Occurrence and Profile Characteristics of the Pesticide Imidacloprid, Preservative Parabens, and Their Metabolites in Human Urine from Rural and Urban China

Knowledge of human exposure to imidacloprid, the most extensively used insecticide, and para-hydroxybenzoic acid esters (parabens), the most extensively used preservative, is insufficient. In this study, 295 urine samples collected from subjects in rural and urban areas in China were analyzed for im...

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Published inEnvironmental science & technology Vol. 49; no. 24; pp. 14633 - 14640
Main Authors Wang, Lei, Liu, Tianzhen, Liu, Fang, Zhang, Junjie, Wu, Yinghong, Sun, Hongwen
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States American Chemical Society 15.12.2015
Subjects
4-hydroxybenzoic acid
Adult
adults
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Child
Child, Preschool
China
Environmental Exposure - analysis
Environmental science
esters
Female
geometry
Human exposure
Humans
imidacloprid
Imidazoles - metabolism
Imidazoles - urine
Male
metabolism
Metabolites
Middle Aged
Neonicotinoids
Nicotinic Acids - metabolism
Nicotinic Acids - urine
Nitro Compounds - metabolism
Nitro Compounds - urine
Parabens - analysis
Parabens - metabolism
Pesticides
Pesticides - metabolism
Pesticides - urine
Preservatives, Pharmaceutical - analysis
Rural Population
spraying
urban areas
Urban Population
Urine
China
China, People's Rep
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0013-936X
1520-5851
1520-5851
DOI10.1021/acs.est.5b04037

