Medical Debt in the US, 2009-2020
IMPORTANCE: Medical debt is an increasing concern in the US, yet there is limited understanding of the amount and distribution of medical debt, and its association with health care policies. OBJECTIVE: To measure the amount of medical debt nationally and by geographic region and income group and its...
Saved in:
Published in | JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association Vol. 326; no. 3; pp. 250 - 256 |
---|---|
Main Authors | , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
United States
American Medical Association
20.07.2021
|
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
Abstract | IMPORTANCE: Medical debt is an increasing concern in the US, yet there is limited understanding of the amount and distribution of medical debt, and its association with health care policies. OBJECTIVE: To measure the amount of medical debt nationally and by geographic region and income group and its association with Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Data on medical debt in collections were obtained from a nationally representative 10% panel of consumer credit reports between January 2009 and June 2020 (reflecting care provided prior to the COVID-19 pandemic). Income data were obtained from the 2014-2018 American Community Survey. The sample consisted of 4.1 billion person-month observations (nearly 40 million unique individuals). These data were used to estimate the amount of medical debt (nationally and by geographic region and zip code income decile) and to examine the association between Medicaid expansion and medical debt (overall and by income group). EXPOSURES: Geographic region (US Census region), income group (zip code income decile), and state Medicaid expansion status. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The stock (all unpaid debt listed on credit reports) and flow (new debt listed on credit reports during the preceding 12 months) of medical debt in collections that can be collected on by debt collectors. RESULTS: In June 2020, an estimated 17.8% of individuals had medical debt (13.0% accrued debt during the prior year), and the mean amount was $429 ($311 accrued during the prior year). The mean stock of medical debt was highest in the South and lowest in the Northeast ($616 vs $167; difference, $448 [95% CI, $435-$462]) and higher in poor than in rich zip code income deciles ($677 vs $126; difference, $551 [95% CI, $520-$581]). Between 2013 and 2020, the states that expanded Medicaid in 2014 experienced a decline in the mean flow of medical debt that was 34.0 percentage points (95% CI, 18.5-49.4 percentage points) greater (from $330 to $175) than the states that did not expand Medicaid (from $613 to $550). In the expansion states, the gap in the mean flow of medical debt between the lowest and highest zip code income deciles decreased by $145 (95% CI, $95-$194) while the gap increased by $218 (95% CI, $163-$273) in the nonexpansion states. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This study provides an estimate of the amount of medical debt in collections in the US based on consumer credit reports from January 2009 to June 2020, reflecting care delivered prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, and suggests that the amount of medical debt was highest among individuals living in the South and in lower-income communities. However, further study is needed regarding debt related to COVID-19. |
---|---|
AbstractList | This retrospective cohort analysis of credit reports for a nationally representative 10% panel of individuals estimates the amount of medical debt nationally and by geographic region and income group and its association with Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act. IMPORTANCE: Medical debt is an increasing concern in the US, yet there is limited understanding of the amount and distribution of medical debt, and its association with health care policies. OBJECTIVE: To measure the amount of medical debt nationally and by geographic region and income group and its association with Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Data on medical debt in collections were obtained from a nationally representative 10% panel of consumer credit reports between January 2009 and June 2020 (reflecting care provided prior to the COVID-19 pandemic). Income data were obtained from the 2014-2018 American Community Survey. The sample consisted of 4.1 billion person-month observations (nearly 40 million unique individuals). These data were used to estimate the amount of medical debt (nationally and by geographic region and zip code income decile) and to examine the association between Medicaid expansion and medical debt (overall and by income group). EXPOSURES: Geographic region (US Census region), income group (zip code income decile), and state Medicaid expansion status. