Crystallization Kinetics of Organic–Inorganic Trihalide Perovskites and the Role of the Lead Anion in Crystal Growth
Methylammonium lead halide perovskite solar cells continue to excite the research community due to their rapidly increasing performance which, in large part, is due to improvements in film morphology. The next step in this progression is control of the crystal morphology which requires a better fund...
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| Published in | Journal of the American Chemical Society Vol. 137; no. 6; pp. 2350 - 2358 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
American Chemical Society
18.02.2015
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0002-7863 1520-5126 1520-5126 |
| DOI | 10.1021/ja512117e |
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| Abstract | Methylammonium lead halide perovskite solar cells continue to excite the research community due to their rapidly increasing performance which, in large part, is due to improvements in film morphology. The next step in this progression is control of the crystal morphology which requires a better fundamental understanding of the crystal growth. In this study we use in situ X-ray scattering data to study isothermal transformations of perovskite films derived from chloride, iodide, nitrate, and acetate lead salts. Using established models we determine the activation energy for crystallization and find that it changes as a function of the lead salt. Further analysis enabled determination of the precursor composition and showed that the primary step in perovskite formation is removal of excess organic salt from the precursor. This understanding suggests that careful choice of the lead salt will aid in controlling crystal growth, leading to superior films and better performing solar cells. |
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| AbstractList | Methylammonium lead halide perovskite solar cells continue to excite the research community due to their rapidly increasing performance which, in large part, is due to improvements in film morphology. The next step in this progression is control of the crystal morphology which requires a better fundamental understanding of the crystal growth. In this study we use in situ X-ray scattering data to study isothermal transformations of perovskite films derived from chloride, iodide, nitrate, and acetate lead salts. Using established models we determine the activation energy for crystallization and find that it changes as a function of the lead salt. Further analysis enabled determination of the precursor composition and showed that the primary step in perovskite formation is removal of excess organic salt from the precursor. This understanding suggests that careful choice of the lead salt will aid in controlling crystal growth, leading to superior films and better performing solar cells. Methylammonium lead halide perovskite solar cells continue to excite the research community due to their rapidly increasing performance which, in large part, is due to improvements in film morphology. The next step in this progression is control of the crystal morphology which requires a better fundamental understanding of the crystal growth. In this study we use in situ X-ray scattering data to study isothermal transformations of perovskite films derived from chloride, iodide, nitrate, and acetate lead salts. Using established models we determine the activation energy for crystallization and find that it changes as a function of the lead salt. Further analysis enabled determination of the precursor composition and showed that the primary step in perovskite formation is removal of excess organic salt from the precursor. This understanding suggests that careful choice of the lead salt will aid in controlling crystal growth, leading to superior films and better performing solar cells.Methylammonium lead halide perovskite solar cells continue to excite the research community due to their rapidly increasing performance which, in large part, is due to improvements in film morphology. The next step in this progression is control of the crystal morphology which requires a better fundamental understanding of the crystal growth. In this study we use in situ X-ray scattering data to study isothermal transformations of perovskite films derived from chloride, iodide, nitrate, and acetate lead salts. Using established models we determine the activation energy for crystallization and find that it changes as a function of the lead salt. Further analysis enabled determination of the precursor composition and showed that the primary step in perovskite formation is removal of excess organic salt from the precursor. This understanding suggests that careful choice of the lead salt will aid in controlling crystal growth, leading to superior films and better performing solar cells. |
| Author | Sai, Hiroaki Tan, Kwan W Estroff, Lara A Zhang, Wei Moore, David T Snaith, Henry J Smilgies, Detlef-M Wiesner, Ulrich |
| AuthorAffiliation | Clarendon Laboratory Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS) Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science University of Oxford Department of Materials Science and Engineering Cornell University |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: Cornell University – name: University of Oxford – name: Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS) – name: Clarendon Laboratory – name: Department of Materials Science and Engineering – name: Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: David T surname: Moore fullname: Moore, David T – sequence: 2 givenname: Hiroaki surname: Sai fullname: Sai, Hiroaki – sequence: 3 givenname: Kwan W surname: Tan fullname: Tan, Kwan W – sequence: 4 givenname: Detlef-M surname: Smilgies fullname: Smilgies, Detlef-M – sequence: 5 givenname: Wei surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Wei – sequence: 6 givenname: Henry J surname: Snaith fullname: Snaith, Henry J – sequence: 7 givenname: Ulrich surname: Wiesner fullname: Wiesner, Ulrich email: ubw1@cornell.edu – sequence: 8 givenname: Lara A surname: Estroff fullname: Estroff, Lara A email: lae37@cornell.edu |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25625616$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Copyright | Copyright © 2015 American Chemical Society |
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| Snippet | Methylammonium lead halide perovskite solar cells continue to excite the research community due to their rapidly increasing performance which, in large part,... |
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| SubjectTerms | acetates activation energy Anions Calcium Compounds - chemistry chlorides Crystallization Halogens - chemistry Inorganic Chemicals - chemistry iodides Kinetics nitrates Organic Chemicals - chemistry Oxides - chemistry photovoltaic cells Titanium - chemistry X-radiation |
| Title | Crystallization Kinetics of Organic–Inorganic Trihalide Perovskites and the Role of the Lead Anion in Crystal Growth |
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