Hydrogeology and hydrogeochemistry of a small, hard-rock island — the heavily stressed aquifer of Jersey
The fractured basement aquifer of Jersey provides 30% of the total water needs of the island plus baseflow to surface catchment storage. A 3-year field study has attempted to describe the groundwater resources in terms of quantity and quality. Borehole yields are typically less than 11s −1; the isla...
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| Published in | Journal of hydrology (Amsterdam) Vol. 163; no. 3; pp. 249 - 269 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Amsterdam
Elsevier B.V
1994
Elsevier Science |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | The fractured basement aquifer of Jersey provides 30% of the total water needs of the island plus baseflow to surface catchment storage. A 3-year field study has attempted to describe the groundwater resources in terms of quantity and quality. Borehole yields are typically less than 11s
−1; the island-wide estimate of transmissivity is 3 m
3 day
−1 and effective aquifer thickness is 30–40 m although deeper circulation occurs in selected fracture systems. It is estimated that much of the renewable resource is exploited. Groundwaters are predominantly derived from recent recharge, most being oxidising with measurable tritium contents. There is widespread pollution from agricultural nutrients but natural denitrification is apparent in some areas. |
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| AbstractList | The fractured basement aquifer of Jersey provides 30% of the total water needs of the island plus baseflow to surface catchment storage. A 3-year field study has attempted to describe the groundwater resources in terms of quantity and quality. Borehole yields are typically less than 11s super(-1); the island-wide estimate of transmissivity is 3 m super(3) day super(-1) and effective aquifer thickness is 30-40 m although deeper circulation occurs in selected fracture systems. It is estimated that much of the renewable resource is exploited. Groundwaters are predominantly derived from recent recharge, most being oxidising with measurable tritium contents. There is widespread pollution from agricultural nutrients but natural denitrification is apparent in some areas. The fractured basement aquifer of Jersey provides 30% of the total water needs of the island plus baseflow to surface catchment storage. A 3-year field study has attempted to describe the groundwater resources in terms of quantity and quality. Borehole yields are typically less than 11s −1; the island-wide estimate of transmissivity is 3 m 3 day −1 and effective aquifer thickness is 30–40 m although deeper circulation occurs in selected fracture systems. It is estimated that much of the renewable resource is exploited. Groundwaters are predominantly derived from recent recharge, most being oxidising with measurable tritium contents. There is widespread pollution from agricultural nutrients but natural denitrification is apparent in some areas. The groundwater resources of the island of Jersey, the largest of the British Channel Islands group, were studied. The island was formed principally of Precambrian rocks. The fractured basement aquifer provided 30 per cent of the total water needs of the island, together with baseflow to surface catchment storage. Quantitative and qualitative aspects of groundwater resources were assessed in a 3-year field study. The aquifer had an average transmissivity of 3 m3 per d and an effective saturated thickness of 30-40 m. Deeper groundwater circulation occurred in selected fracture systems. The aquifer was stressed by heavy exploitation and anthropogenic pollution, particularly from agriculture. |
| Author | Robins, N.S. Smedley, P.L. |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1180/minmag.1984.048.348.12 10.1016/0143-6228(89)90048-9 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1972.tb03586.x 10.1016/0022-1694(86)90155-1 10.1016/0043-1354(91)90203-3 10.1016/0022-1694(78)90001-X |
