Wetland soil microplastics are negatively related to vegetation cover and stem density

Microplastics are a complex group of ubiquitous environmental contaminants of emerging concern. These particles degrade slowly, release plasticizers, and can be transferred between trophic levels. In aquatic systems, they have been identified suspended in the water column, along shorelines, and with...

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Published inEnvironmental pollution (1987) Vol. 256; p. 113391
Main Authors Helcoski, Ryan, Yonkos, Lance T., Sanchez, Alterra, Baldwin, Andrew H.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England Elsevier Ltd 01.01.2020
Subjects
aquatic environment
Ecosystem
ecosystems
Environmental Monitoring - methods
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
habitats
hydrodynamics
hydrogen peroxide
Microfiber
Microplastic
microplastics
Microplastics - analysis
organic matter
oxidation
plasticizers
pollution
polyethylene
Polyethylene - analysis
Polymers - analysis
polystyrenes
sediments
shorelines
Soil - chemistry
Spatial variation
synthetic rubber
Terpenes - analysis
trophic levels
vegetated waterways
Vegetation
vegetation cover
Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis
wetland plants
Wetland soil
wetland soils
Wetlands
Wetland soil
Microfiber
Microplastic
Spatial variation
Vegetation
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Abstract Microplastics are a complex group of ubiquitous environmental contaminants of emerging concern. These particles degrade slowly, release plasticizers, and can be transferred between trophic levels. In aquatic systems, they have been identified suspended in the water column, along shorelines, and within sediment. However, the abundance and distribution of microplastics in vegetated wetlands, which are transitional ecosystems between terrestrial and aquatic environments, are poorly understood. Here we describe the spatial distribution of soil microplastics in habitats of varying vegetation density in an urban tidal wetland. Samples were wet-sieved, organic matter was oxidized using hydrogen peroxide, and microplastics separated under a dissecting microscope, counted, and weighed. A fraction (n = 175) were analyzed via FTIR for validation. Positive microplastics identification was 81%–93%. Dominant polymers were polystyrene (29%) and polyethylene and synthetic rubber (both 8%). Average microplastic number to a 5-cm depth (23,200 ± 2,500 m−2 or 1,270 ± 150 kg−1) varied between habitat types, where mudflat, channel edge, and drift line habitats all had significantly more total microplastics than the interior of dense stands of vegetation, suggesting that emergent wetland plants are a highly effective filter of microplastics. Microfibers were about eight times as abundant as microfragments, and fibers and fragments differed in their distribution patterns, with microfibers most abundant in vegetation-free mudflats and microfragments in vegetated channel edges. Our results demonstrate that vegetated wetlands are important locations for microplastic accumulation and that wetland vegetation and hydrodynamics affect spatial distribution of microplastics between habitats. [Display omitted] •Soil microplastics varied spatially in an urban wetland and averaged 23,200 m−2 (1,270 kg−1).•Microfiber concentration was negatively related to stem density and percent cover.•Microfibers were most abundant in mudflats and microfragments in channel edges.•Microfibers comprised 77–94% of total microplastics in an urban wetland. This study reveals that microplastics found throughout urban wetland soils are mostly microfibers and present at lower numbers in areas of dense vegetation compared to areas with few or no plants.
AbstractList Microplastics are a complex group of ubiquitous environmental contaminants of emerging concern. These particles degrade slowly, release plasticizers, and can be transferred between trophic levels. In aquatic systems, they have been identified suspended in the water column, along shorelines, and within sediment. However, the abundance and distribution of microplastics in vegetated wetlands, which are transitional ecosystems between terrestrial and aquatic environments, are poorly understood. Here we describe the spatial distribution of soil microplastics in habitats of varying vegetation density in an urban tidal wetland. Samples were wet-sieved, organic matter was oxidized using hydrogen peroxide, and microplastics separated under a dissecting microscope, counted, and weighed. A fraction (n = 175) were analyzed via FTIR for validation. Positive microplastics identification was 81%–93%. Dominant polymers were polystyrene (29%) and polyethylene and synthetic rubber (both 8%). Average microplastic number to a 5-cm depth (23,200 ± 2,500 m−2 or 1,270 ± 150 kg−1) varied between habitat types, where mudflat, channel edge, and drift line habitats all had significantly more total microplastics than the interior of dense stands of vegetation, suggesting that emergent wetland plants are a highly effective filter of microplastics. Microfibers were about eight times as abundant as microfragments, and fibers and fragments differed in their distribution patterns, with microfibers most abundant in vegetation-free mudflats and microfragments in vegetated channel edges. Our results demonstrate that vegetated wetlands are important locations for microplastic accumulation and that wetland vegetation and hydrodynamics affect spatial distribution of microplastics between habitats. [Display omitted] •Soil microplastics varied spatially in an urban wetland and averaged 23,200 m−2 (1,270 kg−1).•Microfiber concentration was negatively related to stem density and percent cover.•Microfibers were most abundant in mudflats and microfragments in channel edges.•Microfibers comprised 77–94% of total microplastics in an urban wetland. This study reveals that microplastics found throughout urban wetland soils are mostly microfibers and present at lower numbers in areas of dense vegetation compared to areas with few or no plants.
