Impact of Reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variants in Previously Infected Hamsters
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants and the widespread use of COVID-19 vaccines has resulted in individual differences in immune status against SARS-CoV-2. A decay in immunity over time and the emergence of variants that partially evade the immune response can also lead to reinfection. The diversit...
Saved in:
| Published in | Journal of virology Vol. 97; no. 1; p. e0136622 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
American Society for Microbiology
31.01.2023
|
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
| Abstract | The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants and the widespread use of COVID-19 vaccines has resulted in individual differences in immune status against SARS-CoV-2. A decay in immunity over time and the emergence of variants that partially evade the immune response can also lead to reinfection.
The diversity of SARS-CoV-2 mutations raises the possibility of reinfection of individuals previously infected with earlier variants, and this risk is further increased by the emergence of the B.1.1.529 Omicron variant. In this study, we used an
in vivo
, hamster infection model to assess the potential for individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 to be reinfected with Omicron variant and we also investigated the pathology associated with such infections. Initially, Syrian hamsters were inoculated with a lineage A, B.1.1.7, B.1.351, B.1.617.2 or a subvariant of Omicron, BA.1 strain and then reinfected with the BA.1 strain 5 weeks later. Subsequently, the impact of reinfection with Omicron subvariants (BA.1 and BA.2) in individuals previously infected with the BA.1 strain was examined. Although viral infection and replication were suppressed in both the upper and lower airways, following reinfection, virus-associated RNA was detected in the airways of most hamsters. Viral replication was more strongly suppressed in the lower respiratory tract than in the upper respiratory tract. Consistent amino acid substitutions were observed in the upper respiratory tract of infected hamsters after primary infection with variant BA.1, whereas diverse mutations appeared in hamsters reinfected with the same variant. Histopathology showed no acute pneumonia or disease enhancement in any of the reinfection groups and, in addition, the expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the airways of reinfected animals was only mildly elevated. These findings are important for understanding the risk of reinfection with new variants of SARS-CoV-2.
IMPORTANCE
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants and the widespread use of COVID-19 vaccines has resulted in individual differences in immune status against SARS-CoV-2. A decay in immunity over time and the emergence of variants that partially evade the immune response can also lead to reinfection. In this study, we demonstrated that, in hamsters, immunity acquired following primary infection with previous SARS-CoV-2 variants was effective in preventing the onset of pneumonia after reinfection with the Omicron variant. However, viral infection and multiplication in the upper respiratory tract were still observed after reinfection. We also showed that more diverse nonsynonymous mutations appeared in the upper respiratory tract of reinfected hamsters that had acquired immunity from primary infection. This hamster model reveals the within-host evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and its pathology after reinfection, and provides important information for countermeasures against diversifying SARS-CoV-2 variants. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants and the widespread use of COVID-19 vaccines has resulted in individual differences in immune status against SARS-CoV-2. A decay in immunity over time and the emergence of variants that partially evade the immune response can also lead to reinfection.
The diversity of SARS-CoV-2 mutations raises the possibility of reinfection of individuals previously infected with earlier variants, and this risk is further increased by the emergence of the B.1.1.529 Omicron variant. In this study, we used an
in vivo
, hamster infection model to assess the potential for individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 to be reinfected with Omicron variant and we also investigated the pathology associated with such infections. Initially, Syrian hamsters were inoculated with a lineage A, B.1.1.7, B.1.351, B.1.617.2 or a subvariant of Omicron, BA.1 strain and then reinfected with the BA.1 strain 5 weeks later. Subsequently, the impact of reinfection with Omicron subvariants (BA.1 and BA.2) in individuals previously infected with the BA.1 strain was examined. Although viral infection and replication were suppressed in both the upper and lower airways, following reinfection, virus-associated RNA was detected in the airways of most hamsters. Viral replication was more strongly suppressed in the lower respiratory tract than in the upper respiratory tract. Consistent amino acid substitutions were observed in the upper respiratory tract of infected hamsters after primary infection with variant BA.1, whereas diverse mutations appeared in hamsters reinfected with the same variant. Histopathology showed no acute pneumonia or disease enhancement in any of the reinfection groups and, in addition, the expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the airways of reinfected animals was only mildly elevated. These findings are important for understanding the risk of reinfection with new variants of SARS-CoV-2.
IMPORTANCE
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants and the widespread use of COVID-19 vaccines has resulted in individual differences in immune status against SARS-CoV-2. A decay in immunity over time and the emergence of variants that partially evade the immune response can also lead to reinfection. In this study, we demonstrated that, in hamsters, immunity acquired following primary infection with previous SARS-CoV-2 variants was effective in preventing the onset of pneumonia after reinfection with the Omicron variant. However, viral infection and multiplication in the upper respiratory tract were still observed after reinfection. We also showed that more diverse nonsynonymous mutations appeared in the upper respiratory tract of reinfected hamsters that had acquired immunity from primary infection. This hamster model reveals the within-host evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and its pathology after reinfection, and provides important information for countermeasures against diversifying SARS-CoV-2 variants. The diversity of SARS-CoV-2 mutations raises the possibility of reinfection of individuals previously infected with earlier variants, and this risk is further increased by the emergence of the B.1.1.529 Omicron variant. In this study, we used an , hamster infection model to assess the potential for individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 to be reinfected with Omicron variant and we also investigated the pathology associated with such infections. Initially, Syrian hamsters were inoculated with a lineage A, B.1.1.7, B.1.351, B.1.617.2 or a subvariant of Omicron, BA.1 strain and then reinfected with the BA.1 strain 5 weeks later. Subsequently, the impact of reinfection with Omicron subvariants (BA.1 and BA.2) in individuals previously infected with the BA.1 strain was examined. Although viral infection and replication were suppressed in both the upper and lower airways, following reinfection, virus-associated RNA was detected in the airways of most hamsters. Viral replication was more strongly suppressed in the lower respiratory tract than in the upper respiratory tract. Consistent amino acid substitutions were observed in the upper respiratory tract of infected hamsters after primary infection with variant BA.1, whereas diverse mutations appeared in hamsters reinfected with the same variant. Histopathology showed no acute pneumonia or disease enhancement in any of the reinfection groups and, in addition, the expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the airways of reinfected animals was only mildly elevated. These findings are important for understanding the risk of reinfection with new variants of SARS-CoV-2. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants and the widespread use of COVID-19 vaccines has resulted in individual differences in immune status against SARS-CoV-2. A decay in immunity over time and the emergence of variants that partially evade the immune response can also lead to reinfection. In this study, we demonstrated that, in hamsters, immunity acquired following primary infection with previous SARS-CoV-2 variants was effective in preventing the onset of pneumonia after reinfection with the Omicron variant. However, viral infection and multiplication in the upper respiratory tract were still observed after reinfection. We also showed that more diverse nonsynonymous mutations appeared in the upper respiratory tract of reinfected hamsters that had acquired immunity from primary infection. This hamster model reveals the within-host evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and its pathology after reinfection, and provides important information for countermeasures against diversifying SARS-CoV-2 variants. The diversity of SARS-CoV-2 mutations raises the possibility of reinfection of individuals previously infected with earlier variants, and this risk is further increased by the emergence of the B.1.1.529 Omicron variant. In this study, we used an in vivo , hamster infection model to assess the potential for individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 to be reinfected with Omicron variant and we also investigated the pathology associated with such infections. Initially, Syrian hamsters were inoculated with a lineage A, B.1.1.7, B.1.351, B.1.617.2 or a subvariant of Omicron, BA.1 strain and then reinfected with the BA.1 strain 5 weeks later. Subsequently, the impact of reinfection with Omicron subvariants (BA.1 and BA.2) in individuals previously infected with the BA.1 strain was examined. Although viral infection and replication were suppressed in both the upper and lower airways, following reinfection, virus-associated RNA was detected in the airways of most hamsters. Viral replication was more strongly suppressed in the lower respiratory tract than in the upper respiratory tract. Consistent amino acid substitutions were observed in the upper respiratory tract of infected hamsters after primary infection with variant BA.1, whereas diverse mutations appeared in hamsters reinfected with the same variant. Histopathology showed no acute pneumonia or disease enhancement in any of the reinfection groups and, in addition, the expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the airways of reinfected animals was only mildly elevated. These findings are important for understanding the risk of reinfection with new variants of SARS-CoV-2. IMPORTANCE The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants and the widespread use of COVID-19 vaccines has resulted in individual differences in immune status against SARS-CoV-2. A decay in immunity over time and the emergence of variants that partially evade the immune response can also lead to reinfection. In this study, we demonstrated that, in hamsters, immunity acquired following primary infection with previous SARS-CoV-2 variants was effective in preventing the onset of pneumonia after reinfection with the Omicron variant. However, viral infection and multiplication in the upper respiratory tract were still observed after reinfection. We also showed that more diverse nonsynonymous mutations appeared in the upper respiratory tract of reinfected hamsters that had acquired immunity from primary infection. This hamster model reveals the within-host evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and its pathology after reinfection, and provides important information for countermeasures against diversifying SARS-CoV-2 variants. The diversity of SARS-CoV-2 mutations raises the possibility of reinfection of individuals previously infected with earlier variants, and this risk is further increased by the emergence of the B.1.1.529 Omicron variant. In this study, we used an in vivo, hamster infection model to assess the potential for individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 to be reinfected with Omicron variant and we also investigated the pathology associated with such infections. Initially, Syrian hamsters were inoculated with a lineage A, B.1.1.7, B.1.351, B.1.617.2 or a subvariant of Omicron, BA.1 strain and then reinfected with the BA.1 strain 5 weeks later. Subsequently, the impact of reinfection with Omicron subvariants (BA.1 and BA.2) in individuals previously infected with the BA.1 strain was examined. Although viral infection and replication were suppressed in both the upper and lower airways, following reinfection, virus-associated RNA was detected in the airways of most hamsters. Viral replication was more strongly suppressed in the lower respiratory tract than in the upper respiratory tract. Consistent amino acid substitutions were observed in the upper respiratory tract of infected hamsters after primary infection with variant BA.1, whereas diverse mutations appeared in hamsters reinfected with the same variant. Histopathology showed no acute pneumonia or disease enhancement in any of the reinfection groups and, in addition, the expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the airways of reinfected animals was only mildly elevated. These findings are important for understanding the risk of reinfection with new variants of SARS-CoV-2. IMPORTANCE The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants and the widespread use of COVID-19 vaccines has resulted in individual differences in immune status against SARS-CoV-2. A decay in immunity over time and the emergence of variants that partially evade the immune response can also lead to reinfection. In this study, we demonstrated that, in hamsters, immunity acquired following primary infection with previous SARS-CoV-2 variants was effective in preventing the onset of pneumonia after reinfection with the Omicron variant. However, viral infection and multiplication in the upper respiratory tract were still observed after reinfection. We also showed that more diverse nonsynonymous mutations appeared in the upper respiratory tract of reinfected hamsters that had acquired immunity from primary infection. This hamster model reveals the within-host evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and its pathology after reinfection, and provides important information for countermeasures against diversifying SARS-CoV-2 variants.The diversity of SARS-CoV-2 mutations raises the possibility of reinfection of individuals previously infected with earlier variants, and this risk is further increased by the emergence of the B.1.1.529 Omicron variant. In this study, we used an in vivo, hamster infection model to assess the potential for individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 to be reinfected with Omicron variant and we also investigated the pathology associated with such infections. Initially, Syrian hamsters were inoculated with a lineage A, B.1.1.7, B.1.351, B.1.617.2 or a subvariant of Omicron, BA.1 strain and then reinfected with the BA.1 strain 5 weeks later. Subsequently, the impact of reinfection with Omicron subvariants (BA.1 and BA.2) in individuals previously infected with the BA.1 strain was examined. Although viral infection and replication were suppressed in both the upper and lower airways, following reinfection, virus-associated RNA was detected in the airways of most hamsters. Viral replication was more strongly suppressed in the lower respiratory tract than in the upper respiratory tract. Consistent amino acid substitutions were observed in the upper respiratory tract of infected hamsters after primary infection with variant BA.1, whereas diverse mutations appeared in hamsters reinfected with the same variant. Histopathology showed no acute pneumonia or disease enhancement in any of the reinfection groups and, in addition, the expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the airways of reinfected animals was only mildly elevated. These findings are important for understanding the risk of reinfection with new variants of SARS-CoV-2. IMPORTANCE The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants and the widespread use of COVID-19 vaccines has resulted in individual differences in immune status against SARS-CoV-2. A decay in immunity over time and the emergence of variants that partially evade the immune response can also lead to reinfection. In this study, we demonstrated that, in hamsters, immunity acquired following primary infection with previous SARS-CoV-2 variants was effective in preventing the onset of pneumonia after reinfection with the Omicron variant. However, viral infection and multiplication in the upper respiratory tract were still observed after reinfection. We also showed that more diverse nonsynonymous mutations appeared in the upper respiratory tract of reinfected hamsters that had acquired immunity from primary infection. This hamster model reveals the within-host evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and its pathology after reinfection, and provides important information for countermeasures against diversifying SARS-CoV-2 variants. The diversity of SARS-CoV-2 mutations raises the possibility of reinfection of individuals previously infected with earlier variants, and this risk is further increased by the emergence of the B.1.1.529 Omicron variant. In this study, we used an in vivo, hamster infection model to assess the potential for individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 to be reinfected with Omicron variant and we also investigated the pathology associated with such infections. Initially, Syrian hamsters were inoculated with a lineage A, B.1.1.7, B.1.351, B.1.617.2 or a subvariant of Omicron, BA.1 strain and then reinfected with the BA.1 strain 5 weeks later. Subsequently, the impact of reinfection with Omicron subvariants (BA.1 and BA.2) in individuals previously infected with the BA.1 strain was examined. Although viral infection and replication were suppressed in both the upper and lower airways, following reinfection, virus-associated RNA was detected in the airways of most hamsters. Viral replication was more strongly suppressed in the lower respiratory tract than in the upper respiratory tract. Consistent amino acid substitutions were observed in the upper respiratory tract of infected hamsters after primary infection with variant BA.1, whereas diverse mutations appeared in hamsters reinfected with the same variant. Histopathology showed no acute pneumonia or disease enhancement in any of the reinfection groups and, in addition, the expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the airways of reinfected animals was only mildly elevated. These findings are important for understanding the risk of reinfection with new variants of SARS-CoV-2. IMPORTANCE The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants and the widespread use of COVID-19 vaccines has resulted in individual differences in immune status against SARS-CoV-2. A decay in immunity over time and the emergence of variants that partially evade the immune response can also lead to reinfection. In this study, we demonstrated that, in hamsters, immunity acquired following primary infection with previous SARS-CoV-2 variants was effective in preventing the onset of pneumonia after reinfection with the Omicron variant. However, viral infection and multiplication in the upper respiratory tract were still observed after reinfection. We also showed that more diverse nonsynonymous mutations appeared in the upper respiratory tract of reinfected hamsters that had acquired immunity from primary infection. This hamster model reveals the within-host evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and its pathology after reinfection, and provides important information for countermeasures against diversifying SARS-CoV-2 variants. |
| Author | Kuroda, Yudai Shirakura, Masayuki Suzuki, Tadaki Watanabe, Shinji Miura, Hideka Yamada, Souichi Nagata, Noriyo Yamamoto, Tsukasa Fujisaki, Seiichiro Iwata-Yoshikawa, Naoko Shiwa-Sudo, Nozomi Sakai, Yusuke Fukushi, Shuetsu Nagata, Shiho Miyazaki, Kaya Hasegawa, Hideki Maeda, Ken |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Nozomi surname: Shiwa-Sudo fullname: Shiwa-Sudo, Nozomi organization: Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan – sequence: 2 givenname: Yusuke surname: Sakai fullname: Sakai, Yusuke organization: Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan – sequence: 3 givenname: Naoko surname: Iwata-Yoshikawa fullname: Iwata-Yoshikawa, Naoko organization: Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan – sequence: 4 givenname: Shinji surname: Watanabe fullname: Watanabe, Shinji organization: Research Center for Influenza and Respiratory Viruses, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan – sequence: 5 givenname: Souichi surname: Yamada fullname: Yamada, Souichi organization: Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan – sequence: 6 givenname: Yudai surname: Kuroda fullname: Kuroda, Yudai organization: Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan – sequence: 7 givenname: Tsukasa surname: Yamamoto fullname: Yamamoto, Tsukasa organization: Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan – sequence: 8 givenname: Masayuki surname: Shirakura fullname: Shirakura, Masayuki organization: Research Center for Influenza and Respiratory Viruses, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan – sequence: 9 givenname: Seiichiro surname: Fujisaki fullname: Fujisaki, Seiichiro organization: Research Center for Influenza and Respiratory Viruses, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan – sequence: 10 givenname: Kaya surname: Miyazaki fullname: Miyazaki, Kaya organization: Research Center for Influenza and Respiratory Viruses, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan – sequence: 11 givenname: Hideka surname: Miura fullname: Miura, Hideka organization: Research Center for Influenza and Respiratory Viruses, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan – sequence: 12 givenname: Shiho surname: Nagata fullname: Nagata, Shiho organization: Research Center for Influenza and Respiratory Viruses, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan – sequence: 13 givenname: Shuetsu surname: Fukushi fullname: Fukushi, Shuetsu organization: Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan – sequence: 14 givenname: Ken surname: Maeda fullname: Maeda, Ken organization: Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan – sequence: 15 givenname: Hideki surname: Hasegawa fullname: Hasegawa, Hideki organization: Research Center for Influenza and Respiratory Viruses, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan – sequence: 16 givenname: Tadaki surname: Suzuki fullname: Suzuki, Tadaki organization: Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan – sequence: 17 givenname: Noriyo orcidid: 0000-0001-9147-1438 surname: Nagata fullname: Nagata, Noriyo organization: Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36633406$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNp1kd9rFDEQx4NU7LX1zWfJo4Jbk-wml3sRyqH2oFDpj8O3MNmdtTl2k2uSO-l_b9qrRcU-Dcx85st853tA9nzwSMgbzo45F_rjauuOGa-VqoR4QSaczXQlJW_2yIQxISpZ6-_75CClFWO8aVTziuwXuq4bpiZkuRjX0GYaenqBzvfYZhc8_enyDb08ubis5mFZCXo-ujaW_hKiA58TdZ5-i7h1YZOGO7p4WMSOnsKYMsZ0RF72MCR8_VgPyfWXz1fz0-rs_OtifnJWQcN1rqwA3VrVSWk7oaTsUWtoLbBpozuUYGsUls-0Fsi7RmqNzNoZdFxa1eNU14fk0053vbEjdi36HGEw6-hGiHcmgDN_T7y7MT_C1hRNLWpeBN49CsRwu8GUzehSi8MAHos3I6ZKsilTUhX0_Q6FNAqzCpvoizXDmbnPwZQczEMORojCvv3zrqeDfj--AB92QHlrShH7J-QZPfEP3roM91EVV274_9Ivt3ymFA |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ebiom_2023_104677 crossref_primary_10_1111_1348_0421_13184 crossref_primary_10_1073_pnas_2308655120 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_023_41761_1 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_micinf_2024_105464 crossref_primary_10_3390_pathogens12050668 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1093/infdis/jiac161 