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| Keywords | basement tritium thickness ground water hydrogeology pollution transmissivity agriculture drainage basins boreholes water resources water storage aquifers water quality islands recharge fresh water fractures |
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| References | IAEA (BIB11) 1992 Vacher (BIB23) 1978; 39 Blackie, Jones (BIB2) 1993 British Geological Survey (BIB3) 1992 IAEA (BIB10) 1990 Matalas (BIB12) 1987 Peterson (BIB14) 1972; 10 Edmunds, Andrews, Burgess, Kay, Lee (BIB4) 1984; 48 (BIB6) 1991 Robins, Smedley (BIB16) 1991 Bishop, Bisson (BIB1) 1989 Moss, Mellon (BIB13) 1952; 14 Hem (BIB8) 1985 Robins, Smedley, Kitching (BIB17) 1992 Robins, Smedley, Chilton, Stuart (BIB18) 1993 Smedley, Bromley, Shepherd, Edmunds, Kay (BIB19) 1989 Hiscock, Lloyd, Lerner (BIB9) 1991; 25 Edmunds, Andrews, Bromley, Kay, Mildowski, Savage, Thomas (BIB5) 1988 Trudell, Gillham, Cherry (BIB22) 1986; 83 Hawksley (BIB21) 1976 Robins (BIB15) 1993 Foster, Ibery, Hinton (BIB7) 1989; 9 States of Jersey (BIB20) 1992 Hawksley (10.1016/0022-1694(94)90143-0_BIB21) 1976 States of Jersey (10.1016/0022-1694(94)90143-0_BIB20) 1992 Trudell (10.1016/0022-1694(94)90143-0_BIB22) 1986; 83 Blackie (10.1016/0022-1694(94)90143-0_BIB2) 1993 Edmunds (10.1016/0022-1694(94)90143-0_BIB5) 1988 Vacher (10.1016/0022-1694(94)90143-0_BIB23) 1978; 39 Edmunds (10.1016/0022-1694(94)90143-0_BIB4) 1984; 48 Bishop (10.1016/0022-1694(94)90143-0_BIB1) 1989 Hiscock (10.1016/0022-1694(94)90143-0_BIB9) 1991; 25 Peterson (10.1016/0022-1694(94)90143-0_BIB14) 1972; 10 Robins (10.1016/0022-1694(94)90143-0_BIB16) 1991 Robins (10.1016/0022-1694(94)90143-0_BIB17) 1992 (10.1016/0022-1694(94)90143-0_BIB6) 1991 Foster (10.1016/0022-1694(94)90143-0_BIB7) 1989; 9 Matalas (10.1016/0022-1694(94)90143-0_BIB12) 1987 Smedley (10.1016/0022-1694(94)90143-0_BIB19) 1989 Robins (10.1016/0022-1694(94)90143-0_BIB15) 1993 IAEA (10.1016/0022-1694(94)90143-0_BIB10) 1990 IAEA (10.1016/0022-1694(94)90143-0_BIB11) 1992 Robins (10.1016/0022-1694(94)90143-0_BIB18) 1993 British Geological Survey (10.1016/0022-1694(94)90143-0_BIB3) 1992 Hem (10.1016/0022-1694(94)90143-0_BIB8) 1985 Moss (10.1016/0022-1694(94)90143-0_BIB13) 1952; 14 |
| References_xml | – start-page: 93 year: 1991 ident: BIB16 article-title: Hydrogeological and hydrogeochemical survey of Jersey publication-title: British Geological Survey, Tech. Rep. contributor: fullname: Smedley – start-page: 2254 year: 1985 ident: BIB8 article-title: Study and interpretation of the chemical characteristics of Natural water publication-title: USGS Water Supply Paper contributor: fullname: Hem – volume: 25 start-page: 1099 year: 1991 end-page: 1111 ident: BIB9 article-title: Review of natural and artificial denitrification of groundwater publication-title: Water Res. contributor: fullname: Lerner – volume: 14 start-page: 862 year: 1952 end-page: 865 ident: BIB13 article-title: Colorimetric determination of iron with 2,2′-bipyridyl and with 2,2′,2″-terpyridyl publication-title: Ind. Eng. Chem. contributor: fullname: Mellon – year: 1992 ident: BIB3 article-title: Hydrogeological Map of Jersey contributor: fullname: British Geological Survey – year: 1992 ident: BIB20 article-title: Agricultural statistics for 1991 contributor: fullname: States of Jersey – start-page: 17 year: 1993 ident: BIB2 article-title: Estimates of open water evaporation and of potential transpiration for Jersey publication-title: Institute of Hydrology, Oxford, Tech. Rep. contributor: fullname: Jones – start-page: 81 year: 1992 ident: BIB17 article-title: Jersey groundwater — Year 2: further observations and groundwater model publication-title: British Geological Survey, Tech. Rep. contributor: fullname: Kitching – start-page: 781 year: 1992 ident: BIB11 article-title: Statistical treatment of data on environmental isotopes in precipitation publication-title: Technical Reports Series 331 contributor: fullname: IAEA – volume: 83 start-page: 