Impact of spatial variability of shear wave velocity on the lagged coherency of synthetic surface ground motions
The spatial incoherence of ground motion during an earthquake can have a significant effect on the dynamic response of engineering structures such as bridges, dams, nuclear power plants and lifeline facilities. The main objective of this paper is to study the effect of anisotropic heterogeneities in...
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Published in | Soil dynamics and earthquake engineering (1984) Vol. 145; p. 106689 |
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Language | English |
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Abstract | The spatial incoherence of ground motion during an earthquake can have a significant effect on the dynamic response of engineering structures such as bridges, dams, nuclear power plants and lifeline facilities. The main objective of this paper is to study the effect of anisotropic heterogeneities in a soil layer overlying homogeneous bedrock on the lagged coherency of surface ground motion. A set of numerical experiments is performed based on 2D spatial variability of shear-wave velocities modeled as a homogeneous stationary random field and discretized by the EOLE method (Expansion Optimal Linear Estimation). Seismic ground motions were simulated using FLAC2D software in the 1–25 Hz band for a plane wave excitation with SV polarization. The soil is characterized by horizontal and vertical autocorrelation distances ranging between 5 and 20 m and 1 and 2 m, respectively, and a coefficient of variation of the shear-wave velocity varying between 5% and 40%. The synthetic seismograms calculated for 9 parameter sets (100 realizations each) clearly show seismic waves scattering and surface waves diffracted locally by the ground heterogeneities, generating large spatial variations in coherence mainly controlled by the coefficient of variation of shear-wave velocity. Consistently with existing models and experimental data, the numerical coherency curves decrease with frequency and receiver distance, however at a rate which is lower than that observed in the experimental data. This difference is probably due to intrinsic attenuation that is not accounted for in the simulations and/or to our 2D simulations that do not reproduce the complete wavefield. The numerical average coherency curves for each parameter set exhibit maxima within narrow frequency bands caused by the vertically trapped body waves and surface wave propagation properties within the average ground model. This interpretation is supported by experimental data recorded in the Koutavos-Argostoli valley (Greece).
•The shear-wave velocity coefficient of variation is controlling the coherency of the surface ground motion.•The effect of the horizontal autocorrelation distance is observed for small inter-receivers’ distances.•Maximum coherency is observed at the resonant frequencies and the Airy phase.•This interpretation is validated in both numerical and experimental observations.•The atanh transformation is not relevant for coherency standard variation estimation.•Existing coherency models underestimate the coherency of synthetic ground motions. |
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AbstractList | The spatial incoherence of ground motion during an earthquake can have a significant effect on the dynamic response of engineering structures such as bridges, dams, nuclear power plants and lifeline facilities. The main objective of this paper is to study the effect of anisotropic heterogeneities in a soil layer overlying homogeneous bedrock on the lagged coherency of surface ground motion. A set of numerical experiments is performed based on 2D spatial variability of shear-wave velocities modeled as a homogeneous stationary random field and discretized by the EOLE method (Expansion Optimal Linear Estimation). Seismic ground motions were simulated using FLAC2D software in the 1–25 Hz band for a plane wave excitation with SV polarization. The soil is characterized by horizontal and vertical autocorrelation distances ranging between 5 and 20 m and 1 and 2 m, respectively, and a coefficient of variation of the shear-wave velocity varying between 5% and 40%. The synthetic seismograms calculated for 9 parameter sets (100 realizations each) clearly show seismic waves scattering and surface waves diffracted locally by the ground heterogeneities, generating large spatial variations in coherence mainly controlled by the coefficient of variation of shear-wave velocity. Consistently with existing models and experimental data, the numerical coherency curves decrease with frequency and receiver distance, however at a rate which is lower than that observed in the experimental data. This difference is probably due to intrinsic attenuation that is not accounted for in the simulations and/or to our 2D simulations that do not reproduce the complete wavefield. The numerical average coherency curves for each parameter set exhibit maxima within narrow frequency bands caused by the vertically trapped body waves and surface wave propagation properties within the average ground model. This interpretation is supported by experimental data recorded in the Koutavos-Argostoli valley (Greece). The spatial incoherence of ground motion during an earthquake can have a significant effect on the dynamic response of engineering structures such as bridges, dams, nuclear power plants and lifeline facilities. The main objective of this paper is to study the effect of anisotropic heterogeneities in a soil layer overlying homogeneous bedrock on the lagged coherency of surface ground motion. A set of numerical experiments is performed based on 2D spatial variability of shear-wave velocities modeled as a homogeneous stationary random field and discretized by the EOLE method (Expansion Optimal Linear Estimation). Seismic ground motions were simulated using FLAC2D software in the 1–25 Hz band for a plane wave excitation with SV polarization. The soil is characterized by horizontal and vertical autocorrelation distances ranging between 5 and 20 m and 1 and 2 m, respectively, and a coefficient of variation of the shear-wave velocity varying between 5% and 40%. The synthetic seismograms calculated for 9 parameter sets (100 realizations each) clearly show seismic waves scattering and surface waves diffracted locally by the ground heterogeneities, generating large spatial variations in coherence mainly controlled by the coefficient of variation of shear-wave velocity. Consistently with existing models and experimental data, the numerical coherency curves decrease with frequency and receiver distance, however at a rate which is lower than that observed in the experimental data. This difference is probably due to intrinsic attenuation that is not accounted for in the simulations and/or to our 2D simulations that do not reproduce the complete wavefield. The numerical average coherency curves for each parameter set exhibit maxima within narrow frequency bands caused by the vertically trapped body waves and surface wave propagation properties within the average ground model. This interpretation is supported by experimental data recorded in the Koutavos-Argostoli valley (Greece). •The shear-wave velocity coefficient of variation is controlling the coherency of the surface ground motion.•The effect of the horizontal autocorrelation distance is observed for small inter-receivers’ distances.•Maximum coherency is observed at the resonant frequencies and the Airy phase.•This interpretation is validated in both numerical and experimental observations.•The atanh transformation is not relevant for coherency standard variation estimation.•Existing coherency models underestimate the coherency of synthetic ground motions. |
ArticleNumber | 106689 |
Author | Jongmans, D. Lopez-Caballero, F. El Haber, E. Cornou, C. Youssef Abdelmassih, D. Al-Bittar, T. |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: E. orcidid: 0000-0002-0864-7314 surname: El Haber fullname: El Haber, E. email: elias.el-haber@univ-grenoble-alpes.fr organization: Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IRD, IFSTTAR, ISTerre, 38000, Grenoble, France – sequence: 2 givenname: C. surname: Cornou fullname: Cornou, C. organization: Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IRD, IFSTTAR, ISTerre, 38000, Grenoble, France – sequence: 3 givenname: D. surname: Jongmans fullname: Jongmans, D. organization: Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IRD, IFSTTAR, ISTerre, 38000, Grenoble, France – sequence: 4 givenname: F. surname: Lopez-Caballero fullname: Lopez-Caballero, F. organization: MSSMat Laboratory, CNRS UMR 8579, CentraleSupélec Paris-Saclay Univ., 3 Rue Joliot-Curie, 91190, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France – sequence: 5 givenname: D. surname: Youssef Abdelmassih fullname: Youssef Abdelmassih, D. organization: Scientific Reaserch Center in Engineering, CSRI, Faculty of Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Lebanese University, Lebanon – sequence: 6 givenname: T. surname: Al-Bittar fullname: Al-Bittar, T. organization: Scientific Reaserch Center in Engineering, CSRI, Faculty of Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Lebanese University, Lebanon |
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Keywords | Random field Spatial variability Coherency Autocorrelation Seismic response |
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Snippet | The spatial incoherence of ground motion during an earthquake can have a significant effect on the dynamic response of engineering structures such as bridges,... |
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SubjectTerms | Attenuation Autocorrelation Bedrock Civil Engineering Coefficient of variation Coherence Coherency Dam engineering Dynamic response Earthquakes Engineering Sciences Experimental data Fields (mathematics) Frequencies Ground motion Géotechnique Incoherence Mathematical models Nuclear energy Nuclear power plants Numerical experiments Parameters Plane waves Propagation Random field S waves Seismic activity Seismic response Seismic waves Seismograms Shear Simulation Soil layers Soils Spatial variability Spatial variations Surface waves Two dimensional models Velocity Wave diffraction Wave excitation Wave propagation Wave velocity |
Title | Impact of spatial variability of shear wave velocity on the lagged coherency of synthetic surface ground motions |
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