Divergence between Organometallic and Single-Electron-Transfer Mechanisms in Copper(II)-Mediated Aerobic C–H Oxidation

Copper(II)-mediated C–H oxidation is the subject of extensive interest in synthetic chemistry, but the mechanisms of many of these reactions are poorly understood. Here, we observe different products from CuII-mediated oxidation of N-(8-quinolinyl)benzamide, depending on the reaction conditions. Und...

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Published inJournal of the American Chemical Society Vol. 135; no. 26; pp. 9797 - 9804
Main Authors Suess, Alison M, Ertem, Mehmed Z, Cramer, Christopher J, Stahl, Shannon S
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published WASHINGTON American Chemical Society 03.07.2013
Amer Chemical Soc
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Abstract Copper(II)-mediated C–H oxidation is the subject of extensive interest in synthetic chemistry, but the mechanisms of many of these reactions are poorly understood. Here, we observe different products from CuII-mediated oxidation of N-(8-quinolinyl)benzamide, depending on the reaction conditions. Under basic conditions, the benzamide group undergoes directed C–H methoxylation or chlorination. Under acidic conditions, the quinoline group undergoes nondirected chlorination. Experimental and computational mechanistic studies implicate an organometallic C–H activation/functionalization mechanism under the former conditions and a single-electron-transfer mechanism under the latter conditions. This rare observation of divergent, condition-dependent mechanisms for oxidation of a single substrate provides a valuable foundation for understanding CuII-mediated C–H oxidation reactions.
AbstractList Copper(II)-mediated C–H oxidation is the subject of extensive interest in synthetic chemistry, but the mechanisms of many of these reactions are poorly understood. Here, we observe different products from Cuᴵᴵ-mediated oxidation of N-(8-quinolinyl)benzamide, depending on the reaction conditions. Under basic conditions, the benzamide group undergoes directed C–H methoxylation or chlorination. Under acidic conditions, the quinoline group undergoes nondirected chlorination. Experimental and computational mechanistic studies implicate an organometallic C–H activation/functionalization mechanism under the former conditions and a single-electron-transfer mechanism under the latter conditions. This rare observation of divergent, condition-dependent mechanisms for oxidation of a single substrate provides a valuable foundation for understanding Cuᴵᴵ-mediated C–H oxidation reactions.
Copper(II)-mediated C-H oxidation is the subject of extensive interest in synthetic chemistry, but the mechanisms of many of these reactions are poorly understood. Here, we observe different products from Cu-II-mediated oxidation of N-(8-quinolinyl)benzamide, depending on the reaction conditions. Under basic conditions, the benzamide group undergoes directed C-H methoxylation or chlorination. Under acidic conditions, the quinoline group undergoes nondirected chlorination. Experimental and computational mechanistic studies implicate an organometallic C-H activation/functionalization mechanism under the former conditions and a single-electron-transfer mechanism under the latter conditions. This rare observation of divergent, condition-dependent mechanisms for oxidation of a single substrate provides a valuable foundation for understanding Cu-II-mediated C-H oxidation reactions.
Copper(II)-mediated C-H oxidation is the subject of extensive interest in synthetic chemistry, but the mechanisms of many of these reactions are poorly understood. Here, we observe different products from Cu(II)-mediated oxidation of N-(8-quinolinyl)benzamide, depending on the reaction conditions. Under basic conditions, the benzamide group undergoes directed C-H methoxylation or chlorination. Under acidic conditions, the quinoline group undergoes nondirected chlorination. Experimental and computational mechanistic studies implicate an organometallic C-H activation/functionalization mechanism under the former conditions and a single-electron-transfer mechanism under the latter conditions. This rare observation of divergent, condition-dependent mechanisms for oxidation of a single substrate provides a valuable foundation for understanding Cu(II)-mediated C-H oxidation reactions.Copper(II)-mediated C-H oxidation is the subject of extensive interest in synthetic chemistry, but the mechanisms of many of these reactions are poorly understood. Here, we observe different products from Cu(II)-mediated oxidation of N-(8-quinolinyl)benzamide, depending on the reaction conditions. Under basic conditions, the benzamide group undergoes directed C-H methoxylation or chlorination. Under acidic conditions, the quinoline group undergoes nondirected chlorination. Experimental and computational mechanistic studies implicate an organometallic C-H activation/functionalization mechanism under the former conditions and a single-electron-transfer mechanism under the latter conditions. This rare observation of divergent, condition-dependent mechanisms for oxidation of a single substrate provides a valuable foundation for understanding Cu(II)-mediated C-H oxidation reactions.
Copper(II)-mediated C–H oxidation is the subject of extensive interest in synthetic chemistry, but the mechanisms of many of these reactions are poorly understood. Here, we observe different products from CuII-mediated oxidation of N-(8-quinolinyl)benzamide, depending on the reaction conditions. Under basic conditions, the benzamide group undergoes directed C–H methoxylation or chlorination. Under acidic conditions, the quinoline group undergoes nondirected chlorination. Experimental and computational mechanistic studies implicate an organometallic C–H activation/functionalization mechanism under the former conditions and a single-electron-transfer mechanism under the latter conditions. This rare observation of divergent, condition-dependent mechanisms for oxidation of a single substrate provides a valuable foundation for understanding CuII-mediated C–H oxidation reactions.
Author Ertem, Mehmed Z
Cramer, Christopher J
Stahl, Shannon S
Suess, Alison M
AuthorAffiliation University of Minnesota
University of Wisconsin−Madison
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: University of Wisconsin−Madison
– name: University of Minnesota
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Alison M
  surname: Suess
  fullname: Suess, Alison M
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Mehmed Z
  surname: Ertem
  fullname: Ertem, Mehmed Z
  email: mzertem@gmail.com, stahl@chem.wisc.edu
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Christopher J
  surname: Cramer
  fullname: Cramer, Christopher J
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Shannon S
  surname: Stahl
  fullname: Stahl, Shannon S
  email: mzertem@gmail.com, stahl@chem.wisc.edu
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23750607$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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DIRECT ARYLATION
N-CONFUSED PORPHYRIN
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Snippet Copper(II)-mediated C–H oxidation is the subject of extensive interest in synthetic chemistry, but the mechanisms of many of these reactions are poorly...
Copper(II)-mediated C-H oxidation is the subject of extensive interest in synthetic chemistry, but the mechanisms of many of these reactions are poorly...
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SubjectTerms Chemistry
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
chlorination
Copper - chemistry
Electron Transport
Molecular Structure
Organometallic Compounds - chemical synthesis
Organometallic Compounds - chemistry
oxidation
Oxidation-Reduction
Physical Sciences
quinoline
Science & Technology
Title Divergence between Organometallic and Single-Electron-Transfer Mechanisms in Copper(II)-Mediated Aerobic C–H Oxidation
URI http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja4026424
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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23750607
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1393787029
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2986683005
Volume 135
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