Form and behavior of radium, uranium, and thorium in central Pennsylvania soils derived from dolomite
In a pair of well‐ and poorly‐drained soils developed on Ordovician carbonate rocks in Central Pennsylvania, the distribution with depth and chemical form of 238U, 232Th, and 226Ra have been compared to soil properties. Concentrations range from 3.3 to 8 ppm U and 6.3 to 11 ppm Th in the soils. Alth...
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Published in | Geophysical research letters Vol. 17; no. 6; pp. 833 - 836 |
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Main Authors | , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
United States
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.05.1990
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Abstract | In a pair of well‐ and poorly‐drained soils developed on Ordovician carbonate rocks in Central Pennsylvania, the distribution with depth and chemical form of 238U, 232Th, and 226Ra have been compared to soil properties. Concentrations range from 3.3 to 8 ppm U and 6.3 to 11 ppm Th in the soils. Although radium is in equilibrium with U at depth in both soils, in surficial A‐horizons Ra is well in excess of U (165–180%). Ra and U are enriched 10X‐12X over the bedrock. Th is enriched, along with Al and Fe, by 20X.
Progressive selective extractions for U, Th, and Ra in soil show half the radium occurring in pedogenic phases, chiefly in the organic fractions (24% of total Ra). By contrast, <1% of the U and Th occurs in any of the organic fractions; up to 80% occurs in the silt and clay fractions with a significant occurrence in the Fe‐oxides, up to 50% for Th.
Ra and chemically similar Ba are cycled by vegetation but Ra is retained in soil, bound in humified soil organic matter while Ba is not. Radon emanation of these soils (8–27%) can be almost entirely attributed to highly emanative Ra bound in organic matter. In these soils the action of vegetation leads to high soil gas radon by maintaining high Ra concentration and enhancing its emanating power. |
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AbstractList | In a pair of well- and poorly-drained soils developed on Ordovician carbonate rocks in Central Pennsylvania, the distribution with depth and chemical form of super(238)U, super(232)Th, and super(226)Ra have been compared to soil properties. Concentrations range from 3.3 to 8 ppm U and 6.3 to 11 ppm Th in the soils. Although radium is in equilibrium with U at depth in both soils, in surficial A-horizons Ra is well in excess of U (165-180%). Ra and U are enriched 10X-12X over the bedrock. Th is enriched, along with Al and Fe, by 20X. Progressive selective extractions for U, Th, and Ra in soil show half the radium occurring in pedogenic phases, chiefly in the organic fractions (24% of total Ra). By contrast, <1% of the U and Th occurs in any of the organic fractions; up to 80% occurs in the silt and clay fractions with a significant occurrence in the Fe-oxides, up to 50% for Th. Ra and chemically similar Ba are cycled by vegetation but Ra is retained in soil, bound in humified soil organic matter while Ba is not. Radon emanation of these soils (8-27%) can be almost entirely attributed to highly emanative Ra bound in organic matter. In these soils the action of vegetation leads to high soil gas radon by maintaining high Ra concentration and enhancing its emanating power. In a pair of well- and poorly-drained soils developed on Ordovician carbonate rocks in Central Pennsylvania, the distribution with depth and chemical form of {sup 238}U, {sup 232}Th, and {sup 226}Ra have been compared to soil properties. Concentrations range from 3.3 to 8 ppm U and 6.3 to 11 ppm Th in the soils. Although radium is in equilibrium with U at depth in both soils, in surficial A-horizons Ra is well in excess of U (165-180%). Ra and U are enriched 10{times}-12{times} over the bedrock. Th is enriched, along with Al and Fe, by 20{times}. Progressive selective extractions for U, Th, and Ra in soil show half the radium occurring in pedogenic phases, chiefly in the organic fractions (24% of total Ra). By contrast, <1% of the U and Th occurs in any of the organic fractions; up to 80% occurs in the silt and clay fractions with a significant occurrence in the Fe-oxides, up to 50% for Th. Ra and chemically similar Ba are cycled by vegetation but Ra is retained in soil, bound in humified soil organic matter while Ba is not. Radon emanation of these soils (8-27%) can be almost entirely attributed to highly emanative Ra bound in