Microplastics are a complex group of ubiquitous environmental contaminants of emerging concern. These particles degrade slowly, release plasticizers, and can be transferred between trophic levels. In aquatic systems, they have been identified suspended in the water column, along shorelines, and within sediment. However, the abundance and distribution of microplastics in vegetated wetlands, which are transitional ecosystems between terrestrial and aquatic environments, are poorly understood. Here we describe the spatial distribution of soil microplastics in habitats of varying vegetation density in an urban tidal wetland. Samples were wet-sieved, organic matter was oxidized using hydrogen peroxide, and microplastics separated under a dissecting microscope, counted, and weighed. A fraction (n = 175) were analyzed via FTIR for validation. Positive microplastics identification was 81%-93%. Dominant polymers were polystyrene (29%) and polyethylene and synthetic rubber (both 8%). Average microplastic number to a 5-cm depth (23,200 ± 2,500 m-2 or 1,270 ± 150 kg-1) varied between habitat types, where mudflat, channel edge, and drift line habitats all had significantly more total microplastics than the interior of dense stands of vegetation, suggesting that emergent wetland plants are a highly effective filter of microplastics. Microfibers were about eight times as abundant as microfragments, and fibers and fragments differed in their distribution patterns, with microfibers most abundant in vegetation-free mudflats and microfragments in vegetated channel edges. Our results demonstrate that vegetated wetlands are important locations for microplastic accumulation and that wetland vegetation and hydrodynamics affect spatial distribution of microplastics between habitats.Microplastics are a complex group of ubiquitous environmental contaminants of emerging concern. These particles degrade slowly, release plasticizers, and can be transferred between trophic levels. In aquatic systems, they have been identified suspended in the water column, along shorelines, and within sediment. However, the abundance and distribution of microplastics in vegetated wetlands, which are transitional ecosystems between terrestrial and aquatic environments, are poorly understood. Here we describe the spatial distribution of soil microplastics in habitats of varying vegetation density in an urban tidal wetland. Samples were wet-sieved, organic matter was oxidized using hydrogen peroxide, and microplastics separated under a dissecting microscope, counted, and weighed. A fraction (n = 175) were analyzed via FTIR for validation. Positive microplastics identification was 81%-93%. Dominant polymers were polystyrene (29%) and polyethylene and synthetic rubber (both 8%). Average microplastic number to a 5-cm depth (23,200 ± 2,500 m-2 or 1,270 ± 150 kg-1) varied between habitat types, where mudflat, channel edge, and drift line habitats all had significantly more total microplastics than the interior of dense stands of vegetation, suggesting that emergent wetland plants are a highly effective filter of microplastics. Microfibers were about eight times as abundant as microfragments, and fibers and fragments differed in their distribution patterns, with microfibers most abundant in vegetation-free mudflats and microfragments in vegetated channel edges. Our results demonstrate that vegetated wetlands are important locations for microplastic accumulation and that wetland vegetation and hydrodynamics affect spatial distribution of microplastics between habitats.