10.1038/s41586-022-04411-y 10.1097/JCMA.0000000000000542 10.1016/0147-9571(81)90003-5 10.1093/infdis/jiaa518 10.1080/22221751.2020.1858177 10.1038/s41423-021-00807-4 10.1073/pnas.2009799117 10.1371/journal.pone.0239403 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00017-4 10.1002/path.5471 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110394 10.1080/22221751.2020.1780953 10.1038/s41586-020-2008-3 10.17504/protocols.io.betejeje 10.1056/NEJMoa2119658 10.1093/cid/ciac604 10.1038/s41379-020-0603-3 10.1038/s41598-022-07792-2 10.1126/sciadv.abh3827 10.1038/s41586-021-04386-2 10.1016/j.jim.2011.02.004 10.17504/protocols.io.bbmuik6w 10.1038/s41467-022-31838-8 10.15585/mmwr.mm7104e4 10.1056/NEJMc2206576 10.1128/JVI.64.3.1407-1409.1990 10.1016/j.jiph.2022.07.013 10.1128/mSphere.00507-21 10.1016/j.tim.2021.03.016 10.1177/1073858420939033 10.1080/22221751.2022.2095932 10.1038/s41586-022-04441-6 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006195 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02758-6 10.1073/pnas.2002589117 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110515 10.1002/rmv.2381 10.1186/s13027-021-00369-0 10.1128/Spectrum.00261-21 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104158 10.1038/s41586-020-2787-6 10.1126/sciimmunol.abq4450 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110688 10.1038/s41577-021-00656-2 10.1038/s41586-021-04385-3 10.1126/science.aai8128 10.1016/j.chom.2022.07.006 10.1128/mBio.00974-21 10.1371/journal.pone.0177967 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104008 10.1056/NEJMc2200133 10.1038/s41577-021-00631-x 10.1126/science.abn4947 10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7 10.1016/j.cell.2021.05.032 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103403 10.1038/s41577-021-00550-x 10.1136/bmjresp-2020-000830 10.1093/cid/ciaa325 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | Copyright © 2023 Shiwa-Sudo et al. Copyright © 2023 Shiwa-Sudo et al. 2023 Shiwa-Sudo et al. |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: Copyright © 2023 Shiwa-Sudo et al. – notice: Copyright © 2023 Shiwa-Sudo et al. 2023 Shiwa-Sudo et al. |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 7X8 5PM |
| DOI | 10.1128/jvi.01366-22 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed MEDLINE - Academic PubMed Central (Full Participant titles) |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | CrossRef MEDLINE MEDLINE - Academic |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 2 dbid: EIF name: MEDLINE url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/medline/basic-search sourceTypes: Index Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Biology |
| EISSN | 1098-5514 |
| Editor | Gallagher, Tom |
| Editor_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Tom surname: Gallagher fullname: Gallagher, Tom |
| ExternalDocumentID | PMC9888231 01366-22 36633406 10_1128_jvi_01366_22 |
| Genre | Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Journal Article |
| GrantInformation_xml | – fundername: Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) grantid: 21K20767 funderid: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001700 – fundername: Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) grantid: JP21nf0101626 funderid: https://doi.org/10.13039/100009619 – fundername: Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) grantid: JP21fk0108615 funderid: https://doi.org/10.13039/100009619 – fundername: Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) grantid: JP21wm0125008 funderid: https://doi.org/10.13039/100009619 – fundername: Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) grantid: 20K21666 funderid: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001700 – fundername: ; grantid: JP21wm0125008 – fundername: ; grantid: JP21nf0101626 – fundername: ; grantid: 21K20767 – fundername: ; grantid: 20K21666 – fundername: ; grantid: JP21fk0108615 |
| GroupedDBID | --- -~X 0R~ 18M 29L 2WC 39C 4.4 53G 5GY 5RE 5VS 85S AAFWJ AAGFI AAYXX ABPPZ ACGFO ACNCT ADBBV AENEX AGVNZ ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AOIJS BAWUL BTFSW CITATION CS3 DIK E3Z EBS F5P FRP GX1 H13 HYE HZ~ IH2 KQ8 N9A O9- OK1 P2P RHI RNS RPM RSF TR2 UPT W2D W8F WH7 WOQ YQT ~02 ~KM CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM RHF UCJ 8W4 ABFLS ABPTK ZA5 7X8 5PM |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-a418t-b2a8cb6d55bd2655fe88acba0748de5ab3e2b19882e1d4588e0bb9ad15b6fe783 |
| ISSN | 0022-538X 1098-5514 |
| IngestDate | Thu Aug 21 18:38:17 EDT 2025 Fri Jul 11 16:51:15 EDT 2025 Tue Jan 31 21:35:08 EST 2023 Thu Jan 02 22:52:31 EST 2025 Tue Jul 01 01:32:42 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 24 23:01:30 EDT 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 1 |
| Keywords | pathogenesis SARS-CoV-2 reinfection variants animal model |
| Language | English |
| License | This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. |
| LinkModel | OpenURL |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-a418t-b2a8cb6d55bd2655fe88acba0748de5ab3e2b19882e1d4588e0bb9ad15b6fe783 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 The authors declare no conflict of interest. |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-9147-1438 |
| OpenAccessLink | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC9888231 |
| PMID | 36633406 |
| PQID | 2765070656 |
| PQPubID | 23479 |
| PageCount | 21 |
| ParticipantIDs | pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_9888231 proquest_miscellaneous_2765070656 asm2_journals_10_1128_jvi_01366_22 pubmed_primary_36633406 crossref_primary_10_1128_jvi_01366_22 crossref_citationtrail_10_1128_jvi_01366_22 |
| ProviderPackageCode | CITATION AAYXX |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2023-01-31 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2023-01-31 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 01 year: 2023 text: 2023-01-31 day: 31 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationPlace | United States |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: United States – name: 1752 N St., N.W., Washington, DC |
| PublicationTitle | Journal of virology |
| PublicationTitleAbbrev | J Virol |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | J Virol |
| PublicationYear | 2023 |
| Publisher | American Society for Microbiology |
| Publisher_xml | – name: American Society for Microbiology |
| References | e_1_3_3_50_2 e_1_3_3_16_2 e_1_3_3_18_2 e_1_3_3_39_2 e_1_3_3_12_2 e_1_3_3_37_2 e_1_3_3_58_2 e_1_3_3_14_2 e_1_3_3_35_2 e_1_3_3_56_2 e_1_3_3_33_2 e_1_3_3_54_2 e_1_3_3_10_2 e_1_3_3_31_2 e_1_3_3_52_2 e_1_3_3_40_2 e_1_3_3_61_2 e_1_3_3_5_2 e_1_3_3_7_2 e_1_3_3_9_2 e_1_3_3_27_2 e_1_3_3_29_2 e_1_3_3_23_2 e_1_3_3_48_2 e_1_3_3_25_2 e_1_3_3_46_2 e_1_3_3_44_2 e_1_3_3_3_2 e_1_3_3_21_2 e_1_3_3_42_2 e_1_3_3_63_2 e_1_3_3_51_2 e_1_3_3_17_2 e_1_3_3_19_2 e_1_3_3_38_2 e_1_3_3_13_2 e_1_3_3_36_2 e_1_3_3_59_2 e_1_3_3_15_2 e_1_3_3_34_2 e_1_3_3_57_2 e_1_3_3_32_2 e_1_3_3_55_2 e_1_3_3_11_2 e_1_3_3_30_2 e_1_3_3_53_2 e_1_3_3_62_2 e_1_3_3_60_2 e_1_3_3_6_2 e_1_3_3_8_2 e_1_3_3_28_2 e_1_3_3_49_2 e_1_3_3_24_2 e_1_3_3_47_2 e_1_3_3_26_2 e_1_3_3_45_2 e_1_3_3_2_2 e_1_3_3_20_2 e_1_3_3_43_2 e_1_3_3_4_2 e_1_3_3_22_2 e_1_3_3_41_2 e_1_3_3_64_2 Cromer, D, Juno, JA, Khoury, D, Reynaldi, A, Wheatley, AK, Kent, SJ, Davenport, MP (B11) 2021; 21 Wong, L-YR, Perlman, S (B12) 2022; 22 Matsuyama, S, Nao, N, Shirato, K, Kawase, M, Saito, S, Takayama, I, Nagata, N, Sekizuka, T, Katoh, H, Kato, F, Sakata, M, Tahara, M, Kutsuna, S, Ohmagari, N, Kuroda, M, Suzuki, T, Kageyama, T, Takeda, M (B56) 2020; 117 Kindler, E, Gil-Cruz, C, Spanier, J, Li, Y, Wilhelm, J, Rabouw, HH, Zust, R, Hwang, M, V'Kovski, P, Stalder, H, Marti, S, Habjan, M, Cervantes-Barragan, L, Elliot, R, Karl, N, Gaughan, C, van Kuppeveld, FJ, Silverman, RH, Keller, M, Ludewig, B, Bergmann, CC, Ziebuhr, J, Weiss, SR, Kalinke, U, Thiel, V (B37) 2017; 13 Rissmann, M, Noack, D, van Riel, D, Schmitz, KS, de Vries, RD, van Run, P, Lamers, MM, Geurts van Kessel, CH, Koopmans, MPG, Fouchier, RAM, Kuiken, T, Haagmans, BL, Rockx, B (B54) 2022; 11 Boyton, RJ, Altmann, DM (B32) 2021; 21 