Virus Transfer at the Skin–Liquid Interface

• Published in: Environmental science & technology Vol. 51; no. 24; pp. 14417 - 14425
• Main Authors: Pitol, A. K, Bischel, Heather N, Kohn, Tamar, Julian, Timothy R
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States American Chemical Society 19.12.2017
• Subjects: bacteriophages; Disease transmission; environmental science; Human performance; humans; Ionic strength; liquids; Moisture content; pH effects; Phages; Risk assessment; Saliva; Skin; Viruses; Water

Understanding virus transfer between liquid and skin is necessary to estimate transmission during water-related activities. Here, we modeled virus transfer from liquid-to-skin and skin-to-liquid. We performed human subject studies using three bacteriophages as pathogenic virus surrogates: nonenvelop...