products were respectively isometric nanocrystalline BaTiO sub(a) and PbTiO sub(3). Nanorods were also detected, but electron diffraction revealed that the composition of the nanorods was respectively BaTi sub(2)O sub(5)/BaTi sub(5)O sub(11) and Na sub(2)Ti sub(6)O sub(13) for the two different systems, in contradiction to the previous studies. It was shown that NaCI reacted with BaO (PbO) resulting in loss of volatile BaCl sub(2) (PbCl sub(2)) and formation and preferential growth of titanium oxide-rich nanorods instead of the target phase BaTiO sub(3) (or PbTiO sub(3)). The molten salt synthesis route may therefore not necessarily yield nanorods of the target ternary oxide as reported previously. In addition, the importance of NaCl(g) for the growth of nanorods below the melting point of NaCI was demonstrated in a special experimental setup, where NaCl and the precursors were physically separated. A molten salt synthesis route, previously reported to yield BaTiO3, PbTiO3, and Na2Ti6O13 nanorods, has been re-examined to elucidate the role of volatile chlorides. A precursor mixture containing barium (or lead) and titanium was annealed in the presence of NaCl at 760 or 820 degrees C. The main products were respectively isometric nanocrystalline BaTiO3 and PbTiO3. Nanorods were also detected, but electron diffraction revealed that the composition of the nanorods was respectively BaTi2O5/BaTi5O11 and Na2Ti6O13 for the two different systems, in contradiction to the previous studies. It was shown that NaCl reacted with BaO (PbO) resulting in loss of volatile BaCl2 (PbCl2) and formation and preferential growth of titanium oxide-rich nanorods instead of the target phase BaTiO3 (or PbTiO3). The molten salt synthesis route may therefore not necessarily yield nanorods of the target ternary oxide as reported previously. In addition, the importance of NaCl(g) for the growth of nanorods below the melting point of NaCl was demonstrated in a special experimental setup, where NaCl and the precursors were physically separated. A molten salt synthesis route, previously reported to yield BaTiO3, PbTiO3, and Na2Ti6O13 nanorods, has been re-examined to elucidate the role of volatile chlorides. A precursor mixture containing barium (or lead) and titanium was annealed in the presence of NaCl at 760 or 820 °C. The main products were respectively isometric nanocrystalline BaTiO3 and PbTiO3. Nanorods were also detected, but electron diffraction revealed that the composition of the nanorods was respectively BaTi2O5/BaTi5O11 and Na2Ti6O13 for the two different systems, in contradiction to the previous studies. It was shown that NaCl reacted with BaO (PbO) resulting in loss of volatile BaCl2 (PbCl2) and formation and preferential growth of titanium oxide-rich nanorods instead of the target phase BaTiO3 (or PbTiO3). The molten salt synthesis route may therefore not necessarily yield nanorods of the target ternary oxide as reported previously. In addition, the importance of NaCl(g) for the growth of nanorods below the melting point of NaCl was demonstrated in a special experimental setup, where NaCl and the precursors were physically separated. |
Author | Rørvik, Per Martin Lyngdal, Tone Einarsrud, Mari-Ann van Helvoort, Antonius T. J Sæterli, Ragnhild Holmestad, Randi Grande, Tor |
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Snippet | A molten salt synthesis route, previously reported to yield BaTiO3, PbTiO3, and Na2Ti6O13 nanorods, has been re-examined to elucidate the role of volatile... A molten salt synthesis route, previously reported to yield BaTiO sub(a), PbTiO sub(3), and Na sub(2)Ti sub(6)O sub(13) nanorods, has been re-examined to... |
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SubjectTerms | Barium titanates Chlorides Fused salts Nanorods Oxides Precursors Synthesis Titanium |
Title | Influence of Volatile Chlorides on the Molten Salt Synthesis of Ternary Oxide Nanorods and Nanoparticles |
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