Antarctic calving loss rivals ice-shelf thinning

Antarctica’s ice shelves help to control the flow of glacial ice as it drains into the ocean, meaning that the rate of global sea-level rise is subject to the structural integrity of these fragile, floating extensions of the ice sheet 1 – 3 . Until now, data limitations have made it difficult to mon...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inNature (London) Vol. 609; no. 7929; pp. 948 - 953
Main Authors Greene, Chad A., Gardner, Alex S., Schlegel, Nicole-Jeanne, Fraser, Alexander D.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London Nature Publishing Group UK 29.09.2022
Nature Publishing Group
Subjects
704/106/125
704/106/829/2737
Altimetry
Buttresses
Coastal evolution
Coasts
Glaciers
Humanities and Social Sciences
Ice
Ice sheets
Ice shelves
Land ice
multidisciplinary
Net losses
Radar
Radar data
Radar satellites
Satellites
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Sea level
Sea level rise
Structural integrity
Thinning
Trends
Antarctica
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0028-0836
1476-4687
1476-4687
DOI10.1038/s41586-022-05037-w

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Abstract Antarctica’s ice shelves help to control the flow of glacial ice as it drains into the ocean, meaning that the rate of global sea-level rise is subject to the structural integrity of these fragile, floating extensions of the ice sheet 1 – 3 . Until now, data limitations have made it difficult to monitor the growth and retreat cycles of ice shelves on a large scale, and the full impact of recent calving-front changes on ice-shelf buttressing has not been understood. Here, by combining data from multiple optical and radar satellite sensors, we generate pan-Antarctic, spatially continuous coastlines at roughly annual resolution since 1997. We show that from 1997 to 2021, Antarctica experienced a net loss of 36,701 ± 1,465 square kilometres (1.9 per cent) of ice-shelf area that cannot be fully regained before the next series of major calving events, which are likely to occur in the next decade. Mass loss associated with ice-front retreat (5,874 ± 396 gigatonnes) has been approximately equal to mass change owing to ice-shelf thinning over the past quarter of a century (6,113 ± 452 gigatonnes), meaning that the total mass loss is nearly double that which could be measured by altimetry-based surveys alone. We model the impacts of Antarctica’s recent coastline evolution in the absence of additional feedbacks, and find that calving and thinning have produced equivalent reductions in ice-shelf buttressing since 2007, and that further retreat could produce increasingly significant sea-level rise in the future. Data from multiple satellite sensors show that Antarctica lost almost 37,000 km 2 of ice-shelf area from 1997 to 2021, and that calving losses are as important as ice-shelf thinning.
AbstractList Antarctica's ice shelves help to control the flow of glacial ice as it drains into the ocean, meaning that the rate of global sea-level rise is subject to the structural integrity of these fragile, floating extensions of the ice sheet1-3. Until now, data limitations have made it difficult to monitor the growth and retreat cycles of ice shelves on a large scale, and the full impact of recent calving-front changes on ice-shelf buttressing has not been understood. Here, by combining data from multiple optical and radar satellite sensors, we generate pan-Antarctic, spatially continuous coastlines at roughly annual resolution since 1997. We show that from 1997 to 2021, Antarctica experienced a net loss of 36,701 ± 1,465 square kilometres (1.9 per cent) of ice-shelf area that cannot be fully regained before the next series of major calving events, which are likely to occur in the next decade. Mass loss associated with ice-front retreat (5,874 ± 396 gigatonnes) has been approximately equal to mass change owing to ice-shelf thinning over the past quarter of a century (6,113 ± 452 gigatonnes), meaning that the total mass loss is nearly double that which could be measured by altimetry-based surveys alone. We model the impacts of Antarctica's recent coastline evolution in the absence of additional feedbacks, and find that calving and thinning have produced equivalent reductions in ice-shelf buttressing since 2007, and that further retreat could produce increasingly significant sea-level rise in the future.Antarctica's ice shelves help to control the flow of glacial ice as it drains into the ocean, meaning that the rate of global sea-level rise is subject to the structural integrity of these fragile, floating extensions of the ice sheet1-3. Until now, data limitations have made it difficult to monitor the growth and retreat cycles of ice shelves on a large scale, and the full impact of recent calving-front changes on ice-shelf buttressing has not been understood. Here, by combining data from multiple optical and radar satellite sensors, we generate pan-Antarctic, spatially continuous coastlines at roughly annual resolution since 1997. We show that from 1997 to 2021, Antarctica experienced a net loss of 36,701 ± 1,465 square kilometres (1.9 per cent) of ice-shelf area that cannot be fully regained before the next series of major calving events, which are likely to occur in the next decade. Mass loss associated with ice-front retreat (5,874 ± 396 gigatonnes) has been approximately equal to mass change owing to ice-shelf thinning over the past quarter of a century (6,113 ± 452 gigatonnes), meaning that the total mass loss is nearly double that which could be measured by altimetry-based surveys alone. We model the impacts of Antarctica's recent coastline evolution in the absence of additional feedbacks, and find that calving and thinning have produced equivalent reductions in ice-shelf buttressing since 2007, and that further retreat could produce increasingly significant sea-level rise in the future.