251 year: 1986 end-page: 268 ident: BIB22 article-title: An in-situ study of the occurrence and rate of denitrification in a shallow unconfined sand aquifer publication-title: J. Hydrol. contributor: fullname: Cherry – start-page: 70 year: 1993 ident: BIB18 article-title: Jersey groundwater — Year 3: further observations and potential sources of pollution publication-title: British Geological Survey, Tech. Rep. contributor: fullname: Stuart – volume: 9 start-page: 95 year: 1989 end-page: 113 ident: BIB7 article-title: Agriculture and water quality: a preliminary examination of the Jersey nitrate problem publication-title: Appl. Geog. contributor: fullname: Hinton – year: 1976 ident: BIB21 publication-title: Report on groundwater resources contributor: fullname: Hawksley – start-page: 569 year: 1987 end-page: 592 ident: BIB12 article-title: Hydrology in an island-continent context publication-title: Resources and World Development contributor: fullname: Matalas – volume: 39 start-page: 207 year: 1978 end-page: 226 ident: BIB23 article-title: Hydrogeology of Bermuda: significance of an across-the-island variation in permeability publication-title: J. Hydrol. contributor: fullname: Vacher – start-page: 117 year: 1989 ident: BIB19 article-title: Fluid circulation in the Carnmenellis granite: hydrogeological, hydrogeochemical and palaeofluid evidence publication-title: Geochemistry in Relation to Hot-Dry Rock Development in Cornwall: Volume 4 contributor: fullname: Kay – start-page: 435 year: 1991 ident: BIB6 publication-title: Hydrology and water resources of small islands: a practical guide – start-page: 116 year: 1988 ident: BIB5 article-title: Granite-water interactions in relation to Hot Dry Rock geothermal development publication-title: British geological Survey Tech. Rpt. contributor: fullname: Thomas – start-page: 188 year: 1990 ident: BIB10 article-title: Environmental isotope data No. 9: World survey of isotope concentration in precipitation (1984–1987) publication-title: Technical Reports Series 311 contributor: fullname: IAEA – start-page: 327 year: 1993 end-page: 337 ident: BIB15 article-title: Reconnaissance survey to determine the optimum groundwater potential of the island of Jersey publication-title: Mems. 24th Congress IAH contributor: fullname: Robins – start-page: 126 year: 1989 ident: BIB1 article-title: Classical Areas of British Geology: Jersey publication-title: British Geological Survey contributor: fullname: Bisson – volume: 48 start-page: 407 year: 1984 end-page: 424 ident: BIB4 article-title: The evolution of saline and thermal groundwaters in the Carnmenellis granite publication-title: Min. Mag. contributor: fullname: Lee – volume: 10 start-page: 18 year: 1972 end-page: 23 ident: BIB14 article-title: Water development on tropic volcanic islands-type example: Hawaii publication-title: Ground Water contributor: fullname: Peterson – volume: 48 start-page: 407 year: 1984 ident: 10.1016/0022-1694(94)90143-0_BIB4 article-title: The evolution of saline and thermal groundwaters in the Carnmenellis granite publication-title: Min. Mag. doi: 10.1180/minmag.1984.048.348.12 contributor: fullname: Edmunds – year: 1976 ident: 10.1016/0022-1694(94)90143-0_BIB21 contributor: fullname: Hawksley – volume: 9 start-page: 95 year: 1989 ident: 10.1016/0022-1694(94)90143-0_BIB7 article-title: Agriculture and water quality: a preliminary examination of the Jersey nitrate problem publication-title: Appl. Geog. doi: 10.1016/0143-6228(89)90048-9 contributor: fullname: Foster – volume: 10 start-page: 18 issue: 5 year: 1972 ident: 10.1016/0022-1694(94)90143-0_BIB14 article-title: Water development on tropic volcanic islands-type example: Hawaii publication-title: Ground Water doi: 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1972.tb03586.x contributor: fullname: Peterson – start-page: 126 year: 1989 ident: 10.1016/0022-1694(94)90143-0_BIB1 article-title: Classical Areas of British Geology: Jersey contributor: fullname: Bishop – volume: 83 start-page: 251 year: 