Lack of Ventral Striatal Response to Positive Stimuli in Depressed Versus Normal Subjects
Objective: Most of the functional neuroimaging studies of depression have focused primarily on the resting state or responses to negatively valenced stimuli. However, depression consists not only of an accentuation of negative affective processing but of an inability to experience pleasure or positi...
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| Published in | The American journal of psychiatry Vol. 163; no. 10; pp. 1784 - 1790 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Washington, DC
American Psychiatric Association
01.10.2006
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0002-953X 1535-7228 |
| DOI | 10.1176/ajp.2006.163.10.1784 |
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| Abstract | Objective:
Most of the functional neuroimaging studies of depression have focused primarily on the resting state or responses to negatively valenced stimuli. However, depression consists not only of an accentuation of negative affective processing but of an inability to experience pleasure or positive motivation. The authors tested the hypothesis that depressed subjects would show less activation than healthy comparison subjects, in response to positive stimuli, in ventral striatal regions associated with processing of reward and positive stimuli.
Method:
Positive, negative, and neutral words were presented to 10 unmedicated depressed patients and 12 healthy comparison subjects in the context of a 3T functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) paradigm. Image processing and analysis were performed using statistical parametric mapping with a mixed-effects model. Significant differences in neural responses were assessed, examining group, condition, and interaction effects of interest within the context of a general linear model.
Results:
Relative to comparison subjects, depressed patients demonstrated significantly less bilateral ventral striatal activation to positive stimuli, correlating with decreased interest pleasure in and performance of activities. They also displayed decreased activation to positive stimuli in a dorsomedial frontal region associated with processing of self-related stimuli. Responses of depressed subjects to negative stimuli were consistent with the growing literature on frontolimbic dysfunction in depression.
Conclusions:
This finding 1) supports a pathophysiological model of depression that includes reward motivational pathway dysfunction, 2) suggests a contributing neural substrate of the inability to experience pleasure or engage in rewarding activities, 3) provides greater specification of abnormalities of basal ganglia function in depression, and 4) may help guide treatment approaches. |
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| AbstractList | Most of the functional neuroimaging studies of depression have focused primarily on the resting state or responses to negatively valenced stimuli. However, depression consists not only of an accentuation of negative affective processing but of an inability to experience pleasure or positive motivation. The authors tested the hypothesis that depressed subjects would show less activation than healthy comparison subjects, in response to positive stimuli, in ventral striatal regions associated with processing of reward and positive stimuli. Positive, negative, and neutral words were presented to 10 unmedicated depressed patients and 12 healthy comparison subjects in the context of a 3T functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) paradigm. Image processing and analysis were performed using statistical parametric mapping with a mixed-effects model. Significant differences in neural responses were assessed, examining group, condition, and interaction effects of interest within the context of a general linear model. Relative to comparison subjects, depressed patients demonstrated significantly less bilateral ventral striatal activation to positive stimuli, correlating with decreased interest/pleasure in and performance of activities. They also displayed decreased activation to positive stimuli in a dorsomedial frontal region associated with processing of self-related stimuli. Responses of depressed subjects to negative stimuli were consistent with the growing literature on frontolimbic dysfunction in depression. This finding 1) supports a pathophysiological model of depression that includes reward/motivational pathway dysfunction, 2) suggests a contributing neural substrate of the inability to experience pleasure or engage in rewarding activities, 3) provides greater specification of abnormalities of basal ganglia function in depression, and 4) may help guide treatment approaches. Most of the functional neuroimaging studies of depression have focused primarily on the resting state or responses to negatively valenced stimuli. However, depression consists not only of an accentuation of negative affective processing but of an inability to experience pleasure or positive motivation. The authors tested the hypothesis that depressed subjects would show less activation than healthy comparison subjects, in response to positive stimuli, in ventral striatal regions associated with processing of reward and positive stimuli.OBJECTIVEMost of the functional neuroimaging studies of depression have focused primarily on the resting state or responses to negatively valenced stimuli. However, depression consists not only of an accentuation of negative affective processing but of an inability to experience pleasure or positive motivation. The authors tested the hypothesis that depressed subjects would show less activation than healthy comparison subjects, in response to positive