Antarctica’s ice shelves help to control the flow of glacial ice as it drains into the ocean, meaning that the rate of global sea-level rise is subject to the structural integrity of these fragile, floating extensions of the ice sheet 1 – 3 . Until now, data limitations have made it difficult to monitor the growth and retreat cycles of ice shelves on a large scale, and the full impact of recent calving-front changes on ice-shelf buttressing has not been understood. Here, by combining data from multiple optical and radar satellite sensors, we generate pan-Antarctic, spatially continuous coastlines at roughly annual resolution since 1997. We show that from 1997 to 2021, Antarctica experienced a net loss of 36,701 ± 1,465 square kilometres (1.9 per cent) of ice-shelf area that cannot be fully regained before the next series of major calving events, which are likely to occur in the next decade. Mass loss associated with ice-front retreat (5,874 ± 396 gigatonnes) has been approximately equal to mass change owing to ice-shelf thinning over the past quarter of a century (6,113 ± 452 gigatonnes), meaning that the total mass loss is nearly double that which could be measured by altimetry-based surveys alone. We model the impacts of Antarctica’s recent coastline evolution in the absence of additional feedbacks, and find that calving and thinning have produced equivalent reductions in ice-shelf buttressing since 2007, and that further retreat could produce increasingly significant sea-level rise in the future. Data from multiple satellite sensors show that Antarctica lost almost 37,000 km 2 of ice-shelf area from 1997 to 2021, and that calving losses are as important as ice-shelf thinning.
Antarctica's ice shelves help to control the flow ofglacial ice as it drains into the ocean, meaning that the rate ofglobal sea-level rise is subject to the structural integrity of these fragile, floating extensions of the ice sheet1-3. Until now, data limitations have made it difficult to monitor the growth and retreat cycles of ice shelves on a large scale, and the full impact ofrecent calving-front changes on ice-shelf buttressing has not been understood. Here, by combining data from multiple optical and radar satellite sensors, we generate pan-Antarctic, spatially continuous coastlines at roughly annual resolution since 1997. We show that from 1997 to 2021, Antarctica experienced a net loss of36,701 ± 1,465 square kilometres (1.9 per cent) of ice-shelf area that cannot be fully regained before the next series of major calving events, which are likely to occur in the next decade. Mass loss associated with ice-front retreat (5,874 ± 396 gigatonnes) has been approximately equal to mass change owing to ice-shelf thinning over the past quarter of a century (6,113 ± 452 gigatonnes), meaning that the total mass loss is nearly double that which could be measured by altimetry-based surveys alone. We model the impacts ofAntarctica's recent coastline evolution in the absence of additional feedbacks, and find that calving and thinning have produced equivalent reductions in ice-shelf buttressing since 2007, and that further retreat could produce increasingly significant sea-level rise in the future.
Author Fraser, Alexander D.
Schlegel, Nicole-Jeanne
Greene, Chad A.
Gardner, Alex S.
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  surname: Fraser
  fullname: Fraser, Alexander D.
  organization: Australian Antarctic Program Partnership, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania
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Copyright Nature Publishing Group Sep 29, 2022
2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.
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– notice: 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.
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Snippet Antarctica’s ice shelves help to control the flow of glacial ice as it drains into the ocean, meaning that the rate of global sea-level rise is subject to the...
Antarctica's ice shelves help to control the flow ofglacial ice as it drains into the ocean, meaning that the rate ofglobal sea-level rise is subject to the...
Antarctica's ice shelves help to control the flow of glacial ice as it drains into the ocean, meaning that the rate of global sea-level rise is subject to the...
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springer
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SubjectTerms 704/106/125
704/106/829/2737
Altimetry
Buttresses
Coastal evolution
Coasts
Glaciers
Humanities and Social Sciences
Ice
Ice sheets
Ice shelves
Land ice
multidisciplinary
Net losses
Radar
Radar data
Radar satellites
Satellites
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Sea level
Sea level rise
Structural integrity
Thinning
Trends
Title Antarctic calving loss rivals ice-shelf thinning
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/s41586-022-05037-w
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https://www.proquest.com/docview/2701073750
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