Viana, R, Moyo, S, Amoako, DG, Tegally, H, Scheepers, C, Althaus, CL, Anyaneji, UJ, Bester, PA, Boni, MF, Chand, M, Choga, WT, Colquhoun, R, Davids, M, Deforche, K, Doolabh, D, Du Plessis, L, Engelbrecht, S, Everatt, J, Giandhari, J, Giovanetti, M, Hardie, D, Hill, V, Hsiao, N-Y, Iranzadeh, A, Ismail, A, Joseph, C, Joseph, R, Koopile, L, Kosakovsky Pond, SL, Kraemer, MUG, Kuate-Lere, L, Laguda-Akingba, O, Lesetedi-Mafoko, O, Lessells, RJ, Lockman, S, Lucaci, AG, Maharaj, A, Mahlangu, B, Maponga, T, Mahlakwane, K, Makatini, Z, Marais, G, Maruapula, D, Masupu, K, Matshaba, M, Mayaphi, S, Mbhele, N, Mbulawa, MB, Mendes, A, Mlisana, K (B3) 2022; 603 Wolter, N, Jassat, W, Walaza, S, Welch, R, Moultrie, H, Groome, M, Amoako, DG, Everatt, J, Bhiman, JN, Scheepers, C, Tebeila, N, Chiwandire, N, Du Plessis, M, Govender, N, Ismail, A, Glass, A, Mlisana, K, Stevens, W, Treurnicht, FK, Makatini, Z, Hsiao, N-y, Parboosing, R, Wadula, J, Hussey, H, Davies, M-A, Boulle, A, von Gottberg, A, Cohen, C (B5) 2022; 399 Nunez, IA, Lien, CZ, Selvaraj, P, Stauft, CB, Liu, S, Starost, MF, Wang, TT (B16) 2021; 6 Pastorio, C, Zech, F, Noettger, S, Jung, C, Jacob, T, Sanderson, T, Sparrer, KMJ, Kirchhoff, F (B25) 2022; 30 Oliviero, A, de Castro, F, Coperchini, F, Chiovato, L, Rotondi, M (B51) 2021; 27 Halstead, SB, Katzelnick, L (B47) 2020; 222 Andeweg, SP, de Gier, B, Eggink, D, van den Ende, C, van Maarseveen, N, Ali, L, Vlaemynck, B, Schepers, R, Hahne, SJM, Reusken, C, de Melker, HE, van den Hof, S, Knol, MJ (B26) 2022; 13 Pulliam, JRC, Schalkwyk, C, Govender, N, Gottberg, A, Cohen, C, Groome, MJ, Dushoff, J, Mlisana, K, Moultrie, H (B6) 2022; 376 Cameroni, E, Bowen, JE, Rosen, LE, Saliba, C, Zepeda, SK, Culap, K, Pinto, D, VanBlargan, LA, De Marco, A, di Iulio, J, Zatta, F, Kaiser, H, Noack, J, Farhat, N, Czudnochowski, N, Havenar-Daughton, C, Sprouse, KR, Dillen, JR, Powell, AE, Chen, A, Maher, C, Yin, L, Sun, D, Soriaga, L, Bassi, J, Silacci-Fregni, C, Gustafsson, C, Franko, NM, Logue, J, Iqbal, NT, Mazzitelli, I, Geffner, J, Grifantini, R, Chu, H, Gori, A, Riva, A, Giannini, O, Ceschi, A, Ferrari, P, Cippa, PE, Franzetti-Pellanda, A, Garzoni, C, Halfmann, PJ, Kawaoka, Y, Hebner, C, Purcell, LA, Piccoli, L, Pizzuto, MS, Walls, AC, Diamond, MS (B22) 2022; 602 Wilhelm, A, Widera, M, Grikscheit, K, Toptan, T, Schenk, B, Pallas, C, Metzler, M, Kohmer, N, Hoehl, S, Marschalek, R, Herrmann, E, Helfritz, FA, Wolf, T, Goetsch, U, Ciesek, S (B24) 2022; 82 Zhou, P, Yang, X-L, Wang, X-G, Hu, B, Zhang, L, Zhang, W, Si, H-R, Zhu, Y, Li, B, Huang, C-L, Chen, H-D, Chen, J, Luo, Y, Guo, H, Jiang, R-D, Liu, M-Q, Chen, Y, Shen, X-R, Wang, X, Zheng, X-S, Zhao, K, Chen, Q-J, Deng, F, Liu, L-L, Yan, B, Zhan, F-X, Wang, Y-Y, Xiao, G-F, Shi, Z-L (B35) 2020; 579 Tran, DP, Taira, Y, Ogawa, T, Misu, R, Miyazawa, Y, Kitao, A (B36) 2022; 12 Li, X, Hou, P, Ma, W, Wang, X, Wang, H, Yu, Z, Chang, H, Wang, T, Jin, S, Wang, X, Wang, W, Zhao, Y, Zhao, Y, Xu, C, Ma, X, Gao, Y, He, H (B40) 2022; 19 Halfmann, PJ, Iida, S, Iwatsuki-Horimoto, K, Maemura, T, Kiso, M, Scheaffer, SM, Darling, TL, Joshi, A, Loeber, S, Singh, G, Foster, SL, Ying, B, Case, JB, Chong, Z, Whitener, B, Moliva, J, Floyd, K, Ujie, M, Nakajima, N, Ito, M, Wright, R, Uraki, R, Warang, P, Gagne, M, Li, R, Sakai-Tagawa, Y, Liu, Y, Larson, D, Osorio, JE, Hernandez-Ortiz, JP, Henry, AR, Ciuoderis, K, Florek, KR, Patel, M, Odle, A, Wong, L-YR, Bateman, AC, Wang, Z, Edara, V-V, Chong, Z, Franks, J, Jeevan, T, Fabrizio, T, DeBeauchamp, J, Kercher, L, Seiler, P, Gonzalez-Reiche, AS, Sordillo, EM, Chang, LA, van Bakel, H (B7) 2022; 603 B1 B2 Itokawa, K, Sekizuka, T, Hashino, M, Tanaka, R, Kuroda, M (B61) 2020; 15 Weiss, RC, Scott, FW (B45) 1981; 4 Munoz-Fontela, C, Dowling, WE, Funnell, SGP, Gsell, PS, Riveros-Balta, AX, Albrecht, RA, Andersen, H, Baric, RS, Carroll, MW, Cavaleri, M, Qin, C, Crozier, I, Dallmeier, K, de Waal, L, de Wit, E, Delang, L, Dohm, E, Duprex, WP, Falzarano, D, Finch, CL, Frieman, MB, Graham, BS, Gralinski, LE, Guilfoyle, K, Haagmans, BL, Hamilton, GA, Hartman, AL, Herfst, S, Kaptein, SJF, Klimstra, WB, Knezevic, I, Krause, PR, Kuhn, JH, Le Grand, R, Lewis, MG, Liu, WC, Maisonnasse, P, McElroy, AK, Munster, V, Oreshkova, N, Rasmussen, AL, Rocha-Pereira, J, Rockx, B, Rodriguez, E, Rogers, TF, Salguero, FJ, Schotsaert, M, Stittelaar, KJ, Thibaut, HJ, Tseng, CT (B29) 2020; 586 Siggins, MK, Thwaites, RS, Openshaw, PJM (B33) 2021; 29 Liu, Y, Soh, WT, Kishikawa, JI, Hirose, M, Nakayama, EE, Li, S, Sasai, M, Suzuki, T, Tada, A, Arakawa, A, Matsuoka, S, Akamatsu, K, Matsuda, M, Ono, C, Torii, S, Kishida, K, Jin, H, Nakai, W, Arase, N, Nakagawa, A, Matsumoto, M, Nakazaki, Y, Shindo, Y, Kohyama, M, Tomii, K, Ohmura, K, Ohshima, S, Okamoto, T, Yamamoto, M, Nakagami, H, Matsuura, Y, Nakagawa, A, Kato, T, Okada, M, Standley, DM, Shioda, T, Arase, H (B42) 2021; 184 Iwata-Yoshikawa, N, Shiwa, N, Sekizuka, T, Sano, K, Ainai, A, Hemmi, T, Kataoka, M, Kuroda, M, Hasegawa, H, Suzuki, T, Nagata, N (B52) 2022; 8 Yamada, S, Fukushi, S, Kinoshita, H, Ohnishi, M, Suzuki, T, Fujimoto, T, Saijo, M, MAeda, K (B57) 2021; 8 Rosenke, K, Meade-White, K, Letko, M, Clancy, C, Hansen, F, Liu, Y, Okumura, A, Tang-Huau, T-L, Li, R, Saturday, G, Feldmann, F, Scott, D, Wang, Z, Munster, V, Jarvis, MA, Feldmann, H (B13) 2020; 9 Vennema, H, de Groot, RJ, Harbour, DA, Dalderup, M, Gruffydd-Jones, T, Horzinek, MC, Spaan, WJ (B44) 1990; 64 Smid, M, Berec, L, Pribylova, L, Majek, O, Pavlik, T, Jarkovsky, J, Weiner, J, Barusova, T, Trnka, J (B50) 2022; 226 Cao, Y, Wang, J, Jian, F, Xiao, T, Song, W, YisimAyi, A, Huang, W, Li, Q, Wang, P, An, R, Wang, J, Wang, Y, Niu, X, Yang, S, Liang, H, Sun, H, Li, T, Yu, Y, Cui, Q, Liu, S, Yang, X, Du, S, Zhang, Z, Hao, X, Shao, F, Jin, R, Wang, X, Xiao, J, Wang, Y, Xie, XS (B23) 2022; 602 Chan, JF, Zhang, AJ, Yuan, S, Poon, VK, Chan, CC, Lee, AC, Chan, WM, Fan, Z, Tsoi, HW, Wen, L, Liang, R, Cao, J, Chen, Y, Tang, K, Luo, C, Cai, JP, Kok, KH, Chu, H, Chan, KH, Sridhar, S, Chen, Z, Chen, H, To, KK, Yuen, KY (B14) 2020; 71 Abdelnabi, R, Boudewijns, R, Foo, CS, Seldeslachts, L, Sanchez-Felipe, L, Zhang, X, Delang, L, Maes, P, Kaptein, SJF, Weynand, B, Vande Velde, G, Neyts, J, Dallmeier, K (B17) 2021; 68 Halfmann, PJ, Kuroda, M, Maemura, T, Chiba, S, Armbrust, T, Wright, R, Balaram, A, Florek, KR, Bateman, AC, Kawaoka, Y (B55) 2022; 39 Rodrigues, MV, de Castro, SO, de Albuquerque, CZ, Mattaraia, VGM, Santoro, ML (B58) 2017; 12 Altarawneh, HN, Chemaitelly, H, Hasan, MR, Ayoub, HH, Qassim, S, AlMukdad, S, Coyle, P, Yassine, HM, Al-Khatib, HA, Benslimane, FM, Al-Kanaani, Z, Al-Kuwari, E, Jeremijenko, A, Kaleeckal, AH, Latif, AN, Shaik, RM, Abdul-Rahim, HF, Nasrallah, GK, Al-Kuwari, MG, Butt, AA, Al-Romaihi, HE, Al-Thani, MH, Al-Khal, A, Bertollini, R, Tang, P, Abu-Raddad, LJ (B48) 2022; 386 Pannone, G, Caponio, VCA, De Stefano, IS, Ramunno, MA, Meccariello, M, Agostinone, A, Pedicillo, MC, Troiano, G, Zhurakivska, K, Cassano, T, Bizzoca, ME, Papagerakis, S, Buonaguro, FM, Advani, S, Muzio, LL (B21) 2021; 16 Hachmann, NP, Miller, J, Collier, AY, Ventura, JD, Yu, J, Rowe, M, Bondzie, EA, Powers, O, Surve, N, Hall, K, Barouch, DH (B28) 2022; 387 Dhakal, S, Ruiz-Bedoya, CA, Zhou, R, Creisher, PS, Villano, JS, Littlefield, K, Ruelas Castillo, J, Marinho, P, Jedlicka, AE, Ordonez, AA, Bahr, M, Majewska, N, Betenbaugh, MJ, Flavahan, K, Mueller, ARL, Looney, MM, Quijada, D, Mota, F, Beck, SE, Brockhurst, J, Braxton, AM, Castell, N, Stover, M, D'Alessio, FR, Metcalf Pate, KA, Karakousis, PC, Mankowski, JL, Pekosz, A, Jain, SK, Klein, SL, Johns Hopkins, C-H (B31) 2021; 12 Iuliano, AD, Brunkard, JM, Boehmer, TK, Peterson, E, Adjei, S, Binder, AM, Cobb, S, Graff, P, Hidalgo, P, Panaggio, MJ, Rainey, JJ, Rao, P, Soetebier, K, Wacaster, S, Ai, C, Gupta, V, Molinari, NM, Ritchey, MD (B8) 2022; 71 Hansen, F, Meade-White, K, Clancy, C, Rosenke, R, Okumura, A, Hawman, DW, Feldmann, F, Kaza, B, Jarvis, MA, Rosenke, K, Feldmann, H (B18) 2022; 38 Mykytyn, AZ, Rissmann, M, Kok, A, Rosu, ME, Schipper, D, Breugem, TI, van denDoel, PB, Chandler, F, Bestebroer, T, de Wit, M, van Royen, ME, Molenkamp, R, Oude Munnink, BB, de Vries, RD, GeurtsvanKessel, C, Smith, DJ, Koopmans, MPG, Rockx, B, Lamers, MM, Fouchier, R, Haagmans, BL (B30) 2022; 7 Rothberg, MB, Kim, P, Shrestha, NK, Kojima, L, Tereshchenko, LG (B49) 2022 Mencacci, A, Gili, A, Camilloni, B, Bicchieraro, G, Spaccapelo, R, Bietta, C, Stracci, F (B53) 2022; 15 Fall, A, Eldesouki, RE, Sachithanandham, J, Morris, CP, Norton, JM, Gaston, DC, Forman, M, Abdullah, O, Gallagher, N, Li, M, Swanson, NJ, Pekosz, A, Klein, EY, Mostafa, HH (B10) 2022; 79 Yuen, CK, Lam, JY, Wong, WM, Mak, LF, Wang, X, Chu, H, Cai, JP, Jin, DY, To, KK, Chan, JF, Yuen, KY, Kok, KH (B38) 2020; 9 Yang, DM, Lin, FC, Tsai, PH, Chien, Y, Wang, ML, Yang, YP, Chang, TJ (B41) 2021; 84 Madhi, SA, Kwatra, G, Myers, JE, Jassat, W, Dhar, N, Mukendi, CK, Nana, AJ, Blumberg, L, Welch, R, Ngorima-Mabhena, N, Mutevedzi, PC (B9) 2022; 386 Wu, F, Zhao, S, Yu, B, Chen, YM, Wang, W, Song, ZG, Hu, Y, Tao, ZW, Tian, JH, Pei, YY, Yuan, ML, Zhang, YL, Dai, FH, Liu, Y, Wang, QM, Zheng, |