stimuli, in ventral striatal regions associated with processing of reward and positive stimuli.Positive, negative, and neutral words were presented to 10 unmedicated depressed patients and 12 healthy comparison subjects in the context of a 3T functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) paradigm. Image processing and analysis were performed using statistical parametric mapping with a mixed-effects model. Significant differences in neural responses were assessed, examining group, condition, and interaction effects of interest within the context of a general linear model.METHODPositive, negative, and neutral words were presented to 10 unmedicated depressed patients and 12 healthy comparison subjects in the context of a 3T functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) paradigm. Image processing and analysis were performed using statistical parametric mapping with a mixed-effects model. Significant differences in neural responses were assessed, examining group, condition, and interaction effects of interest within the context of a general linear model.Relative to comparison subjects, depressed patients demonstrated significantly less bilateral ventral striatal activation to positive stimuli, correlating with decreased interest/pleasure in and performance of activities. They also displayed decreased activation to positive stimuli in a dorsomedial frontal region associated with processing of self-related stimuli. Responses of depressed subjects to negative stimuli were consistent with the growing literature on frontolimbic dysfunction in depression.RESULTSRelative to comparison subjects, depressed patients demonstrated significantly less bilateral ventral striatal activation to positive stimuli, correlating with decreased interest/pleasure in and performance of activities. They also displayed decreased activation to positive stimuli in a dorsomedial frontal region associated with processing of self-related stimuli. Responses of depressed subjects to negative stimuli were consistent with the growing literature on frontolimbic dysfunction in depression.This finding 1) supports a pathophysiological model of depression that includes reward/motivational pathway dysfunction, 2) suggests a contributing neural substrate of the inability to experience pleasure or engage in rewarding activities, 3) provides greater specification of abnormalities of basal ganglia function in depression, and 4) may help guide treatment approaches.CONCLUSIONSThis finding 1) supports a pathophysiological model of depression that includes reward/motivational pathway dysfunction, 2) suggests a contributing neural substrate of the inability to experience pleasure or engage in rewarding activities, 3) provides greater specification of abnormalities of basal ganglia function in depression, and 4) may help guide treatment approaches. Objective: Most of the functional neuroimaging studies of depression have focused primarily on the resting state or responses to negatively valenced stimuli. However, depression consists not only of an accentuation of negative affective processing but of an inability to experience pleasure or positive motivation. The authors tested the hypothesis that depressed subjects would show less activation than healthy comparison subjects, in response to positive stimuli, in ventral striatal regions associated with processing of reward and positive stimuli. Method: Positive, negative, and neutral words were presented to 10 unmedicated depressed patients and 12 healthy comparison subjects in the context of a 3T functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) paradigm. Image processing and analysis were performed using statistical parametric mapping with a mixed-effects model. Significant differences in neural responses were assessed, examining group, condition, and interaction effects of interest within the context of a general linear model. Results: Relative to comparison subjects, depressed patients demonstrated significantly less bilateral ventral striatal activation to positive stimuli, correlating with decreased interest pleasure in and performance of activities. They also displayed decreased activation to positive stimuli in a dorsomedial frontal region associated with processing of self-related stimuli. Responses of depressed subjects to negative stimuli were consistent with the growing literature on frontolimbic dysfunction in depression. Conclusions: This finding 1) supports a pathophysiological model of depression that includes reward motivational pathway dysfunction, 2) suggests a contributing neural substrate of the inability to experience pleasure or engage in rewarding activities, 3) provides greater specification of abnormalities of basal ganglia function in depression, and 4) may help guide treatment approaches. Most of the functional neuroimaging studies of depression have focused primarily on the resting state or responses to negatively valenced stimuli. However, depression consists not only of an accentuation of negative affective processing but of an inability to experience pleasure or positive motivation. The authors tested the hypothesis that depressed subjects would show less activation than healthy comparison subjects, in response to positive stimuli, in ventral striatal regions associated with processing of reward and positive stimuli. Positive, negative, and neutral words were presented to 10 unmedicated depressed patients and 12 healthy comparison subjects in the context of a 3T functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) paradigm. Image processing and analysis were performed using statistical parametric mapping with a mixed-effects model. Significant differences in neural responses were assessed, examining group, condition, and