Granular Activated Carbon Treatment May Result in Higher Predicted Genotoxicity in the Presence of Bromide

Certain unregulated disinfection byproducts (DBPs) are more of a health concern than regulated DBPs. Brominated species are typically more cytotoxic and genotoxic than their chlorinated analogs. The impact of granular activated carbon (GAC) on controlling the formation of regulated and selected unre...

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Published inEnvironmental science & technology Vol. 50; no. 17; pp. 9583 - 9591
Main Authors Krasner, Stuart W, Lee, Tiffany Chih Fen, Westerhoff, Paul, Fischer, Natalia, Hanigan, David, Karanfil, Tanju, Beita-Sandí, Wilson, Taylor-Edmonds, Liz, Andrews, Robert C
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States American Chemical Society 06.09.2016
Subjects
Activated carbon
Animals
Bromides
Chemical compounds
CHO Cells
Cricetulus
Disinfectants
Disinfection
DNA damage
Nitrogen
Toxicity
Water Pollutants, Chemical
Water Purification
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Abstract Certain unregulated disinfection byproducts (DBPs) are more of a health concern than regulated DBPs. Brominated species are typically more cytotoxic and genotoxic than their chlorinated analogs. The impact of granular activated carbon (GAC) on controlling the formation of regulated and selected unregulated DBPs following chlorine disinfection was evaluated. The predicted cyto- and genotoxicity of DBPs was calculated using published potencies based on the comet assay for Chinese hamster ovary cells (assesses the level of DNA strand breaks). Additionally, genotoxicity was measured using the SOS-Chromotest (detects DNA-damaging agents). The class sum concentrations of trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids, and unregulated DBPs, and the SOS genotoxicity followed the breakthrough of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), however the formation of brominated species did not. The bromide/DOC ratio was higher than the influent through much of the breakthrough curve (GAC does not remove bromide), which resulted in elevated brominated DBP concentrations in the effluent. Based on the potency of the haloacetonitriles and halonitromethanes, these nitrogen-containing DBPs were the driving agents of the predicted genotoxicity. GAC treatment of drinking or reclaimed waters with appreciable levels of bromide and dissolved organic nitrogen may not control the formation of unregulated DBPs with higher genotoxicity potencies.
AbstractList Certain unregulated disinfection byproducts (DBPs) are more of a health concern than regulated DBPs. Brominated species are typically more cytotoxic and genotoxic than their chlorinated analogs. The impact of granular activated carbon (GAC) on controlling the formation of regulated and selected unregulated DBPs following chlorine disinfection was evaluated. The predicted cyto- and genotoxicity of DBPs was calculated using published potencies based on the comet assay for Chinese hamster ovary cells (assesses the level of DNA strand breaks). Additionally, genotoxicity was measured using the SOS-Chromotest (detects DNA-damaging agents). The class sum concentrations of trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids, and unregulated DBPs, and the SOS genotoxicity followed the breakthrough of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), however the formation of brominated species did not. The bromide/DOC ratio was higher than the influent through much of the breakthrough curve (GAC does not remove bromide), which resulted in elevated brominated DBP concentrations in the effluent. Based on the potency of the haloacetonitriles and halonitromethanes, these nitrogen-containing DBPs were the driving agents of the predicted genotoxicity. GAC treatment of drinking or reclaimed waters with appreciable levels of bromide and dissolved organic nitrogen may not control the formation of unregulated DBPs with higher genotoxicity potencies.
Author Krasner, Stuart W
Lee, Tiffany Chih Fen
Fischer, Natalia
Taylor-Edmonds, Liz
Karanfil, Tanju
Andrews, Robert C
Beita-Sandí, Wilson
Westerhoff, Paul
Hanigan, David
AuthorAffiliation University of Nevada
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Research Center of Environmental Pollution (CICA)
Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences
Clemson University
Arizona State University
University of Costa Rica
Department of Civil Engineering
University of Toronto
School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
– name: University of Costa Rica
– name: Arizona State University
– name: University of Toronto
– name: Department of Civil Engineering
– name: Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences
– name: Research Center of Environmental Pollution (CICA)
– name: University of Nevada
– name: School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
– name: Clemson University
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  surname: Krasner
  fullname: Krasner, Stuart W
  email: skrasner@mwdh2o.com
– sequence: 2
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  surname: Lee
  fullname: Lee, Tiffany Chih Fen
– sequence: 3
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27467860$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet Certain unregulated disinfection byproducts (DBPs) are more of a health concern than regulated DBPs. Brominated species are typically more cytotoxic and...
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pubmed
acs
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StartPage 9583
SubjectTerms Activated carbon
Animals
Bromides
Chemical compounds
CHO Cells
Cricetulus
Disinfectants
Disinfection
DNA damage
Nitrogen
Toxicity
Water Pollutants, Chemical
Water Purification
Title Granular Activated Carbon Treatment May Result in Higher Predicted Genotoxicity in the Presence of Bromide
URI http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b02508
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27467860
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1820589170
https://search.proquest.com/docview/1817560684
https://search.proquest.com/docview/1827921563
Volume 50
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