| References_xml | – ident: e_1_3_3_51_2 doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiac161 – ident: e_1_3_3_4_2 doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-04411-y – ident: e_1_3_3_42_2 doi: 10.1097/JCMA.0000000000000542 – ident: e_1_3_3_46_2 doi: 10.1016/0147-9571(81)90003-5 – ident: e_1_3_3_48_2 doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa518 – ident: e_1_3_3_14_2 doi: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1858177 – ident: e_1_3_3_41_2 doi: 10.1038/s41423-021-00807-4 – ident: e_1_3_3_16_2 doi: 10.1073/pnas.2009799117 – ident: e_1_3_3_62_2 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239403 – ident: e_1_3_3_6_2 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00017-4 – ident: e_1_3_3_47_2 doi: 10.1002/path.5471 – ident: e_1_3_3_20_2 doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110394 – ident: e_1_3_3_39_2 doi: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1780953 – ident: e_1_3_3_40_2 doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2008-3 – ident: e_1_3_3_63_2 doi: 10.17504/protocols.io.betejeje – ident: e_1_3_3_10_2 doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2119658 – ident: e_1_3_3_50_2 doi: 10.1093/cid/ciac604 – ident: e_1_3_3_21_2 doi: 10.1038/s41379-020-0603-3 – ident: e_1_3_3_37_2 doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-07792-2 – ident: e_1_3_3_53_2 doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abh3827 – ident: e_1_3_3_23_2 doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-04386-2 – ident: e_1_3_3_60_2 doi: 10.1016/j.jim.2011.02.004 – ident: e_1_3_3_61_2 doi: 10.17504/protocols.io.bbmuik6w – ident: e_1_3_3_27_2 doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-31838-8 – ident: e_1_3_3_9_2 doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7104e4 – ident: e_1_3_3_29_2 doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2206576 – ident: e_1_3_3_45_2 doi: 10.1128/JVI.64.3.1407-1409.1990 – ident: e_1_3_3_54_2 doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2022.07.013 – ident: e_1_3_3_17_2 doi: 10.1128/mSphere.00507-21 – ident: e_1_3_3_34_2 doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2021.03.016 – ident: e_1_3_3_52_2 doi: 10.1177/1073858420939033 – ident: e_1_3_3_55_2 doi: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2095932 – ident: e_1_3_3_8_2 doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-04441-6 – ident: e_1_3_3_38_2 doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006195 – ident: e_1_3_3_5_2 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02758-6 – ident: e_1_3_3_57_2 doi: 10.1073/pnas.2002589117 – ident: e_1_3_3_19_2 doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110515 – ident: e_1_3_3_28_2 doi: 10.1002/rmv.2381 – ident: e_1_3_3_3_2 – ident: e_1_3_3_22_2 doi: 10.1186/s13027-021-00369-0 – ident: e_1_3_3_35_2 doi: 10.1128/Spectrum.00261-21 – ident: e_1_3_3_25_2 doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104158 – ident: e_1_3_3_30_2 doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2787-6 – ident: e_1_3_3_31_2 doi: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abq4450 – ident: e_1_3_3_56_2 doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110688 – ident: e_1_3_3_13_2 doi: 10.1038/s41577-021-00656-2 – ident: e_1_3_3_24_2 doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-04385-3 – ident: e_1_3_3_44_2 doi: 10.1126/science.aai8128 – ident: e_1_3_3_26_2 doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.07.006 – ident: e_1_3_3_32_2 doi: 10.1128/mBio.00974-21 – ident: e_1_3_3_59_2 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177967 – ident: e_1_3_3_11_2 doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104008 – ident: e_1_3_3_49_2 doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2200133 – ident: e_1_3_3_64_2 – ident: e_1_3_3_2_2 – ident: e_1_3_3_33_2 doi: 10.1038/s41577-021-00631-x – ident: e_1_3_3_7_2 doi: 10.1126/science.abn4947 – ident: e_1_3_3_36_2 doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7 – ident: e_1_3_3_43_2 doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.05.032 – ident: e_1_3_3_18_2 doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103403 – ident: e_1_3_3_12_2 doi: 10.1038/s41577-021-00550-x – ident: e_1_3_3_58_2 doi: 10.1136/bmjresp-2020-000830 – ident: e_1_3_3_15_2 doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa325 – ident: B60 article-title: Quick J . 2020 . nCoV-2019 sequencing protocol v3 (LoCost), on Version created by Josh Quick . https://protocols.io/view/ncov-2019-sequencing-protocol-v3-locost-bh42j8ye . Accessed 11 July, 2022 . – volume: 4 start-page: 175 year: 1981 end-page: 189 ident: B45 article-title: Antibody-mediated enhancement of disease in feline infectious peritonitis: comparisons with dengue hemorrhagic fever publication-title: Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis doi: 10.1016/0147-9571(81)90003-5 – ident: B63 article-title: Itokawa K , Sasaki N . 2021 . Alt_nCov2019_primers_v0.11 . https://github.com/ItokawaK/Alt_nCov2019_primers . Accessed 11 July 2022 . – volume: 579 start-page: 270 year: 2020 end-page: 273 ident: B35 article-title: A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin publication-title: Nature doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7 – volume: 9 year: 2021 ident: B34 article-title: SARS-CoV-2 quasispecies provides an advantage mutation pool for the epidemic variants publication-title: Microbiol Spectr doi: 10.1128/Spectrum.00261-21 – volume: 33 start-page: 2128 year: 2020 end-page: 2138 ident: B20 article-title: A systematic review of pathological findings in COVID-19: a pathophysiological timeline and possible mechanisms of disease progression publication-title: Mod Pathol doi: 10.1038/s41379-020-0603-3 – volume: 251 start-page: 228 year: 2020 end-page: 248 ident: B46 article-title: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), SARS-CoV-2 and the pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) publication-title: J Pathol doi: 10.1002/path.5471 – volume: 117 start-page: 7001 year: 2020 end-page: 7003 ident: B56 article-title: Enhanced isolation of SARS-CoV-2 by TMPRSS2-expressing cells publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA doi: 10.1073/pnas.2002589117 – volume: 32 year: 2022 ident: B27 article-title: Evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 omicron variants BA.1 to BA.5: implications for immune escape and transmission publication-title: Rev Med Virol doi: 10.1002/rmv.2381 – volume: 586 start-page: 509 year: 2020 end-page: 515 ident: B29 article-title: Animal models for COVID-19 publication-title: Nature doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2787-6 – volume: 399 start-page: 437 year: 2022 end-page: 446 ident: B5 article-title: Early assessment of the clinical severity of the SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant in South Africa: a data linkage study publication-title: Lancet doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00017-4 – volume: 82 start-page: 104158 year: 2022 ident: B24 article-title: Limited neutralisation of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants BA.1 and BA.2 by convalescent and vaccine serum and monoclonal antibodies publication-title: EBioMedicine doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104158 – volume: 64 start-page: 1407 year: 1990 end-page: 1409 ident: B44 article-title: Early death after feline infectious peritonitis virus challenge due to recombinant vaccinia virus immunization publication-title: J Virol doi: 10.1128/JVI.64.3.1407-1409.1990 – year: 2022 ident: B49 article-title: Protection against the Omicron variant offered by previous SARS-CoV-2 infection: a retrospective cohort study publication-title: Clin Infect Dis ;ciac604 doi: 10.1093/cid/ciac604 – volume: 71 start-page: 2428 year: 2020 end-page: 2446 ident: B14 article-title: Simulation of the clinical and pathological manifestations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in golden Syrian hamster model: implications for disease pathogenesis and transmissibility publication-title: Clin Infect Dis doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa325 – volume: 386 start-page: 1288 year: 2022 end-page: 1290 ident: B48 article-title: Protection against the Omicron variant from previous SARS-CoV-2 infection publication-title: N Engl J Med doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2200133 – volume: 398 start-page: 2126 year: 2021 end-page: 2128 ident: B4 article-title: Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant: a new chapter in the COVID-19 pandemic publication-title: Lancet doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02758-6 – volume: 8 year: 2021 ident: B57 article-title: Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infectivity of upper respiratory specimens from COVID-19 patients by virus isolation using VeroE6/TMPRSS2 cells publication-title: BMJ Open Respir Res doi: 10.1136/bmjresp-2020-000830 – volume: 71 start-page: 146 year: 2022 end-page: 152 ident: B8 article-title: Trends in disease severity and health care utilization during the early Omicron variant period compared with previous SARS-CoV-2 high transmission periods - United States, December 2020–January 2022 publication-title: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7104e4 – volume: 27 start-page: 214 year: 2021 end-page: 221 ident: B51 article-title: COVID-19 pulmonary and olfactory dysfunctions: is the chemokine CXCL10 the common denominator? publication-title: Neuroscientist doi: 10.1177/1073858420939033 – volume: 13 year: 2017 ident: B37 article-title: Early endonuclease-mediated evasion of RNA sensing ensures efficient coronavirus replication publication-title: PLoS Pathog doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006195 – volume: 30 start-page: 1255 year: 2022 end-page: 1268 ident: B25 article-title: Determinants of Spike infectivity, processing, and neutralization in SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants BA.1 and BA.2 publication-title: Cell Host Microbe doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.07.006 – volume: 21 start-page: 762 year: 2021 end-page: 768 ident: B32 article-title: The immunology of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection: what are the key questions? publication-title: Nat Rev Immunol doi: 10.1038/s41577-021-00631-x – volume: 11 start-page: 1778 year: 2022 end-page: 1786 ident: B54 article-title: Pulmonary lesions following inoculation with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 (B.1.1.529) variant in Syrian golden hamsters publication-title: Emerg Microbes Infect doi: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2095932 – volume: 376 year: 2022 ident: B6 article-title: Increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection associated with emergence of Omicron in South Africa publication-title: Science doi: 10.1126/science.abn4947 – volume: 603 start-page: 687 year: 2022 end-page: 692 ident: B7 article-title: SARS-CoV-2 Omicron virus causes attenuated disease in mice and hamsters publication-title: Nature doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-04441-6 – volume: 15 start-page: 983 year: 2022 end-page: 985 ident: B53 article-title: Immediate reinfection with Omicron variant after clearance of a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection publication-title: J Infect Public Health doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2022.07.013 – volume: 22 start-page: 47 year: 2022 end-page: 56 ident: B12 article-title: Immune dysregulation and immunopathology induced by SARS-CoV-2 and related coronaviruses — are we our own worst enemy? publication-title: Nat Rev Immunol doi: 10.1038/s41577-021-00656-2 – volume: 79 start-page: 104008 year: 2022 ident: B10 article-title: The displacement of the SARS-CoV-2 variant Delta with Omicron: an investigation of hospital admissions and upper respiratory viral loads publication-title: eBioMedicine doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104008 – volume: 355 start-page: 395 year: 2017 end-page: 398 ident: B43 article-title: IgG antibodies to dengue enhanced for FcgammaRIIIA binding determine disease severity publication-title: Science doi: 10.1126/science.aai8128 – volume: 12 year: 2017 ident: B58 article-title: The gingival vein as a minimally traumatic site for multiple blood sampling in guinea pigs and hamsters publication-title: PLoS One doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177967 – volume: 386 start-page: 1314 year: 2022 end-page: 1326 ident: B9 article-title: Population immunity and Covid-19 severity with Omicron variant in South Africa publication-title: N Engl J Med doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2119658 – volume: 13 start-page: 4738 year: 2022 ident: B26 article-title: Protection of COVID-19 vaccination and previous infection against Omicron BA.1, BA.2 and Delta SARS-CoV-2 infections publication-title: Nat Commun doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-31838-8 – volume: 29 start-page: 648 year: 2021 end-page: 662 ident: B33 article-title: Durability of immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses publication-title: Trends Microbiol doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2021.03.016 – volume: 226 start-page: 1385 year: 2022 end-page: 1390 ident: B50 article-title: Protection by vaccines and previous infection against the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 publication-title: J Infect Dis doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiac161 – ident: B2 article-title: World Health Organization . 2021 . Classification of Omicron (B.1.1.529): SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern . https://www.who.int/news/item/26-11-2021-classification-of-omicron-(b.1.1.529)-sars-cov-2-variant-of-concern . Accessed 29 May 2022 . – volume: 6 year: 2021 ident: B16 article-title: SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 infection of Syrian hamster does not cause more severe disease, and naturally acquired immunity confers protection publication-title: mSphere doi: 10.1128/mSphere.00507-21 – volume: 68 start-page: 103403 year: 2021 ident: B17 article-title: Comparing infectivity and virulence of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants in Syrian hamsters publication-title: EBioMedicine doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103403 – volume: 38 start-page: 110515 year: 2022 ident: B18 article-title: SARS-CoV-2 reinfection prevents acute respiratory disease in Syrian hamsters but not replication in the upper respiratory tract publication-title: Cell Rep doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110515 – volume: 19 start-page: 67 year: 2022 end-page: 78 ident: B40 article-title: SARS-CoV-2 ORF10 suppresses the antiviral innate immune response by degrading MAVS through mitophagy publication-title: Cell Mol Immunol doi: 10.1038/s41423-021-00807-4 – ident: B62 article-title: Itokawa K , Sekizuka T , Hashino M , Tanaka R , Eto S , Someno R , Kuroda M . 