Global Sustainability and Key Needs in Future Automotive Design

• Published in: Environmental science & technology Vol. 37; no. 23; pp. 5414 - 5416
• Main Author: McAuley, John W
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Washington, DC American Chemical Society 01.12.2003
• Subjects: Air Pollution - prevention & control; Applied sciences; Automobiles; Conservation of Energy Resources; Design; Energy consumption; Equipment Design; Exact sciences and technology; Future; Global environmental pollution; Manufactured Materials; Motor Vehicles; Pollution; Refuse Disposal; Sustainable development; Technology - trends; Vehicle Emissions - prevention & control; Vehicles; Alternative fuel; Hybrid vehicle; Pollution prevention; Automobile industry; Lightweight vehicle; Fuel consumption; Air pollution; Recycling; Sustainable development; Weight; Optimal design; Environmental protection
• DOI: 10.1021/es030521x
• ISSN: 0013-936X

The number of light vehicle registrations is forecast to increase worldwide by a factor of 3−5 over the next 50 years. This will dramatically increase environmental impacts worldwide of automobiles and light trucks. If light vehicles are to be environmentally sustainable globally, the automotive industry must implement fundamental changes in future automotive design. Important factors in assessing automobile design needs include fuel economy and reduced emissions. Many design parameters can impact vehicle air emissions and energy consumption including alternative fuel or engine technologies, rolling resistance, aerodynamics, drive train design, friction, and vehicle weight. Of these, vehicle weight is key and will translate into reduced energy demand across all energy distribution elements. A new class of vehicles is needed that combines ultra-light design with a likely hybrid or fuel cell engine technology. This could increase efficiency by a factor of 3−5 and reduce air emissions as well. Advanced lightweight materials, such as plastics or composites, will need to overtake the present metal-based infrastructure. Incorporating design features to facilitate end-of-life recycling and recovery is also important. The trend will be towards fewer materials and parts in vehicle design, combined with ease of disassembly. Mono-material construction can create vehicle design with improved recyclability as well as reduced numbers of parts and weight.