organic matter. In these soils the action of vegetation leads to high soil gas radon by maintaining high Ra concentration and enhancing its emanating power. In a pair of well‐ and poorly‐drained soils developed on Ordovician carbonate rocks in Central Pennsylvania, the distribution with depth and chemical form of 238U, 232Th, and 226Ra have been compared to soil properties. Concentrations range from 3.3 to 8 ppm U and 6.3 to 11 ppm Th in the soils. Although radium is in equilibrium with U at depth in both soils, in surficial A‐horizons Ra is well in excess of U (165–180%). Ra and U are enriched 10X‐12X over the bedrock. Th is enriched, along with Al and Fe, by 20X. Progressive selective extractions for U, Th, and Ra in soil show half the radium occurring in pedogenic phases, chiefly in the organic fractions (24% of total Ra). By contrast, <1% of the U and Th occurs in any of the organic fractions; up to 80% occurs in the silt and clay fractions with a significant occurrence in the Fe‐oxides, up to 50% for Th. Ra and chemically similar Ba are cycled by vegetation but Ra is retained in soil, bound in humified soil organic matter while Ba is not. Radon emanation of these soils (8–27%) can be almost entirely attributed to highly emanative Ra bound in organic matter. In these soils the action of vegetation leads to high soil gas radon by maintaining high Ra concentration and enhancing its emanating power. In a pair of well‐ and poorly‐drained soils developed on Ordovician carbonate rocks in Central Pennsylvania, the distribution with depth and chemical form of 238 U, 232 Th, and 226 Ra have been compared to soil properties. Concentrations range from 3.3 to 8 ppm U and 6.3 to 11 ppm Th in the soils. Although radium is in equilibrium with U at depth in both soils, in surficial A‐horizons Ra is well in excess of U (165–180%). Ra and U are enriched 10X‐12X over the bedrock. Th is enriched, along with Al and Fe, by 20X. Progressive selective extractions for U, Th, and Ra in soil show half the radium occurring in pedogenic phases, chiefly in the organic fractions (24% of total Ra). By contrast, <1% of the U and Th occurs in any of the organic fractions; up to 80% occurs in the silt and clay fractions with a significant occurrence in the Fe‐oxides, up to 50% for Th. Ra and chemically similar Ba are cycled by vegetation but Ra is retained in soil, bound in humified soil organic matter while Ba is not. Radon emanation of these soils (8–27%) can be almost entirely attributed to highly emanative Ra bound in organic matter. In these soils the action of vegetation leads to high soil gas radon by maintaining high Ra concentration and enhancing its emanating power. |
Author | Jester, William A. Rose, Arthur W. Greeman, Daniel J. |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Daniel J. surname: Greeman fullname: Greeman, Daniel J. organization: Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University – sequence: 2 givenname: Arthur W. surname: Rose fullname: Rose, Arthur W. organization: Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University – sequence: 3 givenname: William A. surname: Jester fullname: Jester, William A. organization: Department of Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University |
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Cites_doi | 10.1016/0375-6742(88)90035-0 10.1029/JB079i023p03357 10.2172/7211302 |
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Copyright | Copyright 1990 by the American Geophysical Union. |
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References | Ciolkosz, E. J.R. C. CronceR. R. DobosPennsylvania State University soil characterization laboratory manual Agronomy Series #101, Pennsylvania State University, 1988 Washington, J. W.A. W. Rose, Regional and temporal relations of radon in soil gas to soil temperature and moisture, Geophysical Res. Lett., 1989 Krieger, H. J.Interim radiochemical methodology for drinking water U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Report EPA-600/4-, 75-008 48, 1976 Megumi, K.T. Mamuro, Emanation and exhalation of radon and thoron gases from soil particles, J. Geophys. Res., 79 23, 3357-3360, 1974 Rose, A. W.R. L. SchmiermundD. L. MaharGeochemical dispersion of uranium near prospects in Pennsylvania U.S. Department of Energy Report GJBX-59(77), 1977 Gueniot, BernardC. Mumer-LamyJ. Berthelin, Geochemical behavior of uranium in soil Part 1 Influence of pedogenic processes on the distribution of uranium in aerated soils, J. Geochem. Expl., 31, 21-37, 1988 Rose, A.WM. P. SimonPircC. A. ToleM. BellL. KeithL. PilioneRegional and local anomalies of uranium and thorium in rocks near sandstone-type uranium deposits in Pennsylvania and Colorado U.S. Department of Energy Report GJBX-126(80), 1980 1976 1982 1988; 31 1980 1974; 79 23 1989 1988 1977 Tanner A. B. (e_1_2_1_9_1) 1980 e_1_2_1_5_1 Rosholt J. N. (e_1_2_1_8_1) 1982 e_1_2_1_3_1 Krieger H. J. (e_1_2_1_4_1) 1976 Rose A. W. (e_1_2_1_6_1) 1977 Rose A.W (e_1_2_1_7_1) 1980 Washington J. W. (e_1_2_1_10_1) 1989 Ciolkosz E. J. (e_1_2_1_2_1) 1988 |