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Abstract Knowledge of human exposure to imidacloprid, the most extensively used insecticide, and para-hydroxybenzoic acid esters (parabens), the most extensively used preservative, is insufficient. In this study, 295 urine samples collected from subjects in rural and urban areas in China were analyzed for imidacloprid and four parabens (namely, methyl paraben, ethyl paraben, propyl paraben, and butyl paraben) as well as their major metabolites (namely, 6-chloronicotinic acid (6-ClNA) and para-hydroxybenzoic acid (p-HB)). Imidacloprid was detected in 100% of the urine samples from rural Chinese subjects and 95% of the urine samples from urban Chinese subjects. Concentrations of urinary imidacloprid detected in rural Chinese subjects (geometric mean (GM) = 0.18 ng/mL) were slightly higher than those detected in urban Chinese subjects (GM = 0.15 ng/mL) when the effect of pesticide spraying was excluded. However, concentrations of urinary imidacloprid detected in rural adults increased significantly in the subsequent days of pesticide spraying (GM = 0.62 ng/mL), which could return to the normal levels within 3 days. In contrast, concentrations of urinary parabens detected in rural Chinese subjects (GM = 6.90 ng/mL) were lower than that in urban Chinese subjects (GM = 30.5 ng/mL). In addition, the metabolism characteristics of imidacloprid to 6-ClNA and parabens to p-HB were discussed preliminarily.
AbstractList Knowledge of human exposure to imidacloprid, the most extensively used insecticide, and para-hydroxybenzoic acid esters (parabens), the most extensively used preservative, is insufficient. In this study, 295 urine samples collected from subjects in rural and urban areas in China were analyzed for imidacloprid and four parabens (namely, methyl paraben, ethyl paraben, propyl paraben, and butyl paraben) as well as their major metabolites (namely, 6-chloronicotinic acid (6-ClNA) and para-hydroxybenzoic acid (p-HB)). Imidacloprid was detected in 100% of the urine samples from rural Chinese subjects and 95% of the urine samples from urban Chinese subjects. Concentrations of urinary imidacloprid detected in rural Chinese subjects (geometric mean (GM) = 0.18 ng/mL) were slightly higher than those detected in urban Chinese subjects (GM = 0.15 ng/mL) when the effect of pesticide spraying was excluded. However, concentrations of urinary imidacloprid detected in rural adults increased significantly in the subsequent days of pesticide spraying (GM = 0.62 ng/mL), which could return to the normal levels within 3 days. In contrast, concentrations of urinary parabens detected in rural Chinese subjects (GM = 6.90 ng/mL) were lower than that in urban Chinese subjects (GM = 30.5 ng/mL). In addition, the metabolism characteristics of imidacloprid to 6-ClNA and parabens to p-HB were discussed preliminarily.
Knowledge of human exposure to imidacloprid, the most extensively used insecticide, and para-hydroxybenzoic acid esters (parabens), the most extensively used preservative, is insufficient. In this study, 295 urine samples collected from subjects in rural and urban areas in China were analyzed for imidacloprid and four parabens (namely, methyl paraben, ethyl paraben, propyl paraben, and butyl paraben) as well as their major metabolites (namely, 6-chloronicotinic acid (6-ClNA) and para-hydroxybenzoic acid (p-HB)). Imidacloprid was detected in 100% of the urine samples from rural Chinese subjects and 95% of the urine samples from urban Chinese subjects. Concentrations of urinary imidacloprid detected in rural Chinese subjects (geometric mean (GM) = 0.18 ng/mL) were slightly higher than those detected in urban Chinese subjects (GM = 0.15 ng/mL) when the effect of pesticide spraying was excluded. However, concentrations of urinary imidacloprid detected in rural adults increased significantly in the subsequent days of pesticide spraying (GM = 0.62 ng/mL), which could return to the normal levels within 3 days. In contrast, concentrations of urinary parabens detected in rural Chinese subjects (GM = 6.90 ng/mL) were lower than that in urban Chinese subjects (GM = 30.5 ng/mL). In addition, the metabolism characteristics of imidacloprid to 6-ClNA and parabens to p-HB were discussed preliminarily.Knowledge of human exposure to imidacloprid, the most extensively used insecticide, and para-hydroxybenzoic acid esters (parabens), the most extensively used preservative, is insufficient. In this study, 295 urine samples collected from subjects in rural and urban areas in China were analyzed for imidacloprid and four parabens (namely, methyl paraben, ethyl paraben, propyl paraben, and butyl paraben) as well as their major metabolites (namely, 6-chloronicotinic acid (6-ClNA) and para-hydroxybenzoic acid (p-HB)). Imidacloprid was detected in 100% of the urine samples from rural Chinese subjects and 95% of the urine samples from urban Chinese subjects. Concentrations of urinary imidacloprid detected in rural Chinese subjects (geometric mean (GM) = 0.18 ng/mL) were slightly higher than those detected in urban Chinese subjects (GM = 0.15 ng/mL) when the effect of pesticide spraying was excluded. However, concentrations of urinary imidacloprid detected in rural adults increased significantly in the subsequent days of pesticide spraying (GM = 0.62 ng/mL), which could return to the normal levels within 3 days. In contrast, concentrations of urinary parabens detected in rural Chinese subjects (GM = 6.90 ng/mL) were lower than that in urban Chinese subjects (GM = 30.5 ng/mL). In addition, the metabolism characteristics of imidacloprid to 6-ClNA and parabens to p-HB were discussed preliminarily.
Author Liu, Tianzhen
Wu, Yinghong
Wang, Lei
Zhang, Junjie
Liu, Fang
Sun, Hongwen
AuthorAffiliation Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control
Nankai University
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
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  fullname: Liu, Tianzhen
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  surname: Sun
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Snippet Knowledge of human exposure to imidacloprid, the most extensively used insecticide, and para-hydroxybenzoic acid esters (parabens), the most extensively used...
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SubjectTerms 4-hydroxybenzoic acid
Adult
adults
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Child
Child, Preschool
China
Environmental Exposure - analysis
Environmental science
esters
Female
geometry
Human exposure
Humans
imidacloprid
Imidazoles - metabolism
Imidazoles - urine
Male
metabolism
Metabolites
Middle Aged
Neonicotinoids
Nicotinic Acids - metabolism
Nicotinic Acids - urine
Nitro Compounds - metabolism
Nitro Compounds - urine
Parabens - analysis
Parabens - metabolism
Pesticides
Pesticides - metabolism
Pesticides - urine
Preservatives, Pharmaceutical - analysis
Rural Population
spraying
urban areas
Urban Population
Urine
Title Occurrence and Profile Characteristics of the Pesticide Imidacloprid, Preservative Parabens, and Their Metabolites in Human Urine from Rural and Urban China
URI http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b04037
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26571198
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https://www.proquest.com/docview/1749612200
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Volume 49
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