An Interconverting Family of Coordination Cages and a meso-Helicate; Effects of Temperature, Concentration, and Solvent on the Product Distribution of a Self-Assembly Process

The self-assembly between a water-soluble bis-bidentate ligand L18w and Co­(II) salts in water affords three high-spin Co­(II) products: a dinuclear meso-helicate [Co2(L18w)3]­X4; a tetrahedral cage [Co4(L18w)6]­X8; and a dodecanuclear truncated-tetrahedral cage [Co12(L18w)18]­X24 (X = BF4 or ClO4)....

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Published inInorganic chemistry Vol. 54; no. 6; pp. 2626 - 2637
Main Authors Cullen, William, Hunter, Christopher A, Ward, Michael D
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States American Chemical Society 16.03.2015
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Abstract The self-assembly between a water-soluble bis-bidentate ligand L18w and Co­(II) salts in water affords three high-spin Co­(II) products: a dinuclear meso-helicate [Co2(L18w)3]­X4; a tetrahedral cage [Co4(L18w)6]­X8; and a dodecanuclear truncated-tetrahedral cage [Co12(L18w)18]­X24 (X = BF4 or ClO4). All three products were crystallized under different conditions and structurally characterized. In [Co2(L18w)3]­X4 all three bridging ligands span a pair of metal ions; in the two larger products, there is a metal ion at each vertex of the Co4 or Co12 polyhedral cage array with a bridging ligand spanning a pair of metal ions along every edge. All three structural types are known: what is unusual here is the presence of all three from the same reaction. The assemblies Co 2 , Co 4 , and Co 12 are in slow equilibrium (hours/days) in aqueous solution, and this can be conveniently monitored by 1H NMR spectroscopy because (i) the paramagnetism of Co­(II) disperses the signals over a range of ca. 200 ppm and (ii) the different symmetries of the three species give characteristically different numbers of independent 1H NMR signals, which makes identification easy. From temperature- and concentration-dependent 1H NMR studies it is clear that increasing temperature and increasing dilution favors fragmentation to give a larger proportion of the smaller assemblies for entropic reasons. High concentrations and low temperature favor the larger assembly despite the unfavorable entropic and electrostatic factors associated with its formation. We suggest that this arises from the hydrophobic effect: reorganization of several smaller complexes into one larger one results in a smaller proportion of the hydrophobic ligand surface being exposed to water, with a larger proportion of the ligand surface protected in the interior of the assembly. In agreement with this, 1H NMR spectra in a nonaqueous solvent (MeNO2) show formation of only [Co2(L18w)3]­X4 because the driving force for reorganization into larger assemblies is now absent. Thus, we can identify the contributions of temperature, concentration, and solvent on the result of the metal/ligand self-assembly process and have determined the speciation behavior of the Co 2 /Co 4 /Co 12 system in aqueous solution.
AbstractList The self-assembly between a water-soluble bis-bidentate ligand L(18w) and Co(II) salts in water affords three high-spin Co(II) products: a dinuclear meso-helicate [Co2(L(18w))3]X4; a tetrahedral cage [Co4(L(18w))6]X8; and a dodecanuclear truncated-tetrahedral cage [Co12(L(18w))18]X24 (X = BF4 or ClO4). All three products were crystallized under different conditions and structurally characterized. In [Co2(L(18w))3]X4 all three bridging ligands span a pair of metal ions; in the two larger products, there is a metal ion at each vertex of the Co4 or Co12 polyhedral cage array with a bridging ligand spanning a pair of metal ions along every edge. All three structural types are known: what is unusual here is the presence of all three from the same reaction. The assemblies Co2, Co4, and Co12 are in slow equilibrium (hours/days) in aqueous solution, and this can be conveniently monitored by (1)H NMR spectroscopy because (i) the paramagnetism of Co(II) disperses the signals over a range of ca. 200 ppm and (ii) the different symmetries of the three species give characteristically different numbers of independent (1)H NMR signals, which makes identification easy. From temperature- and concentration-dependent (1)H NMR studies it is clear that increasing temperature and increasing dilution favors fragmentation to give a larger proportion of the smaller assemblies for entropic reasons. High concentrations and low temperature favor the larger assembly despite the unfavorable entropic and electrostatic factors associated with its formation. We suggest that this arises from the hydrophobic effect: reorganization of several smaller complexes into one larger one results in a smaller proportion of the hydrophobic ligand surface being exposed to water, with a larger proportion of the ligand surface protected in the interior of the assembly. In agreement with this, (1)H NMR spectra in a nonaqueous solvent (MeNO2) show formation of only [Co2(L(18w))3]X4 because the driving force for reorganization into larger assemblies is now absent. Thus, we can identify the contributions of temperature, concentration, and solvent on the result of the metal/ligand self-assembly process and have determined the speciation behavior of the Co2/Co4/Co12 system in aqueous solution.