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The stock (all unpaid debt listed on credit reports) and flow (new debt listed on credit reports during the preceding 12 months) of medical debt in collections that can be collected on by debt collectors. RESULTS: In June 2020, an estimated 17.8% of individuals had medical debt (13.0% accrued debt during the prior year), and the mean amount was $429 ($311 accrued during the prior year). The mean stock of medical debt was highest in the South and lowest in the Northeast ($616 vs $167; difference, $448 [95% CI, $435-$462]) and higher in poor than in rich zip code income deciles ($677 vs $126; difference, $551 [95% CI, $520-$581]). Between 2013 and 2020, the states that expanded Medicaid in 2014 experienced a decline in the mean flow of medical debt that was 34.0 percentage points (95% CI, 18.5-49.4 percentage points) greater (from $330 to $175) than the states that did not expand Medicaid (from $613 to $550). In the expansion states, the gap in the mean flow of medical debt between the lowest and highest zip code income deciles decreased by $145 (95% CI, $95-$194) while the gap increased by $218 (95% CI, $163-$273) in the nonexpansion states. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This study provides an estimate of the amount of medical debt in collections in the US based on consumer credit reports from January 2009 to June 2020, reflecting care delivered prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, and suggests that the amount of medical debt was highest among individuals living in the South and in lower-income communities. However, further study is needed regarding debt related to COVID-19. Medical debt is an increasing concern in the US, yet there is limited understanding of the amount and distribution of medical debt, and its association with health care policies. To measure the amount of medical debt nationally and by geographic region and income group and its association with Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act. Data on medical debt in collections were obtained from a nationally representative 10% panel of consumer credit reports between January 2009 and June 2020 (reflecting care provided prior to the COVID-19 pandemic). Income data were obtained from the 2014-2018 American Community Survey. The sample consisted of 4.1 billion person-month observations (nearly 40 million unique individuals). These data were used to estimate the amount of medical debt (nationally and by geographic region and zip code income decile) and to examine the association between Medicaid expansion and medical debt (overall and by income group). Geographic region (US Census region), income group (zip code income decile), and state Medicaid expansion status. The stock (all unpaid debt listed on credit reports) and flow (new debt listed on credit reports during the preceding 12 months) of medical debt in collections that can be collected on by debt collectors. In June 2020, an estimated 17.8% of individuals had medical debt (13.0% accrued debt during the prior year), and the mean amount was $429 ($311 accrued during the prior year). The mean stock of medical debt was highest in the South and lowest in the Northeast ($616 vs $167; difference, $448 [95% CI, $435-$462]) and higher in poor than in rich zip code income deciles ($677 vs $126; difference, $551 [95% CI, $520-$581]). Between 2013 and 2020, the states that expanded Medicaid in 2014 experienced a decline in the mean flow of medical debt that was 34.0 percentage points (95% CI, 18.5-49.4 percentage points) greater (from $330 to $175) than the states that did not expand Medicaid (from $613 to $550). In the expansion states, the gap in the mean flow of medical debt between the lowest and highest zip code income deciles decreased by $145 (95% CI, $95-$194) while the gap increased by $218 (95% CI, $163-$273) in the nonexpansion states. This study provides an estimate of the amount of medical debt in collections in the US based on consumer credit reports from January 2009 to June 2020, reflecting care delivered prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, and suggests that the amount of medical debt was highest among individuals living in the South and in lower-income communities. However, further study is needed regarding debt related to COVID-19. ImportanceMedical debt is an increasing concern in the US, yet there is limited understanding of the amount and distribution of medical debt, and its association with health care policies. ObjectiveTo measure the