Microplastics are a complex group of ubiquitous environmental contaminants of emerging concern. These particles degrade slowly, release plasticizers, and can be transferred between trophic levels. In aquatic systems, they have been identified suspended in the water column, along shorelines, and within sediment. However, the abundance and distribution of microplastics in vegetated wetlands, which are transitional ecosystems between terrestrial and aquatic environments, are poorly understood. Here we describe the spatial distribution of soil microplastics in habitats of varying vegetation density in an urban tidal wetland. Samples were wet-sieved, organic matter was oxidized using hydrogen peroxide, and microplastics separated under a dissecting microscope, counted, and weighed. A fraction (n = 175) were analyzed via FTIR for validation. Positive microplastics identification was 81%–93%. Dominant polymers were polystyrene (29%) and polyethylene and synthetic rubber (both 8%). Average microplastic number to a 5-cm depth (23,200 ± 2,500 m−2 or 1,270 ± 150 kg−1) varied between habitat types, where mudflat, channel edge, and drift line habitats all had significantly more total microplastics than the interior of dense stands of vegetation, suggesting that emergent wetland plants are a highly effective filter of microplastics. Microfibers were about eight times as abundant as microfragments, and fibers and fragments differed in their distribution patterns, with microfibers most abundant in vegetation-free mudflats and microfragments in vegetated channel edges. Our results demonstrate that vegetated wetlands are important locations for microplastic accumulation and that wetland vegetation and hydrodynamics affect spatial distribution of microplastics between habitats.
Microplastics are a complex group of ubiquitous environmental contaminants of emerging concern. These particles degrade slowly, release plasticizers, and can be transferred between trophic levels. In aquatic systems, they have been identified suspended in the water column, along shorelines, and within sediment. However, the abundance and distribution of microplastics in vegetated wetlands, which are transitional ecosystems between terrestrial and aquatic environments, are poorly understood. Here we describe the spatial distribution of soil microplastics in habitats of varying vegetation density in an urban tidal wetland. Samples were wet-sieved, organic matter was oxidized using hydrogen peroxide, and microplastics separated under a dissecting microscope, counted, and weighed. A fraction (n = 175) were analyzed via FTIR for validation. Positive microplastics identification was 81%-93%. Dominant polymers were polystyrene (29%) and polyethylene and synthetic rubber (both 8%). Average microplastic number to a 5-cm depth (23,200 ± 2,500 m or 1,270 ± 150 kg ) varied between habitat types, where mudflat, channel edge, and drift line habitats all had significantly more total microplastics than the interior of dense stands of vegetation, suggesting that emergent wetland plants are a highly effective filter of microplastics. Microfibers were about eight times as abundant as microfragments, and fibers and fragments differed in their distribution patterns, with microfibers most abundant in vegetation-free mudflats and microfragments in vegetated channel edges. Our results demonstrate that vegetated wetlands are important locations for microplastic accumulation and that wetland vegetation and hydrodynamics affect spatial distribution of microplastics between habitats.
ArticleNumber 113391
Author Sanchez, Alterra
Helcoski, Ryan
Yonkos, Lance T.
Baldwin, Andrew H.
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Ryan
  surname: Helcoski
  fullname: Helcoski, Ryan
  email: rhelcoski@gmail.com
  organization: Conservation Biology and Sustainable Development Graduate Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Lance T.
  surname: Yonkos
  fullname: Yonkos, Lance T.
  email: lyonkos@umd.edu
  organization: Environmental Science and Technology Department, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Alterra
  surname: Sanchez
  fullname: Sanchez, Alterra
  email: asanche3@umd.edu
  organization: Marine-Estuarine and Environmental Sciences Program, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Andrew H.
  surname: Baldwin
  fullname: Baldwin, Andrew H.
  email: baldwin@umd.edu
  organization: Environmental Science and Technology Department, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31662247$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Keywords Wetland soil
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Microplastic
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Vegetation
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Snippet Microplastics are a complex group of ubiquitous environmental contaminants of emerging concern. These particles degrade slowly, release plasticizers, and can...
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SubjectTerms aquatic environment
Ecosystem
ecosystems
Environmental Monitoring - methods
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
habitats
hydrodynamics
hydrogen peroxide
Microfiber
Microplastic
microplastics
Microplastics - analysis
organic matter
oxidation
plasticizers
pollution
polyethylene
Polyethylene - analysis
Polymers - analysis
polystyrenes
sediments
shorelines
Soil - chemistry
Spatial variation
synthetic rubber
Terpenes - analysis
trophic levels
vegetated waterways
Vegetation
vegetation cover
Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis
wetland plants
Wetland soil
wetland soils
Wetlands
Title Wetland soil microplastics are negatively related to vegetation cover and stem density
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113391
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31662247
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2310668665
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2431933309
Volume 256
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