Regulation of the Biological Functions of Osteoblasts and Bone Formation by Zn-Incorporated Coating on Microrough Titanium

• Published in: ACS applied materials & interfaces Vol. 6; no. 18; pp. 16426 - 16440
• Main Authors: Shen, Xinkun, Hu, Yan, Xu, Gaoqiang, Chen, Weizhen, Xu, Kui, Ran, Qichun, Ma, Pingping, Zhang, Yarong, Li, Jinghua, Cai, Kaiyong
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States American Chemical Society 24.09.2014
• Subjects: acid phosphatase; adhesion; alkaline phosphatase; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents - chemistry; Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology; Anti-Bacterial Agents - toxicity; bacteria; bone formation; cell differentiation; Cell Line; cell proliferation; Cell Survival - drug effects; Coated Materials, Biocompatible - chemistry; Coated Materials, Biocompatible - pharmacology; Coated Materials, Biocompatible - toxicity; coatings; contact angle; Femur - surgery; gene expression; in vitro studies; in vivo studies; ions; Mice; micro-computed tomography; mineralization; orthopedics; osteoblasts; Osteoblasts - cytology; Osteoblasts - drug effects; Osteoblasts - metabolism; Osteoblasts - transplantation; osteoclasts; Osteogenesis - drug effects; prostheses; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Rabbits; Rats; scanning electron microscopy; sol-gel processing; Staphylococcus aureus; Surface Properties; titanium; Titanium - chemistry; Titanium - pharmacology; Titanium - toxicity; X-ray diffraction; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; zinc; Zinc - chemistry; Zinc - pharmacology; Zinc - toxicity; zinc oxide; in vivo; osteoblasts; osteogenesis; zinc; titanium
• DOI: 10.1021/am5049338
• ISSN: 1944-8244; 1944-8252

To improve the biological performance of titanium implant, a series of Zn-incorporated coatings were fabricated on the microrough titanium (Micro-Ti) via sol–gel method by spin-coating technique. The successful fabrication of the coating was verified by combined techniques of scanning electron microscopy, surface profiler, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and water contact angle measurements. The incorporated zinc existed as ZnO, which released Zn ions in a sustained manner. The Zn-incorporated samples (Ti–Zn0.08, Ti–Zn0.16, and Ti–Zn0.24) efficiently inhibited the adhesion of both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria. The in vitro evaluations including cell activity, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), mineralization, osteogenic genes expressions (Runx2, ALP, OPG, Col I, OPN, and OC), and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, confirmed that Ti–Zn0.16 sample was the optimal one to regulate the proliferation or differentiation for both osteoblasts and osteoclasts. More importantly, in vivo evaluations including Micro-CT analysis, push-out test, and histological observations verified that Ti–Zn0.16 implants could efficiently promote new bone formation after implantation for 4 and 12 weeks, respectively. The resulting material thus has potential application in orthopedic field.