The effects of atmospheric dust and solar radiation on the dayside ionosphere of Mars derived from 17 years of Mars Express radio science observations

This work combines 17 years of Mars Express radio science (MaRS) observations with proxies for insolation and local/global atmospheric dust to investigate the combined and individual effects on the dayside ionosphere of Mars from the top down to the ionospheric base. The increase in insolation from...

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Published inIcarus (New York, N.Y. 1962) Vol. 400; p. 115565
Main Authors Peter, Kerstin, Pätzold, M., Montabone, L., Thiemann, E., González-Galindo, F., Witasse, O., Tellmann, S., Bird, M.K.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Elsevier Inc 01.08.2023
Elsevier
Subjects
Dust cycle
Ionosphere
Mars
Mars Express
Radio science
Sciences of the Universe
Mars
Dust cycle
Mars Express
Radio science
Ionosphere
Earth Science
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Abstract This work combines 17 years of Mars Express radio science (MaRS) observations with proxies for insolation and local/global atmospheric dust to investigate the combined and individual effects on the dayside ionosphere of Mars from the top down to the ionospheric base. The increase in insolation from orbital apocenter to pericenter in combination with Mars‘ dust cycle causes an average rise of the whole photochemically dominated region of the dayside ionosphere, ranging from 13 km at the ionospheric base up to 22 km above the main peak during conditions without a global dust storm. The declining phase of the 2018 global dust storm was observed by MaRS on the southern hemisphere and close to pericenter. The observed lifting effect on the whole photochemically dominated region of the ionosphere from the increased insolation and the high local and global atmospheric dust levels exceeds that seen by MaRS from similar seasons during years without a global dust storm. The average ionospheric peak altitude at the subsolar point rises for increasing levels of local atmospheric dust until a maximum elevation is reached. This maximum depends on the available insolation at the top of the planetary atmosphere. Further increases of the local atmospheric dust levels do not lead to a further rise of the average ionospheric peak altitude in the investigated data set. This indicates a limit for the warming/expansion of the lower neutral atmosphere and the consecutive lifting of the ionosphere based on the available insolation and explains why regional dust storms can cause a similar lifting of the ionospheric main peak region as global dust storms. •The whole photochemically dominated region of the dayside ionosphere is affected by the Mars orbital seasons.•Insolation as well as atmospheric dust levels contribute to the rise of the ionosphere from Mars apocenter to pericenter.•The available insolation provides an upper limit for the lifting of the ionosphere during dust events.
AbstractList This work combines 17 years of Mars Express radio science (MaRS) observations with proxies for insolation and local/global atmospheric dust to investigate the combined and individual effects on the dayside ionosphere of Mars from the top down to the ionospheric base. The increase in insolation from orbital apocenter to pericenter in combination with Mars' dust cycle causes an average rise of the whole photochemically dominated region of the dayside ionosphere, ranging from 13 km at the ionospheric base up to 22 km above the main peak during conditions without a global dust storm. The declining phase of the 2018 global dust storm was observed by MaRS on the southern hemisphere and close to pericenter. The observed lifting effect on the whole photochemically dominated region of the ionosphere from the increased insolation and the high local and global atmospheric dust levels exceeds that seen by MaRS from similar seasons during years without a global dust storm. The average ionospheric peak altitude at the subsolar point rises for increasing levels of local atmospheric dust until a maximum elevation is reached. This maximum depends on the available insolation at the top of the planetary atmosphere. Further increases of the local atmospheric dust levels do not lead to a further rise of the average ionospheric peak altitude in the investigated data set. This indicates a limit for the warming/expansion of the lower neutral atmosphere and the consecutive lifting of the ionosphere based on the available insolation and explains why regional dust storms can cause a similar lifting of the ionospheric main peak region as global dust storms.
This work combines 17 years of Mars Express radio science (MaRS) observations with proxies for insolation and local/global atmospheric dust to investigate the combined and individual effects on the dayside ionosphere of Mars from the top down to the ionospheric base. The increase in insolation from orbital apocenter to pericenter in combination with Mars‘ dust cycle causes an average rise of the whole photochemically dominated region of the dayside ionosphere, ranging from 13 km at the ionospheric base up to 22 km above the main peak during conditions without a global dust storm. The declining phase of the 2018 global dust storm was observed by MaRS on the southern hemisphere and close to pericenter. The observed lifting effect on the whole photochemically dominated region of the ionosphere from the increased insolation and the high local and global atmospheric dust levels exceeds that seen by MaRS from similar seasons during years without a global dust storm. The average ionospheric peak altitude at the subsolar point rises for increasing levels of local atmospheric dust until a maximum elevation is reached. This maximum depends on the available insolation at the top of the planetary atmosphere. Further increases of the local atmospheric dust levels do not lead to a further rise of the average ionospheric peak altitude in the investigated data set. This indicates a limit for the warming/expansion of the lower neutral atmosphere and the consecutive lifting of the ionosphere based on the available insolation and explains why regional dust storms can cause a similar lifting of the ionospheric main peak region as global dust storms. •The whole photochemically dominated region of the dayside ionosphere is affected by the Mars orbital seasons.•Insolation as well as atmospheric dust levels contribute to the rise of the ionosphere from Mars apocenter to pericenter.•The available insolation provides an upper limit for the lifting of the ionosphere during dust events.
ArticleNumber 115565
Author Bird, M.K.
González-Galindo, F.
Witasse, O.
Pätzold, M.
Thiemann, E.
Tellmann, S.
Montabone, L.
Peter, Kerstin
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  givenname: S.
  surname: Tellmann
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Keywords Mars
Dust cycle
Mars Express
Radio science
Ionosphere
Earth Science
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Snippet This work combines 17 years of Mars Express radio science (MaRS) observations with proxies for insolation and local/global atmospheric dust to investigate the...
This work combines 17 years of Mars Express radio science (MaRS) observations with proxies for insolation and local/global atmospheric dust to investigate the...
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elsevier
SourceType Open Access Repository
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Publisher
StartPage 115565
SubjectTerms Dust cycle
Ionosphere
Mars
Mars Express
Radio science
Sciences of the Universe
Title The effects of atmospheric dust and solar radiation on the dayside ionosphere of Mars derived from 17 years of Mars Express radio science observations
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2023.115565
https://insu.hal.science/insu-04195484
Volume 400
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