References_xml | – year: 1989 article-title: Regional and temporal relations of radon in soil gas to soil temperature and moisture publication-title: Geophysical Res. Lett. – start-page: 5 year: 1980 end-page: 56 – volume: 31 start-page: 21 year: 1988 end-page: 37 article-title: Geochemical behavior of uranium in soil Part 1 Influence of pedogenic processes on the distribution of uranium in aerated soils publication-title: J. Geochem. Expl. – volume: 79 23 start-page: 3357 year: 1974 end-page: 3360 article-title: Emanation and exhalation of radon and thoron gases from soil particles publication-title: J. Geophys. Res. – start-page: 75 year: 1976 end-page: 008 48 – year: 1980 – start-page: 167 year: 1982 end-page: 180 – year: 1977 – year: 1988 – start-page: 75 volume-title: Interim radiochemical methodology for drinking water U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Report EPA‐600/4‐ year: 1976 ident: e_1_2_1_4_1 contributor: fullname: Krieger H. J. – year: 1989 ident: e_1_2_1_10_1 article-title: Regional and temporal relations of radon in soil gas to soil temperature and moisture publication-title: Geophysical Res. Lett. contributor: fullname: Washington J. W. – ident: e_1_2_1_3_1 doi: 10.1016/0375-6742(88)90035-0 – ident: e_1_2_1_5_1 doi: 10.1029/JB079i023p03357 – volume-title: Geochemical dispersion of uranium near prospects in Pennsylvania U.S. Department of Energy Report GJBX‐59(77) year: 1977 ident: e_1_2_1_6_1 doi: 10.2172/7211302 contributor: fullname: Rose A. W. – volume-title: Pennsylvania State University soil characterization laboratory manual Agronomy Series #101 year: 1988 ident: e_1_2_1_2_1 contributor: fullname: Ciolkosz E. J. – volume-title: Regional and local anomalies of uranium and thorium in rocks near sandstone‐type uranium deposits in Pennsylvania and Colorado U.S. Department of Energy Report GJBX‐126(80) year: 1980 ident: e_1_2_1_7_1 contributor: fullname: Rose A.W – start-page: 167 volume-title: Uranium Series Disequilibrium: Applications to Environmental Problems year: 1982 ident: e_1_2_1_8_1 contributor: fullname: Rosholt J. N. – start-page: 5 volume-title: Natural Radiation Environment III year: 1980 ident: e_1_2_1_9_1 contributor: fullname: Tanner A. B. |
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Snippet | In a pair of well‐ and poorly‐drained soils developed on Ordovician carbonate rocks in Central Pennsylvania, the distribution with depth and chemical form of... In a pair of well- and poorly-drained soils developed on Ordovician carbonate rocks in Central Pennsylvania, the distribution with depth and chemical form of... |
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SubjectTerms | 540230 - Environment, Terrestrial- Radioactive Materials Monitoring & Transport- (1990-) ACTINIDE ISOTOPES ACTINIDE NUCLEI ALKALINE EARTH ISOTOPES ALKALINE EARTH METAL COMPOUNDS ALKALINE EARTH METALS ALPHA DECAY RADIOISOTOPES BARIUM CALCIUM CARBONATES CALCIUM COMPOUNDS CARBON 14 DECAY RADIOISOTOPES CARBON COMPOUNDS CARBONATE MINERALS CARBONATE ROCKS CARBONATES CHEMISTRY DEPTH DIMENSIONS DISTRIBUTION DOLOMITE ECOLOGICAL CONCENTRATION ELEMENTS Emission ENRICHMENT ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSPORT EVEN-EVEN NUCLEI EXTRACTION FEDERAL REGION III FLUIDS GAS ANALYSIS GASES GEOLOGIC AGES HEAVY ION DECAY RADIOISOTOPES HEAVY NUCLEI Iron ISOTOPES MAGNESIUM CARBONATES MAGNESIUM COMPOUNDS MASS TRANSFER METALS MINERALS NONMETALS NORTH AMERICA NUCLEI ORDOVICIAN PERIOD ORGANIC MATTER OXYGEN COMPOUNDS PALEOZOIC ERA PENNSYLVANIA PHYSICAL PROPERTIES PLANTS RADIOISOTOPES Radium RADIUM 226 RADIUM ISOTOPES RADON RARE GASES RECYCLING ROCKS SAMPLING SEDIMENTARY ROCKS SEPARATION PROCESSES SOIL CHEMISTRY SOILS SOLVENT EXTRACTION Thorium THORIUM 232 THORIUM ISOTOPES UPTAKE URANIUM 238 URANIUM ISOTOPES USA Vegetation YEARS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES |
Title | Form and behavior of radium, uranium, and thorium in central Pennsylvania soils derived from dolomite |
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