Conversion of Polyethylene Waste into Gaseous Hydrocarbons via Integrated Tandem Chemical–Photo/Electrocatalytic Processes

The chemical inertness of polyethylene makes chemical recycling challenging and motivates the development of new catalytic innovations to mitigate polymer waste. Current chemical recycling methods yield a complex mixture of liquid products, which is challenging to utilize in subsequent processes. He...

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Published inACS catalysis Vol. 11; no. 15; pp. 9159 - 9167
Main Authors Pichler, Christian M, Bhattacharjee, Subhajit, Rahaman, Motiar, Uekert, Taylor, Reisner, Erwin
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published American Chemical Society 06.08.2021
Subjects
oxidative depolymerization
decarboxylation
photocatalysis
electrocatalysis
polyethylene
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Abstract The chemical inertness of polyethylene makes chemical recycling challenging and motivates the development of new catalytic innovations to mitigate polymer waste. Current chemical recycling methods yield a complex mixture of liquid products, which is challenging to utilize in subsequent processes. Here, we present an oxidative depolymerization step utilizing diluted nitric acid to convert polyethylene into organic acids (40% organic acid yield), which can be coupled to a photo- or electrocatalytic decarboxylation reaction to produce hydrocarbons (individual hydrocarbon yields of 3 and 20%, respectively) with H2 and CO2 as gaseous byproducts. The integrated tandem process allows for the direct conversion of polyethylene into gaseous hydrocarbon products with an overall hydrocarbon yield of 1.0% for the oxidative/photocatalytic route and 7.6% for the oxidative/electrolytic route. The product selectivity is tunable with photocatalysis using TiO2 or carbon nitride, yielding alkanes (ethane and propane), whereas electrocatalysis on carbon electrodes produces alkenes (ethylene and propylene). This two-step recycling process of plastics can use sunlight or renewable electricity to convert polyethylene into valuable, easily separable, gaseous platform chemicals.
AbstractList The chemical inertness of polyethylene makes chemical recycling challenging and motivates the development of new catalytic innovations to mitigate polymer waste. Current chemical recycling methods yield a complex mixture of liquid products, which is challenging to utilize in subsequent processes. Here, we present an oxidative depolymerization step utilizing diluted nitric acid to convert polyethylene into organic acids (40% organic acid yield), which can be coupled to a photo- or electrocatalytic decarboxylation reaction to produce hydrocarbons (individual hydrocarbon yields of 3 and 20%, respectively) with H 2 and CO 2 as gaseous byproducts. The integrated tandem process allows for the direct conversion of polyethylene into gaseous hydrocarbon products with an overall hydrocarbon yield of 1.0% for the oxidative/photocatalytic route and 7.6% for the oxidative/electrolytic route. The product selectivity is tunable with photocatalysis using TiO 2 or carbon nitride, yielding alkanes (ethane and propane), whereas electrocatalysis on carbon electrodes produces alkenes (ethylene and propylene). This two-step recycling process of plastics can use sunlight or renewable electricity to convert polyethylene into valuable, easily separable, gaseous platform chemicals.
The chemical inertness of polyethylene makes chemical recycling challenging and motivates the development of new catalytic innovations to mitigate polymer waste. Current chemical recycling methods yield a complex mixture of liquid products, which is challenging to utilize in subsequent processes. Here, we present an oxidative depolymerization step utilizing diluted nitric acid to convert polyethylene into organic acids (40% organic acid yield), which can be coupled to a photo- or electrocatalytic decarboxylation reaction to produce hydrocarbons (individual hydrocarbon yields of 3 and 20%, respectively) with H2 and CO2 as gaseous byproducts. The integrated tandem process allows for the direct conversion of polyethylene into gaseous hydrocarbon products with an overall hydrocarbon yield of 1.0% for the oxidative/photocatalytic route and 7.6% for the oxidative/electrolytic route. The product selectivity is tunable with photocatalysis using TiO2 or carbon nitride, yielding alkanes (ethane and propane), whereas electrocatalysis on carbon electrodes produces alkenes (ethylene and propylene). This two-step recycling process of plastics can use sunlight or renewable electricity to convert polyethylene into valuable, easily separable, gaseous platform chemicals.
Author Uekert, Taylor
Pichler, Christian M
Rahaman, Motiar
Reisner, Erwin
Bhattacharjee, Subhajit
AuthorAffiliation Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry
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  givenname: Christian M
  surname: Pichler
  fullname: Pichler, Christian M
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  givenname: Subhajit
  surname: Bhattacharjee
  fullname: Bhattacharjee, Subhajit
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  givenname: Motiar
  orcidid: 0000-0002-8422-0566
  surname: Rahaman
  fullname: Rahaman, Motiar
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  givenname: Taylor
  surname: Uekert
  fullname: Uekert, Taylor
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  givenname: Erwin
  orcidid: 0000-0002-7781-1616
  surname: Reisner
  fullname: Reisner, Erwin
  email: reisner@ch.cam.ac.uk
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Keywords oxidative depolymerization
decarboxylation
photocatalysis
electrocatalysis
polyethylene
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Snippet The chemical inertness of polyethylene makes chemical recycling challenging and motivates the development of new catalytic innovations to mitigate polymer...
The chemical inertness of polyethylene makes chemical recycling challenging and motivates the development of new catalytic innovations to mitigate polymer...
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Title Conversion of Polyethylene Waste into Gaseous Hydrocarbons via Integrated Tandem Chemical–Photo/Electrocatalytic Processes
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