amount of medical debt nationally and by geographic region and income group and its association with Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act. Design, Setting, and ParticipantsData on medical debt in collections were obtained from a nationally representative 10% panel of consumer credit reports between January 2009 and June 2020 (reflecting care provided prior to the COVID-19 pandemic). Income data were obtained from the 2014-2018 American Community Survey. The sample consisted of 4.1 billion person-month observations (nearly 40 million unique individuals). These data were used to estimate the amount of medical debt (nationally and by geographic region and zip code income decile) and to examine the association between Medicaid expansion and medical debt (overall and by income group). ExposuresGeographic region (US Census region), income group (zip code income decile), and state Medicaid expansion status. Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe stock (all unpaid debt listed on credit reports) and flow (new debt listed on credit reports during the preceding 12 months) of medical debt in collections that can be collected on by debt collectors. ResultsIn June 2020, an estimated 17.8% of individuals had medical debt (13.0% accrued debt during the prior year), and the mean amount was $429 ($311 accrued during the prior year). The mean stock of medical debt was highest in the South and lowest in the Northeast ($616 vs $167; difference, $448 [95% CI, $435-$462]) and higher in poor than in rich zip code income deciles ($677 vs $126; difference, $551 [95% CI, $520-$581]). Between 2013 and 2020, the states that expanded Medicaid in 2014 experienced a decline in the mean flow of medical debt that was 34.0 percentage points (95% CI, 18.5-49.4 percentage points) greater (from $330 to $175) than the states that did not expand Medicaid (from $613 to $550). In the expansion states, the gap in the mean flow of medical debt between the lowest and highest zip code income deciles decreased by $145 (95% CI, $95-$194) while the gap increased by $218 (95% CI, $163-$273) in the nonexpansion states. Conclusions and RelevanceThis study provides an estimate of the amount of medical debt in collections in the US based on consumer credit reports from January 2009 to June 2020, reflecting care delivered prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, and suggests that the amount of medical debt was highest among individuals living in the South and in lower-income communities. However, further study is needed regarding debt related to COVID-19. |
Author | Wong, Francis Yin, Wesley Kluender, Raymond Mahoney, Neale |
AuthorAffiliation | 2 Stanford University, Stanford, California 3 National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 4 University of California, Los Angeles 1 Harvard Business School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 3 National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts – name: 4 University of California, Los Angeles – name: 1 Harvard Business School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts – name: 2 Stanford University, Stanford, California |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Raymond surname: Kluender fullname: Kluender, Raymond – sequence: 2 givenname: Neale surname: Mahoney fullname: Mahoney, Neale – sequence: 3 givenname: Francis surname: Wong fullname: Wong, Francis – sequence: 4 givenname: Wesley surname: Yin fullname: Yin, Wesley |
BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34283184$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
BookMark | eNpdkDlPxDAQhS0EYg9oKShQEA0FCb6PBgktp7SIAra2HMdhs8omS5wg8e9xtIcANyNrvvdm5o3AflVXDoATBBMEIbpemKVJMMQokVzRPTBEjMiYMCX3wRBCJWNBJR2AkfcLGB4i4hAMCMWSIEmH4PzFZYU1ZXTn0jYqqqidu2j2dhXhII6DMTwCB7kpvTve1DGYPdy_T57i6evj8-R2GhtKRBtjo0QGHVYpN9JQZQQ1wkKaWSspp5zz8OHQwixPFREMpoHIOc8UYnnYk4zBzdp31aVLl1lXtY0p9aoplqb51rUp9N9OVcz1R_2lJVYEYhoMLjcGTf3ZOd_qZeGtK0tTubrzGjNGGGZc9rMu_qGLumuqcF5PCUY5oShQyZqyTe194_LdMgjqPn3dp6_79HWffhCc_T5hh2_jDsDpGuh12y4WEiMpyA8964YC |
CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1056_NEJMms2308571 crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_4600704 crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_4833965 crossref_primary_10_1001_jamainternmed_2022_3687 crossref_primary_10_1093_haschl_qxae062 crossref_primary_10_1093_jnci_djac064 crossref_primary_10_1002_jcop_22978 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jss_2022_08_011 crossref_primary_10_1093_rfs_hhac025 crossref_primary_10_1111_1468_0009_12660 crossref_primary_10_1001_jamanetworkopen_2023_54766 crossref_primary_10_1097_CORR_0000000000002514 crossref_primary_10_1001_jama_2021_16061 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bjps_2023_04_031 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_amjsurg_2023_07_008 crossref_primary_10_1227_neu_0000000000002858 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jacr_2022_09_036 crossref_primary_10_1111_jrh_12855 crossref_primary_10_1097_MLR_0000000000001888 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11606_022_08003_4 crossref_primary_10_1097_SLA_0000000000006311 crossref_primary_10_1377_hlthaff_2023_00604 crossref_primary_10_1001_jamainternmed_2023_7975 crossref_primary_10_1001_jamapediatrics_2023_0130 crossref_primary_10_7326_M24_0091 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ssmph_2022_101059 crossref_primary_10_1080_26408066_2022_2029787 crossref_primary_10_1097_MLR_0000000000001914 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpubh_2022_1086393 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_econlet_2021_110226 crossref_primary_10_1093_jnci_djac044 crossref_primary_10_1111_hex_13810 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_surg_2022_09_013 crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_4572656 crossref_primary_10_1111_hsc_13573 crossref_primary_10_1097_AOG_0000000000005381 crossref_primary_10_1097_MLR_0000000000001929 crossref_primary_10_1001_jama_2021_18863 crossref_primary_10_1001_jamanetworkopen_2022_31898 crossref_primary_10_1001_jamahealthforum_2022_0063 crossref_primary_10_1001_jamahealthforum_2022_1031 crossref_primary_10_1111_jrh_12788 crossref_primary_10_1056_NEJMp2306942 crossref_primary_10_1097_SLA_0000000000005728 crossref_primary_10_1056_NEJMms2308188 crossref_primary_10_1002_jhm_13105 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ypmed_2022_107248 crossref_primary_10_1177_01605976221109785 crossref_primary_10_1377_hlthaff_2021_01130 crossref_primary_10_1073_pnas_2200536119 crossref_primary_10_1111_acem_14738 crossref_primary_10_1067_j_cpradiol_2023_08_007 crossref_primary_10_1001_jamanetworkopen_2024_1403 crossref_primary_10_1001_jama_2021_16073 crossref_primary_10_1016_S2468_2667_21_00252_8 crossref_primary_10_1001_jamainternmed_2023_8566 |
Cites_doi | 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2018.04.009 10.1177/0022146513483772 10.1001/jama.2017.15927 10.1017/S0033291707002516 10.1093/eurpub/cks021 10.1093/qje/qjs020 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2020.104203 10.1377/hlthaff.2013.1087 10.1093/rfs/hhx115 |
ContentType | Journal Article |
Copyright | Copyright American Medical Association Jul 20, 2021 Copyright 2021 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved. |
Copyright_xml | – notice: Copyright American Medical Association Jul 20, 2021 – notice: Copyright 2021 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved. |
DBID | CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM AAYXX CITATION 7QL 7QP 7TK 7TS 7U7 7U9 8FD C1K FR3 H94 K9. M7N NAPCQ P64 RC3 7X8 5PM |
DOI | 10.1001/jama.2021.8694 |
DatabaseName | Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed CrossRef Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B) Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts Neurosciences Abstracts Physical Education Index Toxicology Abstracts Virology and AIDS Abstracts Technology Research Database Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management Engineering Research Database AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C) Nursing & Allied Health Premium Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts Genetics Abstracts MEDLINE - Academic PubMed Central (Full Participant titles) |
DatabaseTitle | MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) CrossRef Virology and AIDS Abstracts Technology Research Database Toxicology Abstracts ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) Neurosciences Abstracts Physical Education Index Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management Nursing & Allied Health Premium Genetics Abstracts Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B) Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C) AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts Engineering Research Database Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts MEDLINE - Academic |
DatabaseTitleList | MEDLINE MEDLINE - Academic Virology and AIDS Abstracts |
Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 2 dbid: EIF name: MEDLINE url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/medline/basic-search sourceTypes: Index Database |
DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
Discipline | Medicine |
DocumentTitleAlternate | Medical Debt in the US, 2009-2020 |
EISSN | 1538-3598 |
EndPage | 256 |
ExternalDocumentID | 10_1001_jama_2021_8694 34283184 2782187 |