2021 . nCoV-2019 sequencing protocol for illumina . https://protocols.io/view/ncov-2019-sequencing-protocol-for-illumina-b2msqc6e . Accessed 11 July 2022 . – volume: 12 year: 2021 ident: B31 article-title: Sex differences in lung imaging and SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses in a COVID-19 golden Syrian hamster model publication-title: mBio doi: 10.1128/mBio.00974-21 – volume: 8 year: 2022 ident: B52 article-title: A lethal mouse model for evaluating vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease during SARS-CoV-2 infection publication-title: Sci Adv doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abh3827 – volume: 603 start-page: 679 year: 2022 end-page: 686 ident: B3 article-title: Rapid epidemic expansion of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in southern Africa publication-title: Nature doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-04411-y – volume: 602 start-page: 657 year: 2022 end-page: 663 ident: B23 article-title: Omicron escapes the majority of existing SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies publication-title: Nature doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-04385-3 – volume: 39 start-page: 110688 year: 2022 ident: B55 article-title: Efficacy of vaccination and previous infection against the Omicron BA.1 variant in Syrian hamsters publication-title: Cell Rep doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110688 – volume: 602 start-page: 664 year: 2022 end-page: 670 ident: B22 article-title: Broadly neutralizing antibodies overcome SARS-CoV-2 Omicron antigenic shift publication-title: Nature doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-04386-2 – volume: 84 start-page: 478 year: 2021 end-page: 484 ident: B41 article-title: Pandemic analysis of infection and death correlated with genomic open reading frame 10 mutation in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 victims publication-title: J Chin Med Assoc doi: 10.1097/JCMA.0000000000000542 – volume: 368 start-page: 24 year: 2011 end-page: 35 ident: B59 article-title: Validation of assays to monitor immune responses in the Syrian golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) publication-title: J Immunol Methods doi: 10.1016/j.jim.2011.02.004 – volume: 15 year: 2020 ident: B61 article-title: Disentangling primer interactions improves SARS-CoV-2 genome sequencing by multiplex tiling PCR publication-title: PLoS One doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239403 – volume: 12 start-page: 3860 year: 2022 ident: B36 article-title: Inhibition of the hexamerization of SARS-CoV-2 endoribonuclease and modeling of RNA structures bound to the hexamer publication-title: Sci Rep doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-07792-2 – volume: 16 start-page: 34 year: 2021 ident: B21 article-title: Lung histopathological findings in COVID-19 disease – a systematic review publication-title: Infect Agents Cancer doi: 10.1186/s13027-021-00369-0 – volume: 21 start-page: 395 year: 2021 end-page: 404 ident: B11 article-title: Prospects for durable immune control of SARS-CoV-2 and prevention of reinfection publication-title: Nat Rev Immunol doi: 10.1038/s41577-021-00550-x – volume: 222 start-page: 1946 year: 2020 end-page: 1950 ident: B47 article-title: COVID-19 vaccines: should we fear ADE? publication-title: J Infect Dis doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa518 – volume: 184 start-page: 3452 year: 2021 end-page: 3466.e3418 ident: B42 article-title: An infectivity-enhancing site on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein targeted by antibodies publication-title: Cell doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.05.032 – volume: 387 start-page: 86 year: 2022 end-page: 88 ident: B28 article-title: Neutralization escape by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants BA.2.12.1, BA.4, and BA.5 publication-title: N Engl J Med doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2206576 – volume: 38 start-page: 110394 year: 2022 ident: B19 article-title: Long-term, infection-acquired immunity against the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant in a hamster model publication-title: Cell Rep doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110394 – volume: 9 start-page: 1418 year: 2020 end-page: 1428 ident: B38 article-title: SARS-CoV-2 nsp13, nsp14, nsp15 and orf6 function as potent interferon antagonists publication-title: Emerg Microbes Infect doi: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1780953 – ident: B1 article-title: World Health Organization . WHO coronavirus disease (COVID-19) dashboard . https://covid19.who.int . Accessed 15 August 2022 . – volume: 579 start-page: 265 year: 2020 end-page: 269 ident: B39 article-title: A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China publication-title: Nature doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2008-3 – volume: 117 start-page: 16587 year: 2020 end-page: 16595 ident: B15 article-title: Syrian hamsters as a small animal model for SARS-CoV-2 infection and countermeasure development publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA doi: 10.1073/pnas.2009799117 – volume: 7 year: 2022 ident: B30 article-title: Antigenic cartography of SARS-CoV-2 reveals that Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 are antigenically distinct publication-title: Sci Immunol doi: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abq4450 – volume: 9 start-page: 2673 year: 2020 end-page: 2684 ident: B13 article-title: Defining the Syrian hamster as a highly susceptible preclinical model for SARS-CoV-2 infection publication-title: Emerg Microbes Infect doi: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1858177 |
| SSID | ssj0014464 |
| Score | 2.4501376 |
| Snippet | The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants and the widespread use of COVID-19 vaccines has resulted in individual differences in immune status against SARS-CoV-2. A... The diversity of SARS-CoV-2 mutations raises the possibility of reinfection of individuals previously infected with earlier variants, and this risk is further... |
| SourceID | pubmedcentral proquest asm2 pubmed crossref |
| SourceType | Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Index Database Enrichment Source |
| StartPage | e0136622 |
| SubjectTerms | Animals COVID-19 Cricetinae Host-Microbial Interactions Mesocricetus Pathogenesis and Immunity Reinfection RNA, Viral SARS-CoV-2 - genetics |
| Title | Impact of Reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variants in Previously Infected Hamsters |
| URI | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36633406 https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/jvi.01366-22 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2765070656 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC9888231 |
| Volume | 97 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV3db9MwELfKEGgviG_KlwyCp8qjcZzUfZwmUAsCpHWrtqfIjh0165pMtF21_fXcxUmablQCXqwqdpLqfj9f7uy7MyEfjMHNGK2ZCqTPhBAxUzLEyJzE83qh4X6R4f39Rzg4Fl9PgpNWK2lELS0Xei--_mNeyf-gCtcAV8yS_Qdk64fCBfgN-EILCEP7VxgP6xTHQ1tFVbm07M5o_3DEDvIx452fMwy6yzpjcIuLqJc0w8iLS4x-Pb8CDYE3gt05UDOsmjDfYq9iQlxzCX40SVeKjZYmd_s_1_ksrfvU1B1zfbqcL6c1d4YrtVDsNJ9P0qlaKafd82m-XtUHU1Vptyo-SbOztLkowTEkq9Lm1ilSrFOK1lhT07pI3A1GObVpsXJc6BKUb-t0jnkKZ5fpXjGKbQ4DRC5mBb7Q5_uie6OwtvtUl113yF0O7kTheg-_1btN4BKLKimCy0_NV-2S-9XN8NFW8xnfNGBueSU3g2sb1srRQ_KghI3uO848Ii2bPSb33MGjV0_I2DGH5gltMIcic-iaObRkDq2YQ9OMrplDK-bQijlPyfGXz0cHA1aesMGU8OSCaa5krEMTBNrwMAgSK6WKtQK7UhobKO1brr0-eGHWw0ktbVfrvjJeoMPE9qT_jOxkeWZfEKr7RibQhCZJBO9qZRIlfBEokfS11w3b5D1KLyqnzzwqvE8uI5B2VEg74rxNOpVso7isUY9HpZxvGf2xHn3harNsGfeugikC5Yk7YiqzIKmI98BBwY1--HvPHWz1kyrY26S3AWg9AAuzb_Zk6aQo0A4Cw931l1uf-YrsrmfNa7Kz-LW0b8C4Xei3BTN_A2DDpcI |
| linkProvider | Flying Publisher |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Impact+of+Reinfection+with+SARS-CoV-2+Omicron+Variants+in+Previously+Infected+Hamsters&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+virology&rft.au=Shiwa-Sudo%2C+Nozomi&rft.au=Sakai%2C+Yusuke&rft.au=Iwata-Yoshikawa%2C+Naoko&rft.au=Watanabe%2C+Shinji&rft.date=2023-01-31&rft.eissn=1098-5514&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=e0136622&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2Fjvi.01366-22&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F36633406&rft.externalDocID=36633406 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0022-538X&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0022-538X&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0022-538X&client=summon |