The self-assembly between a water-soluble bis-bidentate ligand L18w and Co­(II) salts in water affords three high-spin Co­(II) products: a dinuclear meso-helicate [Co2(L18w)3]­X4; a tetrahedral cage [Co4(L18w)6]­X8; and a dodecanuclear truncated-tetrahedral cage [Co12(L18w)18]­X24 (X = BF4 or ClO4). All three products were crystallized under different conditions and structurally characterized. In [Co2(L18w)3]­X4 all three bridging ligands span a pair of metal ions; in the two larger products, there is a metal ion at each vertex of the Co4 or Co12 polyhedral cage array with a bridging ligand spanning a pair of metal ions along every edge. All three structural types are known: what is unusual here is the presence of all three from the same reaction. The assemblies Co 2 , Co 4 , and Co 12 are in slow equilibrium (hours/days) in aqueous solution, and this can be conveniently monitored by 1H NMR spectroscopy because (i) the paramagnetism of Co­(II) disperses the signals over a range of ca. 200 ppm and (ii) the different symmetries of the three species give characteristically different numbers of independent 1H NMR signals, which makes identification easy. From temperature- and concentration-dependent 1H NMR studies it is clear that increasing temperature and increasing dilution favors fragmentation to give a larger proportion of the smaller assemblies for entropic reasons. High concentrations and low temperature favor the larger assembly despite the unfavorable entropic and electrostatic factors associated with its formation. We suggest that this arises from the hydrophobic effect: reorganization of several smaller complexes into one larger one results in a smaller proportion of the hydrophobic ligand surface being exposed to water, with a larger proportion of the ligand surface protected in the interior of the assembly. In agreement with this, 1H NMR spectra in a nonaqueous solvent (MeNO2) show formation of only [Co2(L18w)3]­X4 because the driving force for reorganization into larger assemblies is now absent. Thus, we can identify the contributions of temperature, concentration, and solvent on the result of the metal/ligand self-assembly process and have determined the speciation behavior of the Co 2 /Co 4 /Co 12 system in aqueous solution.
The self-assembly between a water-soluble bis-bidentate ligand L18w and Co(II) salts in water affords three high-spin Co(II) products: a dinuclear meso-helicate; a tetrahedral cage; and a dodecanuclear truncated-tetrahedral cage. All three products were crystallized under different conditions and structurally characterized. High concentrations and low temperature favor the larger assembly despite the unfavorable entropic and electrostatic factors associated with its formation. Thus, we can identify the contributions of temperature, concentration, and solvent on the result of the metal/ligand self-assembly process and have determined the speciation behavior of the Co2/Co4/Co12 system in aqueous solution.
Author Hunter, Christopher A
Cullen, William
Ward, Michael D
AuthorAffiliation Department of Chemistry
University of Sheffield
University of Cambridge
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  surname: Cullen
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  givenname: Michael D
  surname: Ward
  fullname: Ward, Michael D
  email: m.d.ward@sheffield.ac.uk
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25700155$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet The self-assembly between a water-soluble bis-bidentate ligand L18w and Co­(II) salts in water affords three high-spin Co­(II) products: a dinuclear...
The self-assembly between a water-soluble bis-bidentate ligand L(18w) and Co(II) salts in water affords three high-spin Co(II) products: a dinuclear...
The self-assembly between a water-soluble bis-bidentate ligand L18w and Co(II) salts in water affords three high-spin Co(II) products: a dinuclear...
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pubmed
acs
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StartPage 2626
SubjectTerms Assembly
Cages
Carbon dioxide
Cobalt - chemistry
Crystallization
Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions
Ligands
Models, Molecular
Molecular Conformation
Organometallic Compounds - chemistry
Self assembly
Solvents
Solvents - chemistry
Speciation
Temperature
Water - chemistry
Title An Interconverting Family of Coordination Cages and a meso-Helicate; Effects of Temperature, Concentration, and Solvent on the Product Distribution of a Self-Assembly Process
URI http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic502780b
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25700155
https://search.proquest.com/docview/1664206951
https://search.proquest.com/docview/1793297240
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