interaction effects of interest within the context of a general linear model. Relative to comparison subjects, depressed patients demonstrated significantly less bilateral ventral striatal activation to positive stimuli, correlating with decreased interest/pleasure in and performance of activities. They also displayed decreased activation to positive stimuli in a dorsomedial frontal region associated with processing of self-related stimuli. Responses of depressed subjects to negative stimuli were consistent with the growing literature on frontolimbic dysfunction in depression. This finding 1) supports a pathophysiological model of depression that includes reward/motivational pathway dysfunction, 2) suggests a contributing neural substrate of the inability to experience pleasure or engage in rewarding activities, 3) provides greater specification of abnormalities of basal ganglia function in depression, and 4) may help guide treatment approaches. OBJECTIVE: Most of the functional neuroimaging studies of depression have focused primarily on the resting state or responses to negatively valenced stimuli. However, depression consists not only of an accentuation of negative affective processing but of an inability to experience pleasure or positive motivation. The authors tested the hypothesis that depressed subjects would show less activation than healthy comparison subjects, in response to positive stimuli, in ventral striatal regions associated with processing of reward and positive stimuli. METHOD: Positive, negative, and neutral words were presented to 10 unmedicated depressed patients and 12 healthy comparison subjects in the context of a 3T functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) paradigm. Image processing and analysis were performed using statistical parametric mapping with a mixed-effects model. Significant differences in neural responses were assessed, examining group, condition, and interaction effects of interest within the context of a general linear model. RESULTS: Relative to comparison subjects, depressed patients demonstrated significantly less bilateral ventral striatal activation to positive stimuli, correlating with decreased interest/pleasure in and performance of activities. They also displayed decreased activation to positive stimuli in a dorsomedial frontal region associated with processing of self-related stimuli. Responses of depressed subjects to negative stimuli were consistent with the growing literature on frontolimbic dysfunction in depression. CONCLUSIONS: This finding 1) supports a pathophysiological model of depression that includes reward/motivational pathway dysfunction, 2) suggests a contributing neural substrate of the inability to experience pleasure or engage in rewarding activities, 3) provides greater specification of abnormalities of basal ganglia function in depression, and 4) may help guide treatment approaches. |
| Author | Epstein, Jane Butler, Tracy Stern, Emily Yang, Yihong Hochberg, Hilary Silbersweig, David A. Chusid, Jesse Kocsis, James H. Murrough, James Strohmayer, Erika Pan, Hong |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Jane surname: Epstein fullname: Epstein, Jane – sequence: 2 givenname: Hong surname: Pan fullname: Pan, Hong – sequence: 3 givenname: James H. surname: Kocsis fullname: Kocsis, James H. – sequence: 4 givenname: Yihong surname: Yang fullname: Yang, Yihong – sequence: 5 givenname: Tracy surname: Butler fullname: Butler, Tracy – sequence: 6 givenname: Jesse surname: Chusid fullname: Chusid, Jesse – sequence: 7 givenname: Hilary surname: Hochberg fullname: Hochberg, Hilary – sequence: 8 givenname: James surname: Murrough fullname: Murrough, James – sequence: 9 givenname: Erika surname: Strohmayer fullname: Strohmayer, Erika – sequence: 10 givenname: Emily surname: Stern fullname: Stern, Emily – sequence: 11 givenname: David A. surname: Silbersweig fullname: Silbersweig, David A. |
| BackLink | http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=18185132$$DView record in Pascal Francis https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17012690$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| CODEN | AJPSAO |
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Most of the functional neuroimaging studies of depression have focused primarily on the resting state or responses to negatively valenced stimuli.... Most of the functional neuroimaging studies of depression have focused primarily on the resting state or responses to negatively valenced stimuli. However,... OBJECTIVE: Most of the functional neuroimaging studies of depression have focused primarily on the resting state or responses to negatively valenced stimuli.... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adult Adult and adolescent clinical studies Affect - physiology Basal Ganglia - physiology Basal Ganglia - physiopathology Biological and medical sciences Brain Brain Mapping Depression Depressive Disorder - diagnosis Depressive Disorder - physiopathology Depressive Disorder - psychology Design Education Female Frontal Lobe - physiology Frontal Lobe - physiopathology Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging - statistics & numerical data Male Medical disorders Medical sciences Medical treatment Middle Aged Mood disorders Motivation Nucleus Accumbens - physiology Nucleus Accumbens - physiopathology Parahippocampal Gyrus - physiology Parahippocampal Gyrus - physiopathology Patients Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychopathology. Psychiatry Reinforcement (Psychology) Reward Verbal Behavior - physiology |
| Title | Lack of Ventral Striatal Response to Positive Stimuli in Depressed Versus Normal Subjects |
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