1986 ident: 10.1016/0022-1694(94)90143-0_BIB22 article-title: An in-situ study of the occurrence and rate of denitrification in a shallow unconfined sand aquifer publication-title: J. Hydrol. doi: 10.1016/0022-1694(86)90155-1 contributor: fullname: Trudell – start-page: 435 year: 1991 ident: 10.1016/0022-1694(94)90143-0_BIB6 – volume: 25 start-page: 1099 year: 1991 ident: 10.1016/0022-1694(94)90143-0_BIB9 article-title: Review of natural and artificial denitrification of groundwater publication-title: Water Res. doi: 10.1016/0043-1354(91)90203-3 contributor: fullname: Hiscock – start-page: 781 year: 1992 ident: 10.1016/0022-1694(94)90143-0_BIB11 article-title: Statistical treatment of data on environmental isotopes in precipitation contributor: fullname: IAEA – start-page: 327 year: 1993 ident: 10.1016/0022-1694(94)90143-0_BIB15 article-title: Reconnaissance survey to determine the optimum groundwater potential of the island of Jersey contributor: fullname: Robins – start-page: 70 year: 1993 ident: 10.1016/0022-1694(94)90143-0_BIB18 article-title: Jersey groundwater — Year 3: further observations and potential sources of pollution publication-title: British Geological Survey, Tech. Rep. contributor: fullname: Robins – year: 1992 ident: 10.1016/0022-1694(94)90143-0_BIB20 contributor: fullname: States of Jersey – start-page: 81 year: 1992 ident: 10.1016/0022-1694(94)90143-0_BIB17 article-title: Jersey groundwater — Year 2: further observations and groundwater model publication-title: British Geological Survey, Tech. Rep. contributor: fullname: Robins – start-page: 17 year: 1993 ident: 10.1016/0022-1694(94)90143-0_BIB2 article-title: Estimates of open water evaporation and of potential transpiration for Jersey publication-title: Institute of Hydrology, Oxford, Tech. Rep. contributor: fullname: Blackie – start-page: 2254 year: 1985 ident: 10.1016/0022-1694(94)90143-0_BIB8 article-title: Study and interpretation of the chemical characteristics of Natural water publication-title: USGS Water Supply Paper contributor: fullname: Hem – year: 1992 ident: 10.1016/0022-1694(94)90143-0_BIB3 contributor: fullname: British Geological Survey – start-page: 188 year: 1990 ident: 10.1016/0022-1694(94)90143-0_BIB10 article-title: Environmental isotope data No. 9: World survey of isotope concentration in precipitation (1984–1987) contributor: fullname: IAEA – volume: 14 start-page: 862 year: 1952 ident: 10.1016/0022-1694(94)90143-0_BIB13 article-title: Colorimetric determination of iron with 2,2′-bipyridyl and with 2,2′,2″-terpyridyl publication-title: Ind. Eng. Chem. contributor: fullname: Moss – volume: 39 start-page: 207 year: 1978 ident: 10.1016/0022-1694(94)90143-0_BIB23 article-title: Hydrogeology of Bermuda: significance of an across-the-island variation in permeability publication-title: J. Hydrol. doi: 10.1016/0022-1694(78)90001-X contributor: fullname: Vacher – start-page: 116 year: 1988 ident: 10.1016/0022-1694(94)90143-0_BIB5 article-title: Granite-water interactions in relation to Hot Dry Rock geothermal development publication-title: British geological Survey Tech. Rpt. contributor: fullname: Edmunds – start-page: 569 year: 1987 ident: 10.1016/0022-1694(94)90143-0_BIB12 article-title: Hydrology in an island-continent context contributor: fullname: Matalas – start-page: 93 year: 1991 ident: 10.1016/0022-1694(94)90143-0_BIB16 article-title: Hydrogeological and hydrogeochemical survey of Jersey publication-title: British Geological Survey, Tech. Rep. contributor: fullname: Robins – start-page: 117 year: 1989 ident: 10.1016/0022-1694(94)90143-0_BIB19 article-title: Fluid circulation in the Carnmenellis granite: hydrogeological, hydrogeochemical and palaeofluid evidence publication-title: British Geological Survey Res. Rep. contributor: fullname: Smedley |
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| Title | Hydrogeology and hydrogeochemistry of a small, hard-rock island — the heavily stressed aquifer of Jersey |
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