Genre | Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural |
GeographicLocations | United States United States--US |
GeographicLocations_xml | – name: United States – name: United States--US |
GrantInformation_xml | – fundername: NIA NIH HHS grantid: T32 AG000186 – fundername: National Institute on Aging – fundername: University of Chicago – fundername: TransUnion – fundername: Stanford University |
GroupedDBID | --- -ET -~X .55 .XZ 0R~ 0WA 186 18M 29J 2CT 2FS 2KS 2WC 354 39C 4.4 53G 5GY 5RE 6TJ 85S AAIKC AAMNW AAQQT AAWTL ABBLC ABCQX ABEHJ ABIVO ABOCM ABPMR ABPPZ ABRSH ABWJO ACGFS ACNCT ACPRK ACQAM ADBBV ADUKH AFCHL AFFDN AFFNX AFRAH AGFXO AGHSJ AHMBA ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AMJDE ANMPU BKOMP BRYMA C45 CJ0 CS3 EAM EBD EBS EJD EMOBN EX3 F5P GX1 HF~ KOO KQ8 L7B MVM N4W N9A NEJ NYF OBH OCB OGEVE OHH OK1 OMK OVD P2P PQQKQ RAJ RNS SJN SV3 TEORI TN5 UHB UKR UPT VVN WH7 WOW X7M XHN XSW XZL YCJ YFH YOC YPV YQT YQY YR2 YSK YYM YZZ ZA5 ZCA ~H1 CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM AAYXX CITATION H13 UIG 7QL 7QP 7TK 7TS 7U7 7U9 8FD C1K FR3 H94 K9. M7N NAPCQ P64 RC3 7X8 5PM |
ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-a437t-2a97d0e29b6a8a49a74a7c04dcc8464666c0460c0dfb93750ba74f66d915f0983 |
ISSN | 0098-7484 |
IngestDate | Tue Sep 17 21:25:00 EDT 2024 Thu Jul 25 07:34:44 EDT 2024 Fri Aug 30 23:31:32 EDT 2024 Fri Aug 23 03:09:42 EDT 2024 Thu May 23 23:45:16 EDT 2024 Fri Jul 05 01:57:42 EDT 2024 |
IsDoiOpenAccess | false |
IsOpenAccess | true |
IsPeerReviewed | true |
IsScholarly | true |
Issue | 3 |
Language | English |
LinkModel | OpenURL |
MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-a437t-2a97d0e29b6a8a49a74a7c04dcc8464666c0460c0dfb93750ba74f66d915f0983 |
Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
OpenAccessLink | https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2782187/jama_kluender_2021_oi_210060_1626283681.6926.pdf |
PMID | 34283184 |
PQID | 2557546341 |
PQPubID | 42339 |
PageCount | 7 |
ParticipantIDs | pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_8293024 proquest_miscellaneous_2553525688 proquest_journals_2557546341 crossref_primary_10_1001_jama_2021_8694 pubmed_primary_34283184 ama_primary_2782187 |
PublicationCentury | 2000 |
PublicationDate | 2021-07-20 20210720 |
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2021-07-20 |
PublicationDate_xml | – month: 07 year: 2021 text: 2021-07-20 day: 20 |
PublicationDecade | 2020 |
PublicationPlace | United States |
PublicationPlace_xml | – name: United States – name: Chicago |
PublicationSubtitle | The Journal of the American Medical Association |
PublicationTitle | JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association |
PublicationTitleAlternate | JAMA |
PublicationYear | 2021 |
Publisher | American Medical Association |
Publisher_xml | – name: American Medical Association |
References | 34751715 - JAMA. 2021 Nov 9;326(18):1873 34283197 - JAMA. 2021 Jul 20;326(3):228-229 joi210060r12 joi210060r11 Sommers (joi210060r13) 2014; 33 Gerardi (joi210060r14) 2018; 31 joi210060r17 Dieleman (joi210060r2) 2017; 318 joi210060r5 joi210060r3 joi210060r4 Finkelstein (joi210060r16) 2012; 127 joi210060r1 Meltzer (joi210060r8) 2013; 23 Jenkins (joi210060r7) 2008; 38 Kalousova (joi210060r6) 2013; 54 Oster (joi210060r15) 2019; 37 Brevoort (joi210060r9) 2020; 187 Hu (joi210060r10) 2018; 163 |
References_xml | – volume: 163 start-page: 99 year: 2018 ident: joi210060r10 article-title: The effect of the Affordable Care Act Medicaid expansions on financial wellbeing. publication-title: J Public Econ doi: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2018.04.009 contributor: fullname: Hu – ident: joi210060r1 – ident: joi210060r12 – volume: 54 start-page: 204 issue: 2 year: 2013 ident: joi210060r6 article-title: Debt and foregone medical care. publication-title: J Health Soc Behav doi: 10.1177/0022146513483772 contributor: fullname: Kalousova – ident: joi210060r17 – volume: 318 start-page: 1668 issue: 17 year: 2017 ident: joi210060r2 article-title: Factors associated with increases in US health care spending, 1996-2013. publication-title: JAMA doi: 10.1001/jama.2017.15927 contributor: fullname: Dieleman – volume: 38 start-page: 1485 issue: 10 year: 2008 ident: joi210060r7 article-title: Debt, income and mental disorder in the general population. publication-title: Psychol Med doi: 10.1017/S0033291707002516 contributor: fullname: Jenkins – volume: 23 start-page: 108 issue: 1 year: 2013 ident: joi210060r8 article-title: The relationship between personal debt and specific common mental disorders. publication-title: Eur J Public Health doi: 10.1093/eurpub/cks021 contributor: fullname: Meltzer – ident: joi210060r5 – ident: joi210060r11 – ident: joi210060r3 – volume: 127 start-page: 1057 issue: 3 year: 2012 ident: joi210060r16 article-title: The Oregon health insurance experiment. publication-title: Q J Econ doi: 10.1093/qje/qjs020 contributor: fullname: Finkelstein – ident: joi210060r4 – volume: 187 year: 2020 ident: joi210060r9 article-title: The credit consequences of unpaid medical bills. publication-title: J Public Econ doi: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2020.104203 contributor: fullname: Brevoort – volume: 37 start-page: 187 issue: 2 year: 2019 ident: joi210060r15 article-title: Unobservable selection and coefficient stability. publication-title: JBES contributor: fullname: Oster – volume: 33 start-page: 78 issue: 1 year: 2014 ident: joi210060r13 article-title: New evidence on the Affordable Care Act. publication-title: Health Aff (Millwood) doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2013.1087 contributor: fullname: Sommers – volume: 31 start-page: 1098 issue: 3 year: 2018 ident: joi210060r14 article-title: Can’t pay or won’t pay? publication-title: Rev Financ Stud doi: 10.1093/rfs/hhx115 contributor: fullname: Gerardi |
SSID | ssj0000137 |
Score | 2.5965998 |
Snippet | IMPORTANCE: Medical debt is an increasing concern in the US, yet there is limited understanding of the amount and distribution of medical debt, and its... Medical debt is an increasing concern in the US, yet there is limited understanding of the amount and distribution of medical debt, and its association with... Importance Medical debt is an increasing concern in the US, yet there is limited understanding of the amount and distribution of medical debt, and its... ImportanceMedical debt is an increasing concern in the US, yet there is limited understanding of the amount and distribution of medical debt, and its... This retrospective cohort analysis of credit reports for a nationally representative 10% panel of individuals estimates the amount of medical debt nationally... |
SourceID | pubmedcentral proquest crossref pubmed ama |
SourceType | Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Index Database Publisher |
StartPage | 250 |
SubjectTerms | Coronaviruses COVID-19 Credit reports Expansion Financing, Personal - economics Government programs Health Expenditures - statistics & numerical data Health policy Healthcare Disparities - economics Humans Income Indigent care Insurance, Health - economics Medicaid Medicaid - economics Medical debt Medically Uninsured Original Investigation Pandemics Social Determinants of Health United States |
Title | Medical Debt in the US, 2009-2020 |
URI | http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2021.8694 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34283184 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2557546341/abstract/ https://search.proquest.com/docview/2553525688 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC8293024 |
Volume | 326 |
hasFullText | 1 |
inHoldings | 1 |
isFullTextHit | |
isPrint | |
link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV3dT9wwDI82Jk17QYN9dYOpSEh72IqaNk3SR4RAiI9D067avVVp0gpeygTlAf762W3S9AAhNulUnZool9o-147tnwnZZrlUvElVRFOVR0w2WaS04ZHBGFXcaCol1g6fzvhhwY4W2cLnqvbVJV21o-8erSv5H67CPeArVsn-A2fHReEGfAf-whU4DNdn8dhFWUBpdC5hsehz8fpoRBIn8ZLxCQr2u0vkmEBGTKpLfOTmPt9QKWM7E2ObJatbeEzjD7TPL23e2AxNz1HX24xf279j1DEDcsHv-trFle3BQ0LxRNNu2-f6P7Evq3E9Xim8b7ySReTAqRZOh8J5K27pVKcOyLQPdP2kxwBub0fynPm3movkz87Kg-LkpJzvL-YvyatE5Bn66Mc_5QRlbBla1WF7enAqu_oUjddZMA_ckvvZtRNzZf6WrFo_I9wdhGaNvKjbdfL61GZSvCNblp4hyk540YYgBGHx60c4Ss57Uhzsz_cOI9suI1IsFV2UqFyYuE7yiiupWK4EU0LHzGgNRiYDP1VjFFzHpqnAKM3iCmY0nJucZg08e_qBrLQgK59IKOuq4lJyDh_GaiZNRgU11IC1HyuqA7IOhCj_DIAoZQJmJpUiIN8cYcahARUbfEycj4QskZAB2XB0K624X5fg3ApszsBoQLbGYdB2GMJSbX15089B_F7YW0A-DmQefypF7EAqYXGxxIBxAiKpL4-0F-c9oroEoxeM1c9Pb-sLeeP_Bxtkpbu6qTfBJO2qr71A_QUXu4QS |
link.rule.ids | 230,315,786,790,891,27957,27958 |
linkProvider | Colorado Alliance of Research Libraries |
openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Medical+Debt+in+the+US%2C+2009-2020&rft.jtitle=JAMA+%3A+the+journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.au=Kluender%2C+Raymond&rft.au=Mahoney%2C+Neale&rft.au=Wong%2C+Francis&rft.au=Yin%2C+Wesley&rft.date=2021-07-20&rft.pub=American+Medical+Association&rft.issn=0098-7484&rft.eissn=1538-3598&rft.volume=326&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=250&rft_id=info:doi/10.1001%2Fjama.2021.8694&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT |
thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0098-7484&client=summon |
thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0098-7484&client=summon |
thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0098-7484&client=summon |